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Takahashi K, Kramar JA, Farkas N, Takahata K, Misumi I, Sugawara K, Gonda S, Ehara K. Interlaboratory comparison of nanoparticle size measurements between NMIJ and NIST using two different types of dynamic light scattering instruments. METROLOGIA 2019; 56:10.1088/1681-7575/ab3073. [PMID: 32116391 PMCID: PMC7047828 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ab3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The question of how to relate particle sizes measured using a fixed-angle dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument with those measured using a multi-angle DLS instrument is addressed. A series of nearly monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) particles with nominal diameters of 100 nm, 70 nm, 50 nm, and 30 nm were measured using two different types of DLS instruments: one owned by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) of the multi-angle type and the other owned by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the fixed-angle type. The mean particle size of the PSL particles was measured using the multi-angle-type instrument at various scattering angles and at various concentrations of particle suspension. These data were used to establish the functional dependence of the measured particle size on the scattering angle and particle concentration through the least-squares fitting method. The established function was then used to predict the mean particle sizes that would have been obtained if the same scattering angle and particle concentrations as those used at NIST had been selected at NMIJ. The mean particle sizes obtained at NIST and at NMIJ agreed quite well for all four PSL particle samples after compensating for the angle and concentration differences. The result of this study clearly demonstrates that consideration for the dependence of measured particle sizes on the scattering angle and particle concentration is crucial in intra-method comparisons of mean particle sizes obtained using DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayori Takahashi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - John A. Kramar
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | | | - Keiji Takahata
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Ichiko Misumi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sugawara
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gonda
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Kensei Ehara
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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Effects of Angular Dependency of Particulate Light Scattering Intensity on Determination of Samples with Bimodal Size Distributions Using Dynamic Light Scattering Methods. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090708. [PMID: 30201906 PMCID: PMC6163781 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The angular dependency of light scattering intensity from differently sized particles strongly influences the apparent particle size distribution, as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. Manufactured nanomaterials have size distributions more or less; therefore, the effect of detecting the angular dependency of the apparent size distribution by DLS is crucial. Commercial DLS instruments typically have two different types of detector angular position. The first is a detector angled at 90°, and the other is a backscattering angle detector. We therefore investigated the coverage and angular dependency when determining the relative concentrations of nanoparticles in polystyrene latex samples with a bimodal size distribution, using DLS methods both experimentally and theoretically. We used five differently sized polystyrene latex particles (one was a 70-nm nanoparticle and the others were various submicron-sized particles) in a variety of mixtures (the ratio of the difference of particle sizes ranged from approximately 2 to 7) to investigate the coverage and angular dependency of the recognition of the relative concentration ratio. In the case of size difference of approximately a factor of 2 or 3 between the two mixed particles (one was fixed at 70 nm), for DLS measurements at light scattering detector angles ranging from 60° to 150°, the homodyne photon correlation functions were approximately straight lines for mixtures of two differently sized polystyrene latex particles. The straight homodyne photon correlation functions were caused by the relatively strong light scattering from larger submicron particles masking the weaker light scattering from the smaller nanoparticles. As a result, DLS analysis could not recognize the relative concentration of nanoparticles in the mixture. In contrast to these samples, for mixtures of two differently sized polystyrene latex particles (one was 70 nm in size) with a size difference of a factor of 5, the homodyne correlation functions displayed an obvious curve for angles larger than 120°. This curve reflected an appropriate relative concentration ratio for the two differently sized polystyrene latex particles. Furthermore, for a mixture of two differently sized particles (one was again 70 nm) with size differences of a factor of 7, the homodyne correlation functions showed a clearly curved shape for detector angles larger than 90°, and yielded appropriate relative concentration ratios for the two different sizes of polystyrene latex particles. These observations were supported by theoretical investigation using Mie theory and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation measurements with a multi-angle light scattering detector. Our investigation is crucial for achieving some degree of concordance on the determination of the size distribution of particles using DLS methods in industrial and academic fields.
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Takahashi K, Ohuchi S, Saito K, Hirasawa M, Sakurai H. Simultaneous determination of the size and concentration of fine bubbles in water by laser-light scattering. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:225-229. [PMID: 29328168 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of nanoscale fine bubbles in water is an innovative technology, but no precise method for simultaneously measuring the size and concentration of such bubbles had previously been developed. We have developed a method for simultaneously determining the size and concentration of fine bubbles in water by a light-scattering technique. Dynamic light scattering gives the diffusion constant and particle size of fine bubbles, whereas static light scattering provides their concentration or molar mass. Static light scattering also provides the radius of gyration of the bubbles, thereby providing a means for validating measurements of the sizes of the fine bubbles.
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Oyamada K, Terao K, Suwa M, Kitamura S, Sato T. Lyotropic Liquid Crystallinity of Amylose Tris(alkylcarbamates): Cholesteric and Smectic Phase Formation in Different Solvents. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Oyamada
- Department of Macromolecular Science,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ken Terao
- Department of Macromolecular Science,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayori Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai,
599-8531, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Accurate Size and Size-Distribution Determination of Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles in Aqueous Medium Using Dynamic Light Scattering and Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation with Multi-Angle Light Scattering. NANOMATERIALS 2012; 2:15-30. [PMID: 28348293 PMCID: PMC5327882 DOI: 10.3390/nano2010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate determination of the intensity-average diameter of polystyrene latex (PS-latex) by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was carried out through extrapolation of both the concentration of PS-latex and the observed scattering angle. Intensity-average diameter and size distribution were reliably determined by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AFFFF) using multi-angle light scattering (MALS) with consideration of band broadening in AFFFF separation. The intensity-average diameter determined by DLS and AFFFF-MALS agreed well within the estimated uncertainties, although the size distribution of PS-latex determined by DLS was less reliable in comparison with that determined by AFFFF-MALS.
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Takahashi K, Kato H, Kinugasa S. Development of a standard method for nanoparticle sizing by using the angular dependence of dynamic light scattering. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:751. [PMID: 21747185 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A standard method for nanoparticle sizing based on the angular dependence of dynamic light scattering was developed. The dependences of the diffusion coefficients for aqueous suspensions of polystyrene latex on the concentration and scattering angle were accurately measured by using a high-resolution dynamic light-scattering instrument. Precise measurements of the short-time correlation function at seven scattering angles and five concentrations were made for suspensions of polystyrene latex particles with diameters from 30 to 100 nm. The apparent diffusion coefficients obtained at various angles and concentrations showed properties characteristic of polystyrene latex particles with electrostatic interactions. A simulation was used to calculate a dynamic structure factor representing the long-range interactions between particles. Extrapolations to infinite dilution and to low angles gave accurate particle sizes by eliminating the effects of long-range interactions. The resulting particle sizes were consistent with those measured by using a differential mobility analyzer and those obtained by pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayori Takahashi
- Polymer Standards Section, Materials Characterization Division, National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Light scattering study on the dynamic behaviour of cellulose inclusion complex in LiOH/urea aqueous solution. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li W, Wang Q, Cui SW, Burchard W, Yada R. Carbanilation of cereal β-glucans for molecular weight determination and conformational studies. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1434-41. [PMID: 17507000 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cereal beta-glucans can form aggregates in aqueous solution. The presence of aggregates in cereal beta-glucan solutions led to inaccurate determination of molecular weights and it was believed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding caused the aggregation. To eliminate aggregates, a carbanilation method for molecular weight determination of cereal beta-glucans was developed. Wheat beta-glucan samples were selected for investigation. The carbanilation method can prevent intermolecular hydrogen bonding by blocking hydroxyl groups with phenyl carbamate groups. The carbanilates of cereal beta-glucans were prepared by the reaction of cereal beta-glucans with phenylisocyanate catalyzed by DMSO and pyridine. To avoid degradation during the carbanilation reaction, relatively mild conditions were used, which led to incomplete substitution (DS: approximately 2). However, after the carbanilation reaction, the carbanilates dissolved completely in 1,4-dioxane solution without any detectable aggregates, which allowed accurate molecular weight determination. The degree of substitution (DS) of carbanilates was determined by both a nitrogen content method and an FT-IR method. The FT-IR method proved to be the more effective for DS estimation. Using this method, the converted molecular weights of cereal beta-glucans were in good agreement with the results measured in 0.5M NaOH solution, which previously was shown to be a good solvent for cereal beta-glucans. After the carbanilation reaction, conformational changes of carbanilates were studied by static and dynamic light scattering techniques. The fractal dimension (d(f)=2.27) and the structure sensitive parameters (rho >2) suggested a porous globular structure for partially carbanilated beta-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Food Research Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 5C9
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Yanagisawa M, Isogai A. SEC−MALS−QELS Study on the Molecular Conformation of Cellulose in LiCl/Amide Solutions. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:1258-65. [PMID: 15877340 DOI: 10.1021/bm049386m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The SEC-MALS-QELS (size-exclusion chromatography equipped with multiangle light scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering detectors) method using lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) and LiCl/1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (LiCl/DMI) as mobile phases was applied to cellulose and cellulose tricarbanilate (CTC) samples with various average degree of polymerization (DP) values. Molecular conformations of cellulose and CTC in the solvents were then discussed and compared on the basis of the relationships between the radii of gyration (R(g,z) or S(2)(z)(1/2)), the hydrodynamic radii (R(h,z)), and weight-average DP (DP(w)) or the contour lengths (L(w)). The Benoit-Doty theory for wormlike polymer chains was applied to the R(g) vs L(w) data obtained, and the theoretical curves with Kuhn segment lengths l(K) of around 18 nm were found to fit the data of both cellulose and CTC molecules in the solvents. It was concluded from the obtained results that both cellulose and CTC molecules have conformations essentially identical to each other in the solvents; they behave as typical semiflexible chains in good solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yanagisawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Hanson ET, Borsali R, Pecora R. Dynamic Light Scattering and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Ternary Rod/Coil/Solvent Systems. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001857j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - R. Borsali
- LCPO-CNRS-ENSCPB-Bordeaux University (UMR5629), Avenue Pey-Berland, BP 108-33402 Talence Cedex, France
| | - R. Pecora
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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Zhang Y, Douglas JF, Ermi BD, Amis EJ. Influence of counterion valency on the scattering properties of highly charged polyelectrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1336148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Tsunashima Y, Hattori K. Substituent Distribution in Cellulose Acetates: Its Control and the Effect on Structure Formation in Solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 228:279-286. [PMID: 10926467 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Architecture-regulated cellulose derivatives were prepared by regioselective substitution of C-2, -3, and -6 position hydroxyls in cellulose by O-acetyls or trityls. Their dynamic structures formed in polar solvents were compared with those by the commercial cellulose acetates where the distribution of hydroxyls and O-acetyls was nearly random in the chain. It was found that the difference in the chain architecture induces a large difference in the chain conformation, the solubility, and the clustering mechanism and structures; i.e., they changed with solvent quality, concentration, temperature, strength of external field, and so on. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsunashima
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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Tsunashima Y, Kawanishi H, Nomura R, Horii F. Influence of Long-Range Interactions on Diffusion Behavior in Semidilute Solution: Dynamics of Cellulose Diacetate in Quiescent State. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9902145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Kawanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nomura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Horii
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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14
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Kojro Z. Normalization and statistical noise level in the normalized autocorrelation function. Compensated normalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/24/5/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kawanishi H, Tsunashima Y, Horii F. A nest of structures in dynamics of cellulose diacetate in N,N-dimethylacetamide in quiescent solution state studied by dynamic light scattering. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Einfeldt L, Klemm D. The Control of Cellulose Biosynthesis byAcetobacter Xylinumin View of Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution Part I: Change of Molecular Weight of Bacterial Cellulose by Simple Variation of Culture Conditions1. J Carbohydr Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309708007341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Herning T, Djabourov M, Leblond J, Takerkart G. Conformation of gelatin chains in aqueous solutions: 2. A quasi-elastic light scattering study. POLYMER 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(91)90144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gerharz B, Meier G, Fischer EW. The dynamics of binary mixtures of nonpolymeric viscoelastic liquids as studied by quasielastic light scattering. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kube O, Wendt E, Springer J. Numerical evaluation of screening length and anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering of polystyrene in benzene. POLYMER 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(87)90003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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