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A comparison of the Grass strobe and new LED photic stimulator for paediatric electroretinogram recordings. Doc Ophthalmol 2020; 142:185-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-020-09793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Comparison Of Xenon And LED Light Sources In Electroretinography And Visual Evoked Potential Measurements. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.472427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Marenna S, Castoldi V, d'Isa R, Marco C, Comi G, Leocani L. Semi-invasive and non-invasive recording of visual evoked potentials in mice. Doc Ophthalmol 2019; 138:169-179. [PMID: 30840173 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-019-09680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are used to assess visual function in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases. VEP recording with epidural screw electrodes is a common method to study visual function in rodents, despite being an invasive procedure that can damage the tissue under the skull. The present study was performed to test a semi-invasive (epicranial) and a non-invasive (epidermal) VEP recording technique, comparing them with the classic epidural acquisition method. METHODS Flash VEPs were recorded from C57BL/6 mice on three separate days within 2 weeks. Waveforms, latencies and amplitudes of the components were compared between the three different methods, utilizing coefficient of repeatability, coefficient of variation and intersession standard deviation to evaluate reproducibility. RESULTS While epidural electrodes succeeded in recording two negative peaks (N1 and N2), epicranial and epidermal electrodes recorded a single peak (N1). Statistical indexes showed a comparable reproducibility between the three techniques, with a greater stability of N1 latency recorded through epicranial electrodes. Moreover, N1 amplitudes recorded with the new less-invasive methods were more reproducible compared to the invasive gold-standard technique. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the reliability of semi- and non-invasive VEP recordings, which can be useful to evaluate murine models of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marenna
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Castoldi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele d'Isa
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cursi Marco
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Handley SE, Thompson DA, Prise KL, Liasis A. ERGs on the brain: the benefits of simultaneous flash retinal and cortical responses in paediatric cerebral visual impairment. Doc Ophthalmol 2018; 136:223-227. [PMID: 29725862 PMCID: PMC6061114 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-018-9631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To highlight the importance of simultaneous flash electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) recording to differentiate a true flash VEP response from an artefact caused by the intrusion of the ERG on a mid-frontal reference electrode in cases of severe cerebral visual impairment (CVI). Methods We report an observational case series of four children with severe CVI who underwent simultaneous flash ERG and VEP recordings. Flash VEPs from Oz–Fz and lower lid skin ERGs referred to Fz were recorded simultaneously to Grass intensity setting 4 flash stimulation. Results In all cases, atypical, but reproducible VEPs were evident. Comparison of the timing and waveform of the VEPs and ERGs showed the occipital responses were inverted ERGs and no true flash VEP was evident. Conclusions While ISCEV and neurophysiology standards do not require the simultaneous recording of the flash ERG with the VEP, these cases highlight the usefulness of this non-invasive technique particularly in suspected paediatric cerebral visual impairment to differentiate a true VEP from an artefact caused by ERG contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian E Handley
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dorothy A Thompson
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Katrina L Prise
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Alki Liasis
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Cholinesterase inhibition and depression of the photic after discharge of flash evoked potentials following acute or repeated exposures to a mixture of carbaryl and propoxur. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:332-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Herr DW, Graff JE, Moser VC, Crofton KM, Little PB, Morgan DL, Sills RC. Inhalational Exposure to Carbonyl Sulfide Produces Altered Brainstem Auditory and Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials in Fischer 344N Rats. Toxicol Sci 2006; 95:118-35. [PMID: 17079700 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS), a chemical listed by the original Clean Air Act, was tested for neurotoxicity by a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency collaborative investigation. Previous studies demonstrated that COS produced cortical and brainstem lesions and altered auditory neurophysiological responses to click stimuli. This paper reports the results of expanded neurophysiological examinations that were an integral part of the previously published experiments (Morgan et al., 2004, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 200, 131-145; Sills et al., 2004, Toxicol. Pathol. 32, 1-10). Fisher 334N rats were exposed to 0, 200, 300, or 400 ppm COS for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks, or to 0, 300, or 400 ppm COS for 2 weeks using whole-body inhalation chambers. After treatment, the animals were studied using neurophysiological tests to examine: peripheral nerve function, somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) (tail/hindlimb and facial cortical regions), brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs), and visual flash-evoked potentials (2-week study). Additionally, the animals exposed for 2 weeks were examined using a functional observational battery (FOB) and response modification audiometry (RMA). Peripheral nerve function was not altered for any exposure scenario. Likewise, amplitudes of SEPs recorded from the cerebellum were not altered by treatment with COS. In contrast, amplitudes and latencies of SEPs recorded from cortical areas were altered after 12-week exposure to 400 ppm COS. The SEP waveforms were changed to a greater extent after forelimb stimulation than tail stimulation in the 2-week study. The most consistent findings were decreased amplitudes of BAER peaks associated with brainstem regions after exposure to 400 ppm COS. Additional BAER peaks were affected after 12 weeks, compared to 2 weeks of treatment, indicating that additional regions of the brainstem were damaged with longer exposures. The changes in BAERs were observed in the absence of altered auditory responsiveness in FOB or RMA. This series of experiments demonstrates that COS produces changes in brainstem auditory and cortical somatosensory neurophysiological responses that correlate with previously described histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Herr
- Neurotoxicology Division, MD B105-05, NHEERL, ORD, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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Herr DW, Graff JE, Derr-Yellin EC, Crofton KM, Kodavanti PR. Flash-, somatosensory-, and peripheral nerve-evoked potentials in rats perinatally exposed to Aroclor 1254. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2001; 23:591-601. [PMID: 11792527 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(01)00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed to 0, 1 or 6 mg/kg/day of Aroclor 1254 (A1254; Lot no. 124-191), a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from gestation day (GD) 6 through postnatal day (PND) 21. At 128-140 days of age, male and female offspring were tested for visual-, somatosensory- and peripheral nerve-evoked potentials. The evoked responses increased in amplitude with larger stimulus intensities, and gender differences were detected for some endpoints. In contrast, developmental exposure to A1254 failed to significantly affect the electrophysiological measures. A subset of the animals were tested for low-frequency hearing dysfunction using reflex modification audiometry (RMA). An elevated threshold for a 1-kHz tone was observed, replicating previous findings of A1254-induced auditory deficits [Hear. Res. 144 (2000) 196; Toxicol. Sci. 45(1) (1998) 94; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 135(1) (1995) 77.]. These findings indicate no statistically significant changes in visual-, somatosensory- or peripheral nerve-evoked potentials following developmental exposure to doses of A1254 that produce behavioral hearing deficits. However, subtle changes in the function of the visual or somatosensory systems cannot be disproved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Herr
- Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Hamm CW, Ali JS, Herr DW. A system for simultaneous multiple subject, multiple stimulus modality, and multiple channel collection and analysis of sensory evoked potentials. J Neurosci Methods 2000; 102:95-108. [PMID: 11040406 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A system has been developed for collecting sensory evoked potentials simultaneously from multiple channels for multiple subjects at up to 80 kHz sample rate per channel. Sample rates up to 200 kHz are available for four or less chambers and a single channel per chamber. A variety of visual, somatosensory, and auditory stimuli may be presented singly or simultaneously. Collected waveforms are associated with searchable text (metadata) to allow convenient selection from a relational database. Multiple waveforms can then be easily grouped for analysis and processed. Results can be exported to other software for further graphics or statistical processing. Scripting and event logging are available to provide automation and improve data confidence. Sample data are presented from control animals for each of the sensory modalities for comparison with historical data collected from other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Hamm
- Neurotoxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Geller AM, Bushnell PJ, Rice DC. Behavioral and electrophysiological estimates of visual thresholds in awake rats treated with 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2000; 22:521-31. [PMID: 10974590 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(00)00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Visual thresholds for luminance increments were obtained behaviorally and electrophysiologically from rats exposed to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) during development. Male Long-Evans rats exposed to 0, 0.25, or 1.0 microg/kg/day of 3,3',4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) through gestation and weaning were trained as adults to perform a signal detection task. Estimates of threshold were derived from psychometric functions for each animal relating the proportion of hits to signal intensity. Thresholds derived under three luminance conditions did not differ significantly among the PCB-treated groups. After behavioral testing was completed, flash-evoked potentials were recorded from dark-adapted awake animals. Peak amplitudes increased linearly over approximately 3 log units of intensity. Extrapolations to 0 amplitude along the linear portion of the amplitude-log intensity functions produced estimates of absolute threshold of -5.44 to -5.53 log cd/m(2)-s. Waveforms recorded from awake animals had a large late negative component that was absent in previously reported anesthetized preparations. Developmental exposure to PCB 126 had no significant effect on absolute threshold or peak amplitudes and latencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Geller
- Neurotoxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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