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Abstract
Achyranthes root is a crude drug used as diuretic, tonic and remedy for blood stasis. Characteristic oleanolic acid saponins with a dicarboxylic acid moiety have been isolated as one of the representative constituents of this crude drug. This review focuses on the triterpene saponin constituents, especially those with a characteristic dicarboxylic acid moiety, of A. bidentata and A. fauriei. Several groups isolated the saponins and different names were given to one compound in some cases. The names of the compounds are sorted out and the stereochemistry of the dicarboxylic acid moieties are summarized. HPLC analysis of the composition of the saponin constituents and the effect of processing and extraction conditions on the composition are reviewed. Biological activities of the saponin constituents are also summarized.
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Othman A, Amen Y, Shimizu K. A novel acylated flavonol tetraglycoside and rare oleanane saponins with a unique acetal-linked dicarboxylic acid substituent from the xero-halophyte Bassia indica. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104907. [PMID: 33892125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest and particularly the economic significance of halophytic plants has been highly demanding due to the medicinal and nutraceutical potential of its bioactive compounds. A xero-halophyte Bassia indica is deemed to be a very cheap source of natural entities without chemical or biological investigation. In this context, a new acylated flavonol tetraglycoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-trans-feruloyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), together with rare occurring flavonol triglycoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), were isolated from the aqueous methanol extract of the aerial parts of B. indica. The study also reported an optimal separation and characterization of a new seco-glycosidic oleanane saponin with 2'R,3'S stereocenters, identified as (2'R,3'S)-3-O-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(2"-O-glycolyl)-oxo-propionic acid-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid (17), in addition to its derivative, 3-O-[2'-(2"-O-glycolyl)-glyoxylyl-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid (16). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated based on 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-MS analysis, as well as comparing with similar derivatives published in the literature. Furthermore, thirteen known compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1), vanillic acid (2), o-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), р-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (5), methyl caffeate (6), caffeic acid (7), quercetin (8), uracil (9), thymidine (10), tachioside (11), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (13). The anticholinesterase activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Othman
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Hussain M, Debnath B, Qasim M, Bamisile BS, Islam W, Hameed MS, Wang L, Qiu D. Role of Saponins in Plant Defense Against Specialist Herbivores. Molecules 2019; 24:E2067. [PMID: 31151268 PMCID: PMC6600540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a very destructive crucifer-specialized pest that has resulted in significant crop losses worldwide. DBM is well attracted to glucosinolates (which act as fingerprints and essential for herbivores in host plant recognition) containing crucifers such as wintercress, Barbarea vulgaris (Brassicaceae) despite poor larval survival on it due to high-to-low concentration of saponins and generally to other plants in the genus Barbarea. B. vulgaris build up resistance against DBM and other herbivorous insects using glucosinulates which are used in plant defense. Aside glucosinolates, Barbarea genus also contains triterpenoid saponins, which are toxic to insects and act as feeding deterrents for plant specialist herbivores (such as DBM). Previous studies have found interesting relationship between the host plant and secondary metabolite contents, which indicate that attraction or resistance to specialist herbivore DBM, is due to higher concentrations of glucosinolates and saponins in younger leaves in contrast to the older leaves of Barbarea genus. As a response to this phenomenon, herbivores as DBM has developed a strategy of defense against these plant biochemicals. Because there is a lack of full knowledge in understanding bioactive molecules (such as saponins) role in plant defense against plant herbivores. Thus, in this review, we discuss the role of secondary plant metabolites in plant defense mechanisms against the specialist herbivores. In the future, trials by plant breeders could aim at transferring these bioactive molecules against herbivore to cash crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3100058, China.
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Muhammad Salman Hameed
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, China.
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Liu Z, Zheng X, Wang Y, Tang M, Chen S, Zhang F, Li L, Zhang C, Sun Y. Lignans and isoflavonoids from the stems of Pisonia umbellifera. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16383-16391. [PMID: 35542222 PMCID: PMC9080244 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve new compounds including four isoflavonolignans (1a/1b and 2a/2b), two neolignans (3a/3b), and six isoflavonoids (5-10), together with seven known compounds (4 and 11-16) were isolated from the stems of Pisonia umbellifera. The structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and ECD calculation methods. Compounds 1-3 were present as enantiomers that were successfully separated by chiral HPLC. Compounds 1a/1b and 2a/2b are the first examples of isoflavonolignans with a pyranoid ring linking up the isoflavonoid and the monolignol from nature. A putative biosynthetic pathway for the isoflavonolignans was deduced. The anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities for all compounds were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 PR China
| | - Xilong Zheng
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medical Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Wanning 571100 PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 PR China
| | - Mengyue Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 PR China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 PR China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 PR China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 PR China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 PR China
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Poot-Pech MA, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Ballina-Gómez HS, Gamboa-Angulo MM, Reyes-Ramírez A. Olfactory Response and Host Plant Feeding of the Central American Locust Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons Walker to Common Plants in a Gregarious Zone. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:382-388. [PMID: 26957085 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Central American locust (CAL) Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons Walker is one of the most harmful plant pests in the Yucatan Peninsula, where an important gregarious zone is located. The olfactory response and host plant acceptance by the CAL have not been studied in detail thus far. In this work, the olfactory response of the CAL to odor of various plant species was evaluated using an olfactometer test system. In addition, the host plant acceptance was assessed by the consumption of leaf area. Results showed that the CAL was highly attracted to odor of Pisonia aculeata. Evaluation of host plant acceptance showed that the CAL fed on Leucaena glauca and Waltheria americana, but not on P. aculeata or Guazuma ulmifolia. Analysis of leaf thickness, and leaf content of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) showed that the CAL was attracted to plant species with low leaf C content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Poot-Pech
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Km 16.3, antigua carretera Mérida-Motul, C.P. 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, México
| | - E Ruiz-Sánchez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Km 16.3, antigua carretera Mérida-Motul, C.P. 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, México.
| | - H S Ballina-Gómez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Km 16.3, antigua carretera Mérida-Motul, C.P. 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, México
| | - M M Gamboa-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - A Reyes-Ramírez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Km 16.3, antigua carretera Mérida-Motul, C.P. 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, México
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Mohanta BC, Harigaya Y. Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2327-580. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Severi J, Fertig O, Plitzko I, Vilegas W, Hamburger M, Potterat O. Oleanane Saponins and Glycerogalactolipids from the Leaves of Guapira graciliflora. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhu S, Li Y, Yu B. Synthesis of Betavulgaroside III, a Representative Triterpene seco-Glycoside. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4978-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China, and State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China, and State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China, and State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H. Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:275-97. [PMID: 17141815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are a structurally diverse class of compounds occurring in many plant species, which are characterized by a skeleton derived of the 30-carbon precursor oxidosqualene to which glycosyl residues are attached. Traditionally, they are subdivided into triterpenoid and steroid glycosides, or into triterpenoid, spirostanol, and furostanol saponins. In this study, the structures of saponins are reviewed and classified based on their carbon skeletons, the formation of which follows the main pathways for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and steroids. In this way, 11 main classes of saponins were distinguished: dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and steroids. The dammaranes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, ursanes, and steroids are further divided into 16 subclasses, because their carbon skeletons are subjected to fragmentation, homologation, and degradation reactions. With this systematic classification, the relationship between the type of skeleton and the plant origin was investigated. Up to five main classes of skeletons could exist within one plant order, but the distribution of skeletons in the plant kingdom did not seem to be order- or subclass-specific. The oleanane skeleton was the most common skeleton and is present in most orders of the plant kingdom. For oleanane type saponins, the kind of substituents (e.g. -OH, =O, monosaccharide residues, etc.) and their position of attachment to the skeleton were reviewed. Carbohydrate chains of 18 monosaccharide residues can be attached to the oleanane skeleton, most commonly at the C3 and/or C17 atom. The kind and positions of the substituents did not seem to be plant order-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Kumar S, Biswas S, Mandal D, Roy HN, Chakraborty S, Kabir SN, Banerjee S, Mondal NB. Chenopodium album seed extract: a potent sperm-immobilizing agent both in vitro and in vivo. Contraception 2006; 75:71-8. [PMID: 17161128 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aqueous decoction of Chenopodium album seeds (CAD) was assessed for its sperm-immobilizing and contraceptive efficacy in laboratory mammals. METHOD Spermicidal efficacy was evaluated in vitro by a modified Sander-Cramer test. The mode of spermicidal action was assessed by (a) supravital and double fluoroprobe staining of sperm, (b) hypoosmotic swelling tests and (c) transmission electron microscopy. Contraceptive efficacy was evaluated by intrauterine and vaginal application of CAD in rats and rabbits, respectively, followed by their mating and evaluation of pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS The minimum effective concentration of CAD that induced instantaneous immobilization of rat spermatozoa in vitro was 2 mg/mL. The mechanism of CAD action involved disintegration of sperm plasma membrane and dissolution of acrosomal cap causing sperm death. Fertilization of oocytes and establishment of implantation were prevented in the uterine horn that was administered with CAD, while these events occurred unhindered in the untreated contralateral side. In rabbit, intravaginal application of CAD significantly blocked the establishment of pregnancy. CONCLUSION CAD possesses appreciable spermicidal potential, which may be explored as an effector constituent of vaginal contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabanti Kumar
- Steroid and Terpenoid Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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Alabdul Magid A, Voutquenne L, Moretti C, Long C, Lavaud C. Triterpenoid saponins from the fruits of Caryocar glabrum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:196-205. [PMID: 16499316 DOI: 10.1021/np050336s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one new triterpenoid saponins, named caryocarosides (1-21), glycosides of 2beta-hydroxyoleanolic acid, hederagenin, bayogenin, and gypsogenic acid, have been isolated from the fruits of Caryocar glabrum along with nine known triterpenoid saponins (22-30) that are described for the first time from a plant in the Caryocaraceae. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR techniques ((13)C, COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY experiments), ESIMS, and acid hydrolysis. The isolated compounds could be classified into two series: glucosides (1-8, 22, 27, and 30) derived from the 3-O-monoglucoside and glucuronides (9-21, 23-26, 28, and 29) derived from the 3-O-monoglucuronide. In 22 of the saponins (1-8, 12-22, and 24-26), a galactose moiety was linked to C-3 of a glucuronic acid or a glucose moiety. The galactose was substituted in position 3 by a second galactose unit (6, 7, 20, and 21) or by a xylose unit (8). Seven saponins (4, 5, 16-19, and 26) were found to be bidesmosides with one glucose unit linked to C-28 of the aglycon. The hemolytic activity of the major saponins (2, 3, 5, 12-15, 17, 24, and 28) was measured on sheep erythrocytes in order to establish structure-activity relationships based on the type of sugar attached to the aglycon and on the structure of this aglycon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmagid Alabdul Magid
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, FRE CNRS 2715, IFR 53 Biomolécules, Bâtiment 18, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Mitaine-Offer AC, Marouf A, Hanquet B, Birlirakis N, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Two triterpene saponins from Achyranthes bidentata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1492-4. [PMID: 11724247 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bidentatoside II(1) and chikusetsusaponin V methyl ester (2) are two further triterpene saponins isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata. Chemical and homo and heteronuclear two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques have led to the structural elucidation of 1 which is a new seco-glycoside of oleanolic acid and the full 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments of 2. These compounds did not show any potentiation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin in the HT 29 human colon cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mitaine-Offer
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Unité MIB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Hannedouche S, Stanislas E, Moulis C, Fourasté I. Iridoids from Caryopteris x clandonensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 54:807-809. [PMID: 11014270 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In continuation of our phytochemical studies on Caryopteris x clandonensis (Lamiaceae), three further iridoids were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stems. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR and MS analysis as a C-6 epimer of 8-O-acetylharpagide (6-epi-8-O-acetylharpagide), a derivative of harpagide which contained the unusual feature of a 3',4' seco-glycopyranosyl moiety (clandonoside II) and a methyl cetal of 8-O-acetylharpagide aglucone hydrate named clandonensine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hannedouche
- Laboratoire Pharmacophores Redox, Phytochimie et Radiobiologie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
The isolation and spectral data of three saponins from the roots of Chenopodium album L. are reported. One of them is a seco-glycoside analogous to compounds that were previously found in species belonging to Caryophyllales.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lavaud
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UPRESA 6013, Faculté de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51096, Reims cedex, France
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