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Hammoudeh SM, Ng Y, Wei BR, Madsen TD, Yadav MP, Simpson RM, Weigert R, Randazzo PA. Tongue orthotopic xenografts to study fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma invasion and metastasis in live animals. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100802. [PMID: 38964316 PMCID: PMC11294838 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PAX3/7 fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) is a childhood mesodermal lineage malignancy with a poor prognosis for metastatic or relapsed cases. Limited understanding of advanced FN-RMS is partially attributed to the absence of sequential invasion and dissemination events and the challenge in studying cell behavior, using, for example, non-invasive intravital microscopy (IVM), in currently used xenograft models. Here, we developed an orthotopic tongue xenograft model of FN-RMS to study cell behavior and the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis using IVM. FN-RMS cells are retained in the tongue and invade locally into muscle mysial spaces and vascular lumen, with evidence of hematogenous dissemination to the lungs and lymphatic dissemination to lymph nodes. Using IVM of tongue xenografts reveals shifts in cellular phenotype, migration to blood and lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic intravasation. Insight from this model into tumor invasion and metastasis at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular level can guide new therapeutic avenues for advanced FN-RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hammoudeh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeap Ng
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; CCR-Intravital Microscopy Core, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bih-Rong Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas D Madsen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mukesh P Yadav
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; CCR-Intravital Microscopy Core, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Epithelioid Type Tongue Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report With Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30820. [PMID: 36337785 PMCID: PMC9621720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongue rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are extremely rare soft tissue tumors in the pediatric age group. The most common reported histopathology type is embryonal. To our knowledge, epithelioid type has not yet been reported in tongue RMSs. We report a case of an eight-year-old boy who presented with a painless tongue mass, and the biopsy demonstrated RMS epithelioid type. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and showed peripherally enhancing mass with central cystic/necrotic component. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck showed involvement of the cervical lymph nodes, while metastatic workup was negative for malignancy. As the biopsy showed a positive margin, the patient underwent secondary resection. Moreover, he received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There was no evidence of the disease, and no metastasis was detected in a follow-up of three years. We also performed a literature review of pediatric tongue RMSs to assess the clinical presentation, histopathology, diagnosis, and management.
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Kebudi R, Ozdemir GN. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue: report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011; 28:60-4. [PMID: 20469976 DOI: 10.3109/08880011003749678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft tissue tumors in children. Head and neck is one of the most frequently affected site. Within the nonparameningeal, nonorbital head and neck region, rhabdomyosarcomas of the tongue are very rare. We present a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue. The child was treated with complete surgical resection and chemotherapy. He is followed up with no evidence of disease 6 months after termination of therapy. The literature on rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejin Kebudi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, and Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Hosokawa S, Takebayashi S, Mineta H, Suzuki K, Baba S. Undifferentiated sarcoma of the maxillary sinus: Report of a rare case in an adult. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009; 36:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fatusi OA, Ajike SO, Olateju SO, Adebayo AT, Gbolahan OO, Ogunmuyiwa SA. Clinico-epidemiological analysis of orofacial rhabdomyosarcoma in a Nigerian population. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38:256-60. [PMID: 19153030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm, with varying degrees of striated muscle cell differentiation and a relative predilection for the head and neck region. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical and histological patterns of RMS, to assess the sociodemographic profile of reported RMS cases, and to highlight the management challenges and outcomes of these cases in a country lacking resources such as Nigeria. Patients diagnosed with RMS, based on clinical and histological evaluation, and recorded in the cancer registry of two maxillofacial centres in Nigeria were reviewed. 21 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Their ages ranged from 24 days to 42 years. In all of them multiple anatomical sites were involved. The primary site of the lesion could not be determined. Embryonal and alveolar subtypes were mainly found in the maxilla. There was no statistically significant association between the site of the lesion and the histological type (p=0.39). The patients' age was statistically significantly associated with the histological type (p=0.008). Most patients reported at an advanced stage, contributing to the poor prognosis and management outcome of cases evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Fatusi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
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7
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Chi AC, Barnes JD, Budnick S, Agresta SV, Neville B. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillary gingiva. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1839-45. [PMID: 17760557 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of primitive mesenchyme exhibiting skeletal muscle differentiation. Oral rhabdomyosarcoma is rare and accounts for only 0.04% of all head and neck malignancies. METHODS A 33-year-old woman presented with an erythematous gingival mass involving the anterior maxillary gingiva. The lesion had been present for > or =13 months before presentation, and in recent months, it had become intermittently painful. RESULTS Clinical examination exhibited erythema and enlargement of the interdental papillae between the left maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor. The tissue was boggy and tender on palpation. Incisional biopsies were performed, and microscopic examination showed a cellular proliferation of spindle-shaped to ovoid cells with hyperchromatic, enlarged, and pleomorphic nuclei. Many of the tumor cells exhibited abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains showed the tumor cells to be positive for desmin, myogenin, and myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1). A diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was made. The patient was treated by surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy and radiation. The patient had no evidence of disease at a follow-up examination 1 month after completion of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Oral rhabdomyosarcoma can develop insidiously. Pain is a variable presenting symptom, and early lesions may be mistaken for benign neoplastic, inflammatory, or infectious processes. Over several decades, a multidisciplinary treatment approach that includes surgical removal if resectable, in combination with multiagent chemotherapy and possibly radiation therapy, has improved survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Chi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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8
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Ajayi OF, Adeyemo WL, Ladeinde AL, Ogunlewe MO, Omitola OG, Effiom OA, Arotiba GT. Malignant orofacial neoplasms in children and adolescents: a clinicopathologic review of cases in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71:959-63. [PMID: 17418424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the relative frequency of orofacial malignant neoplasm in children and adolescents. METHODS A retrospective review of malignant orofacial tumours in children and adolescents <or=19 years from January 1992 to December 2003 from the records of the Department of Oral Pathology and Biology of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria was carried out. All the cases were analysed for age, gender, site distribution and histologic types. RESULTS A total of 353 tumours and tumour-like lesions of the orofacial region were seen in patients <or=19 years during the period of the study. Of these, 47 (13.3%) were malignant tumours. This represented 3.3% (47 out of 1431) of all the tumours and tumour-like lesions seen during the period. The mean age (S.D.) of patients was 11.0 (+/-4.5) years (range, 2.5-19 years). Male-to-female ratio was 2.9:1. Burkitt's lymphoma (38.3%) was the most frequent malignant tumours. Lymphomas (53.2%) were the most common malignancy, followed by sarcomas (36.2%) and carcinomas (10.6%). Carcinomas exclusively affected patients in the 2nd decade of life and were predominantly glandular carcinomas. Osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were the most common sarcomas. Burkitt's lymphoma (72%) occurring mostly in the first decade of life was the most common lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Malignant neoplasm constituted 13.3% of orofacial tumours and tumour-like lesions in children and adolescent in our centre. In agreement with previous reports from Africa, Burkitt's lymphoma is the most common malignant tumour and carcinoma is relative rare in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseyi Folake Ajayi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria.
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9
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Shetty K, Tuft H. Dental management of the pediatric post radiation therapy—rhabdomyosarcoma patient: Case reports and review of literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooe.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Chigurupati R, Alfatooni A, Myall RWT, Hawkins D, Oda D. Orofacial rhabdomyosarcoma in neonates and young children: a review of literature and management of four cases. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:508-15. [PMID: 12110348 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive malignant skeletal muscle neoplasm arising from embryonal mesenchyme. It accounts for over 50% of all pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. The head and neck region is the most common site for this tumor in children. Neonatal presentation of this tumor is rare. We present the management of one neonatal case and three additional cases of orofacial RMS in children under the age of 7 years. All four patients were seen in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center (CHRMC) in Seattle between 1992-2000. Three of the four cases were alveolar RMS and one was botryoid sub-type of embryonal RMS. Three patients were treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, while the patient with botryoid RMS was treated with surgery and chemotherapy only. The patient with congenital RMS died at 2.5 years of age due to recurrent metastatic disease. The other three patients are alive without evidence of recurrent with a mean follow up was 5.5 years (range 2.5-8.5 years). We discuss the current management, diagnosis, biological behavior, histopathology, prognosis and survival of head and neck RMS in neonates and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chigurupati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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11
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Al-Khateeb T, Bataineh AB. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral and maxillofacial region in Jordanians: a retrospective analysis. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2002; 93:580-5. [PMID: 12075208 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2002.123860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the clinicopathologic features of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the oral and maxillofacial region in Jordanians. STUDY DESIGN Data were collected from records of patients treated between 1989 and 2000 at the Maxillofacial Unit of Jordan University of Science and Technology. The main outcome measures were age, gender, location, stage of disease, histopathologic type, treatment received, follow-up period, and eventual outcome. RESULTS Nine patients with RMS aged 4 to 17 years were found, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Six (67%) bony sites and 7 (78%) soft tissue sites were involved. The extent of disease was locoregional in 8 (89%) cases, nodal in 3 (33%) cases, and distant metastatic in 2 (22%) cases. The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study classification of clinical groups was as follows: 2 (22%) cases in stage II, 5 (56%) cases in stage III, and 2 (22%) cases in stage IV. The histopathologic types found were 6 (67%) embryonal, 2 (22%) alveolar, and 1 (11%) undifferentiated. Triple agent chemotherapy was used in the treatment of 8 cases, singly or in combination with surgery or radiotherapy. Two patients are still alive, and 5 patients have died of disease. CONCLUSIONS The clinicopathologic features of maxillofacial RMS in this group of Jordanians are different from those of people from other countries. Further studies are needed to have a better understanding of the behavior of RMS in the oral and maxillofacial area.
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12
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Sekhar MS, Desai S, Kumar GS. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma involving the jaws: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:1062-5. [PMID: 10981991 DOI: 10.1053/joms.2000.8754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Pandey M, Thomas G, Mathew A, Abraham EK, Somanathan T, Ramadas K, Iype EM, Ahamed IM, Sebastian P, Nair MK. Sarcoma of the oral and maxillofacial soft tissue in adults. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2000; 26:145-8. [PMID: 10744932 DOI: 10.1053/ejso.1999.0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sarcoma occurring in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue is rare. This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of oral soft tissue sarcoma and to record its natural history and survival. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the patients with histologically proven oral and maxillofacial soft tissue sarcoma treated at the Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Trivandrum, betweeen 1990-1998 was carried out. RESULTS During this period, ten cases of oral and maxillofacial sarcomas were registered. Three lesions were located on the cheek mucosa, two on the tongue and two on the mandibular alveolus, while there was one lesion each in the parotid region, maxilla and face (NOS). Mean age at presentation was 31.3+/-14.1 years (range 15-54 years). Seven of the patients (70%) were males. There were three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), three cases of spindle cell sarcoma and one case each of angiosarcoma, haemangioendothelioma, malignant schwannoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). All the patients were treated with surgery as a primary modality. Median follow-up time was 30 months (range 5-94 months). An overall srvival of 87.5% at 5 years was observed; however, 5-year disease free survival was 60.0% (95% CI 19.5-85.2). CONCLUSIONS Soft tissue sarcomas are of comparatively less frequent occurrence in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue than in other tissues. A good survival rate can be achieved by multimodality treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Fowler
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology Services, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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15
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Jund R, Leunig A, Hagedorn H, Nerlich A, Grevers G. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the nose in an elderly patient, case report and review of the literature. Auris Nasus Larynx 1998; 25:445-50. [PMID: 9853669 DOI: 10.1016/s0385-8146(98)00043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck is very rare in adults. We report on an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the nose, occuring in a 74-year-old female patient presenting with nasal congestion as the only clinical symptom. Suspected to be an amelanotic melanoma, further biopsies and histological examinations provided the correct diagnosis. She first underwent a course of chemotherapy which led to a partial shrinkage of the tumor mass which was followed by a complete resection of the residual tumor mass. Biologic behaviour of this tumor must be fully appreciated as treatment is interdisciplinary. Rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses not only in children, but also in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jund
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Klinikum Grosshadern, Germany
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17
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Pavithran K, Doval DC, Mukherjee G, Kannan V, Kumaraswamy SV, Bapsy PP. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity--report of eight cases. Acta Oncol 1998; 36:819-21. [PMID: 9482689 DOI: 10.3109/02841869709001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Pavithran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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18
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Kapadia SB, Dhir R, Fujii H, Dickman PS, Wollman MR, Johnson JT, Barnes L. Botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of Stensen's duct. Am J Otolaryngol 1996; 17:127-32. [PMID: 8820189 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0709(96)90009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S B Kapadia
- Department of Pathology, Presbyterian-University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA
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19
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Chen SY, Thakur A, Miller AS, Harwick RD. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity. Report of four cases. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1995; 80:192-201. [PMID: 7552885 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and pathologic findings of four cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues are described that include findings from immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Three cases occurred in children under 16 years of age and one in a 22-year-old. Included is a brief discussion on reported gene abnormalities that may contribute to neoplastic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa, USA
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20
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Doval DC, Kannan V, Acharya RS, Mukherjee G, Shenoy AM, Bapsy PP. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the tongue. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994; 32:183-6. [PMID: 8068593 DOI: 10.1016/0266-4356(94)90107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has a predilection for the head and neck region its occurrence in the tongue is uncommon. We report 2 cases of RMS of the tongue, 1 paediatric and 1 adult patient. The child who had RMS of the alveolar type involving anterior two-thirds of the tongue was treated with surgery and chemotherapy and is disease-free at 84 months of follow-up. The adult patient had locally extensive embryonal RMS of posterior third of the tongue, received chemotherapy and radiotherapy but died with progressive disease at 24 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Doval
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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21
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22
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Yoshihara T, Nabeshima M, Ishii T. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the buccal mucosa: a case report with immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic findings. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1994; 28:247-55. [PMID: 8157426 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5876(94)90019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most common soft-tissue neoplasms in children. We report a case of a 9-year-old female with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the buccal region with immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic findings. Under a light microscope, it was observed that the tumor was composed of small round or spindle-shaped cells with pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. They were immunoreactive for actin, myoglobin and desmin. With an electron microscope, it was found that most tumor cells contained filamentous structures and free ribosomes. Some of them showed typical myofilaments, M-bands and Z-lines. These findings were specific evidence of rhabdomyosarcoma. Twenty courses of VAC (vincristine, D-actinomycin and cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy were administered, followed by surgical resection of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshihara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan
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23
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Coene IJ, Schouwenburg PF, Voûte PA, Marion J, Burgers V, Hilgers FJ. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children. Clin Otolaryngol 1992; 17:291-6. [PMID: 1382002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1992.tb00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two children, 9 male and 13 female, with a non-orbital rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck, treated between 1970 and 1988, have been reviewed. Since 1972, treatment has consisted of combination chemotherapy, and where necessary radiotherapy and/or surgery. Complete clinical remission after initial chemotherapy was observed in 21 children. Six children were cured after primary treatment but 15 developed recurrent disease. Thirteen children had a parameningeal localized tumour, with eventual meningeal involvement in 5. Survival in this group was worse than in the non-meningeal group. Lymph node metastasis at first presentation (5 patients) had no influence on prognosis, whereas development of lymph node metastases during follow-up resulted in 100% mortality. All patients were retrospectively classified according to both the IRS-classification and TNM-descriptive system. No correlation with either system could be established. Fourteen of 15 children with recurrent disease were treated, 4 of whom were cured. Thus, 10 out of 22 (45%) children were long-term survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Coene
- Department of ENT, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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24
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Nakhleh RE, Swanson PE, Dehner LP. Juvenile (embryonal and alveolar) rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in adults. A clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. Cancer 1991; 67:1019-24. [PMID: 1991249 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910215)67:4<1019::aid-cncr2820670426>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sites in the head and neck region (orbit, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, etc.) are among the most frequent locations for juvenile (embryonal and alveolar) rhabdomyosarcomas in patients younger than 15 years; however, comparable neoplasms in adults are very uncommon. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 juvenile rhabdomyosarcomas in patients between the ages of 18 and 36 years is presented. There was a female:male ratio of 2:1. The orbit with or without contiguous paranasal sinus involvement, nasal cavity, sphenoid sinus, middle ear, and soft tissues of the neck and preauricular region were the primary sites. Seven tumors involved a parameningeal site and eight cases were alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas which together contributed to the adverse outcome. Only two patients were long-term, disease-free survivors. Six patients have died of tumor and two others are alive with persistent disease. Immunohistochemical study in 11 cases demonstrated reactivity for vimentin and muscle-specific actin (HHF-35) and desmin in ten cases. Juvenile rhabdomyosarcoma rarely presents in the head and neck of adults but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a small cell neoplasm in patients during the third and fourth decades of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Nakhleh
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
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Lazzaro B, Schwartz D, Lewis J, Weiss W. Rhabdomyosarcoma involving the oral cavity, mandible, and roots of the third molar: a clinical-pathologic correlation and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 48:72-7. [PMID: 2403591 DOI: 10.1016/0278-2391(90)90185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Lazzaro
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Bergamini JA, Nadimi H, Kuo PC. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the parapharyngeal space in an adult patient: an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989; 47:414-7. [PMID: 2926554 DOI: 10.1016/0278-2391(89)90349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyogenic malignancies occasionally challenge the diagnostic acumen of many pathologists. The diverse histologic patterns of RMS can range from the somewhat undifferentiated primitive to the bizarre, pleomorphic varieties. These neoplasms can be highly lethal and, until recently, were resistant to even the most aggressive surgical management. The grave prognosis for patients with RMS has remarkably improved however, as a result of careful clinical staging, awareness of histologic features and immunohistochemical techniques for identification, newer techniques in defining the extent of the disease, and multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical methods with specific antibodies, as used in this case, have proved to be the only definitive method to identify this variant subclass of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bergamini
- Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153
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Abstract
Oral rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was studied by analysis of eight such cases which presented over a 25-year period. Rhabdomyosarcoma was the fourth most common oral sarcoma (7.5%) from this period after osteosarcoma (32%), fibrosarcoma (19%), and chondrosarcoma (9%). In patients younger than 20 years, RMS was the second most common sarcoma (six cases) after osteosarcoma (ten cases). Combined analysis with 113 further cases documented in the literature showed the majority of cases (71.2%) were embryonal. The alveolar subtype was considered a distant second in frequency (12.3%) even though the pleomorphic subtype was apparently more common (16.4%). However, the pleomorphic cases were diagnosed before histologic criteria were established to discern this entity from other pleomorphic sarcomas and this data is probably unreliable. Site predilections were found for the soft palate, maxillary sinus and alveolus, posterior mandibular region, cheek and lip and possibly tongue. The gingiva and floor of mouth were uncommon sites. There was a predilection for occurrence in the first two decades with a decline in the third decade. Documentation of recent cases treated with a multidisciplinary approach indicated that lesions in the oral soft tissues have a good prognosis; 17 of 21 such cases showed no evidence of disease after a mean follow-up period of 7.2 years (SD = 4.4). In contrast, four of five cases in the posterior mandible resulted in death after a mean period of 1.1 years (SD = 0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peters
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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