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El Khaoui S, Talha L, Khatouri M, Ahfir R, Naji M, Filali M. Relaxation modes in a smart system: weakly charged microemulsion and polyelectrolyte. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2075755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. El Khaoui
- LPAIS Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Atlas, Morocco
| | - L. Talha
- LPAIS Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Atlas, Morocco
| | - M. Khatouri
- LPAIS Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Atlas, Morocco
| | - R. Ahfir
- LPAIS Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Atlas, Morocco
| | - M. Naji
- LPAIS Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Atlas, Morocco
| | - M. Filali
- LPAIS Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès-Atlas, Morocco
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2
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Artykulnyi O, Shibaev A, Avdeev M, Ivankov O, Bulavin L, Petrenko V, Philippova O. Structural investigations of poly(ethylene glycol)-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid complexes in aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Sitar S, Aseyev V, Žagar E, Kogej K. Chain dynamics and intermolecular association in dilute aqueous solutions of isotactic and atactic Poly(Methacrylic acid): Effect of NaCl concentration. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Gupta AK, Natarajan U. Structure and dynamics of atactic Na+-poly(acrylic) acid (PAA) polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution in dilute, semi-dilute and concentrated regimes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1608987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Upendra Natarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, India
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5
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Jia D, Muthukumar M. Effect of Salt on the Ordinary-Extraordinary Transition in Solutions of Charged Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5886-5896. [PMID: 30896938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using dynamic light scattering technique, we address the role of added salt at higher concentrations on the "ordinary-extraordinary" transition in solutions of charged macromolecules. The "ordinary" behavior has previously been associated with a "fast" diffusion coefficient which is independent of salt concentration Cs and polymer concentration Cp if the ratio Cp/ Cs is above a threshold value. The "extraordinary" transition is associated with formation of aggregates, with a "slow" diffusion coefficient, formed from similarly charged macromolecules. By investigating aqueous solutions of sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) and sodium chloride with variations in Cp, Cs, and polymer molecular weight, Mw, we report the emergence of a new diffusive "fast" relaxation mode at higher values of Cp, Cs, and Mw, in addition to the previously known "fast" and "slow" relaxation modes. Furthermore, we find that Mw plays a crucial role on the collective dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions with salt, instead of just the Cp/ Cs ratio as previously postulated. As Mw is progressively decreased, the salty solution exhibits dynamical transitions from three modes to two modes and then to one mode of relaxation. The emergence of the new fast mode and the dynamical transitions are in marked departure from the general premise of the ordinary-extraordinary transition developed over several decades. In an effort to rationalize our experimental findings we present a theory for the collective dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions with salt by addressing the coupling between the relaxations of polyelectrolyte chains, counterions from the polymer and added salt, and co-ions from the salt. The predictions are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. The present combined work of experiments and theory forms the basis for accurately characterizing dynamics of charged macromolecules in salty solutions, which are ubiquitous in biological systems and polyelectrolyte-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jia
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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6
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Kogej K, Štirn J, Reščič J. Reappearance of slow mode in mixtures of polyethylene glycol and poly(sodium methacrylate). SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5039-5047. [PMID: 29863212 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of an anionic polyelectrolyte, poly(sodium methacrylate), NaPMA, and a neutral polymer, polyethylene glycol, PEG, were investigated by dynamic and static light scattering techniques at different concentrations and chain-lengths of PEG. The NaPMA standard with a narrow molecular weight distribution was chosen for the study. The so called slow-mode behaviour, characteristic of salt-free NaPMA solutions, vanishes as the simple salt, NaCl in this case, is added in a sufficient amount. However, in NaPMA-NaCl-PEG mixtures, the slow-mode signal is observed again. We assume that the dielectric constant of the mixture with PEG, which is substantially lower than that of pure water, causes the reappearance of the slow-mode signal through reinforced electrostatic interactions between NaPMA polyions. Monte Carlo simulations of a coarse-grained model of the system confirm stronger correlations between NaPMA molecules and thus qualitatively agree with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Kogej
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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7
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Kattner H, Drawe P, Buback M. Chain-Length-Dependent Termination of Sodium Methacrylate Polymerization in Aqueous Solution Studied by SP-PLP-EPR. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Kattner
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr.
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Drawe
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr.
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Buback
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr.
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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9
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Su GM, Cordova IA, Brady MA, Prendergast D, Wang C. Reprint of: Combining theory and experiment for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering characterization of polymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Ordinary-extraordinary transition in dynamics of solutions of charged macromolecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12627-12632. [PMID: 27791143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612249113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the ubiquitous and intriguing "ordinary-extraordinary" behavior of dynamics in solutions of charged macromolecules is addressed theoretically by explicitly considering counterions around the macromolecules. The collective and coupled dynamics of macromolecules and their counterion clouds in salt-free conditions are shown to lead to the "ordinary" behavior (also called the "fast" mode) where diffusion coefficients are independent of molar mass and polymer concentration and are comparable to those of isolated metallic ions in aqueous media, in agreement with experimental facts observed repeatedly over the past four decades. The dipoles arising from adsorbed counterions on polymer backbones can form many pairwise physical cross-links, leading to microgel-like aggregates. Balancing the swelling from excluded volume effects and counterion pressure with elasticity of the microgel, we show that there is a threshold value of a combination of polymer concentration and electrolyte concentration for the occurrence of the "extraordinary" phase (also called the "slow" mode) and the predicted properties of diffusion coefficient for this phase are in qualitative agreement with well-known experimental data.
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11
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Su GM, Cordova IA, Brady MA, Prendergast D, Wang C. Combining theory and experiment for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering characterization of polymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Sun J, Černoch P, Völkel A, Wei Y, Ruokolainen J, Schlaad H. Aqueous Self-Assembly of a Protein-Mimetic Ampholytic Block Copolypeptide. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Heyrovského nám.
2, 162 06 Praha
6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Völkel
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yuhan Wei
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC), Puumiehenkuja
2, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Branca C, Wanderlingh U, D'Angelo G, Crupi C, Rifici S. Study of the dynamical behavior of sodium alginate/myoglobin aqueous solutions: A dynamic light scattering study. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Wang X, Ye X, Zhang G. Investigation of pH-induced conformational change and hydration of poly(methacrylic acid) by analytical ultracentrifugation. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5381-5388. [PMID: 26059391 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Analytical ultracentrifugation was performed on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) with a series of weight average molar masses (Mw) in aqueous solutions as a function of pH. The scales of the sedimentation coefficient (s) and the diffusion coefficient (D) to Mw at infinite dilutions were obtained at different pH values, indicating that PMAA chains adopt a collapsed structure at low pH values, and stretch at pH higher than 5.2. Our results show that the sedimentation coefficient exhibits a minimum at pH ∼ 6.0, presumably due to the effect of the conformational change and the hydration state of PMAA chains. When pH increases from 6.0 to 8.5, PMAA chains with high molar mass shrink a little bit, presumably because the sodium ions act as a bridging agent between nonadjacent carboxylate groups. Furthermore, the weight average molar mass of PMAA at pH 8.5 increases by one fold than that at pH 4.0, indicating the condensation of sodium ions and the increase in the number of hydration water molecules around carboxylate groups at high pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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15
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Raghavan V, Gupta M, Xiao Z, Gi Chae H, Liu T, Kumar S. Investigation of polyacrylonitrile solution inhomogeneity by dynamic light scattering. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Raghavan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Murari Gupta
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Han Gi Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering; High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida 32310
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
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16
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Feldstein MM, Dormidontova EE, Khokhlov AR. Pressure sensitive adhesives based on interpolymer complexes. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Reagent molecules inside solution domains {R1} and {R2} cannot contact hence react. For this reason solution structure may influence chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. O. Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
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18
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Insight into dynamics of polyelectrolyte chains in salt-free solutions by laser light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Sitar S, Aseyev V, Kogej K. Microgel-like aggregates of isotactic and atactic poly(methacrylic acid) chains in aqueous alkali chloride solutions as evidenced by light scattering. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7712-7722. [PMID: 25137480 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01448k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative light-scattering study of isotactic and atactic poly(methacrylic acid), iPMA and aPMA, respectively, in aqueous solutions with added alkali chlorides, XCl (X = Li, Na, Cs), at 25 °C and XCl concentration of 0.1 mol L(-1), demonstrates that both PMA isomers are strongly associated at low degrees of neutralization, αN (= 0 for aPMA and 0.25 for iPMA), in the presence of all XCls. The shape parameter ρ and the scattering functions suggest that aggregates have the characteristics of microgel particles, with a dense core surrounded by a less dense shell. The extent of aggregation depends on the stereoregular structure of the polymer and on the type of the added cation. Li(+) and Na(+) ions support aggregation better than Cs(+) ions. Besides, iPMA chains are more strongly aggregated than aPMA chains and form particles with a denser core. A model of the aggregation process is suggested for iPMA. At high αN, a slow diffusive process (so-called extraordinary or anomalous mode in diffusion of polyelectrolytes), arising from electrostatic interactions between charged chains, is observed for both PMAs. Results suggest that under the same experimental conditions iPMA is effectively more charged than aPMA. The role of ions in the slow-mode phenomenon is less pronounced than in aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sitar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, P.O. Box 537, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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20
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Subramanian D, Klauda JB, Collings PJ, Anisimov MA. Mesoscale Phenomena in Ternary Solutions of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol, Water, and Propylene Oxide. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5994-6006. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4125183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter J. Collings
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States
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21
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Walkenhorst R, Dorfmüller T, Eimer W. Influence of Charge Density and Concentration on the Dynamics of Aqueous Polyelectrolyte Solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.199500045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Sitar S, Aseyev V, Kogej K. Differences in association behavior of isotactic and atactic poly(methacrylic acid). POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Jang Y, Seo J, Akgun B, Satija S, Char K. Molecular Weight Dependence on the Disintegration of Spin-Assisted Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4007736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongseon Jang
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Seo
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Bulent Akgun
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, NIST, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sushil Satija
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, NIST, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Kookheon Char
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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Sedlák M, Rak D. Large-Scale Inhomogeneities in Solutions of Low Molar Mass Compounds and Mixtures of Liquids: Supramolecular Structures or Nanobubbles? J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2495-504. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice,
Slovakia
| | - Dmytro Rak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice,
Slovakia
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26
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Uchman M, Štěpánek M, Prévost S, Angelov B, Bednár J, Appavou MS, Gradzielski M, Procházka K. Coassembly of Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methacrylic acid) and N-Dodecylpyridinium Chloride in Aqueous Solutions Leading to Ordered Micellar Assemblies within Copolymer Aggregates. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Uchman
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Stranski Laboratorium für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin,
Germany
- Soft Matter Department, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109
Berlin, Germany
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Institute
of Macromolecular
Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Square 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bednár
- First Faculty of Medicine,
Institute of Cellular Biology Albertov 4, Charles University in Prague, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- LIPhy UMR 5588, Univ. Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF-JCNS, Lichtenbergerstraße 1, D-85747
Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für
Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin,
Germany
| | - Karel Procházka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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27
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Sedlák M. Homopolymer self-assembly into stable nanoparticles: concerted action of hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonding in thermoresponsive poly(alkylacrylic acid)s. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2356-64. [PMID: 22280359 DOI: 10.1021/jp208445p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to polymer self-assembly was presented recently [M. Sedlák, Č. Koňák, J. Dybal, Macromolecules 2009, 2, 7430-7438 and 7439-7446.] (1, 2) where stable polymeric nanoparticles were formed from poly(ethylacrylic acid) homopolymers without any assembly triggering additives, simply by heating polymer solution under conditions of thermosensitivity to certain temperature. In the current Article, we present successful results on poly(propylacrylic acid), which is a more hydrophobic polymer. We also present results on a less hydrophobic polymer from this series, poly(methacrylic acid), from which nanoparticles cannot be formed. Comparison of results on all three polymers gives a solid physicochemical insight and supports the molecular mechanism of the self-assembly previously suggested: The solvent quality gradually worsens upon heating of a thermosensitive polymer solution, and polymer-polymer contacts are preferred over polymer-solvent contacts, which leads to the formation of polymer assemblies. The presence of a significant amount of charge on chains prevents macroscopic phase separation. Upon subsequent cooling to laboratory temperature, the assemblies (nanoparticles) should eventually dissolve; however, this is not the case due to the fact that polymer chains brought to a close proximity at elevated temperatures become hydrogen-bonded. In addition, hydrogen bonds strengthen upon cooling. Mainly carboxylic-carboxylate hydrogen bonds (COOH····COO(-)) are responsible for the irreversibility of the process and the stability of nanoparticles. Conclusions are supported by results from static and dynamic light scattering, FTIR spectroscopy, and cryo-TEM microscopy. Size of nanoparticles can be monitored during the growth and custom-tailored by tuning critical parameters, especially the degree of ionization, temperature, and time of heating. Nanoparticles are stable over long periods of time. They are stable in a broad range of salt concentrations, including physiological conditions, and possess a mild acceptable degree of polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
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28
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Dergunov SA, Mun GA, Dergunov MA, Suleimenov IE, Pinkhassik E. Tunable thermosensitivity in multistimuli-responsive terpolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Henke A, Kadłubowski S, Wolszczak M, Ulański P, Boyko V, Schmidt T, Arndt KF, Rosiak JM. The Structure and Aggregation of Hydrogen-Bonded Interpolymer Complexes of Poly(acrylic acid) With Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) in Dilute Aqueous Solution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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31
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Synthesis by self-condensing AGET ATRP and solution properties of arborescent poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-N-propane sulfonate). POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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33
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Manning GS. The critical onset of counterion condensation: A survey of its experimental and theoretical basis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19961000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Deng L, Wang C, Li ZC, Liang D. Re-examination of the “Zipper Effect” in Hydrogen-Bonding Complexes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dehai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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35
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Ise N. Like likes like: counterion-mediated attraction in macroionic and colloidal interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10279-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c000729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Sedlák M, Koňák Č, Dybal J. Heat-Set Poly(ethylacrylic acid) Nanoparticles: Combined Light Scattering, Calorimetric, and FTIR Study. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Čestmír Koňák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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37
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Lacík I, Učňová L, Kukučková S, Buback M, Hesse P, Beuermann S. Propagation Rate Coefficient of Free-Radical Polymerization of Partially and Fully Ionized Methacrylic Acid in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9013516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lacík
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Učňová
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Kukučková
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Buback
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Hesse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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38
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Sedlák M, Koňák Č. A New Approach to Polymer Self-assembly into Stable Nanoparticles: Poly(ethylacrylic acid) Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9015032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Čestmír Koňák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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39
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Zhou K, Li J, Lu Y, Zhang G, Xie Z, Wu C. Re-examination of Dynamics of Polyeletrolytes in Salt-Free Dilute Solutions by Designing and Using a Novel Neutral−Charged−Neutral Reversible Polymer. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900541x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhou
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junfang Li
- The Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yijie Lu
- The Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- The Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wu
- The Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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40
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Costa T, Seixas de Melo J, Miguel MDG, Lindman B, Schillén K. Complex Formation between a Fluorescently-Labeled Polyelectrolyte and a Triblock Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6205-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8093885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria da G. Miguel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Lindman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Schillén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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41
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Lu T, Huang J, Liang D. Salt effect on microstructures in cationic gemini surfactant solutions as studied by dynamic light scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:1740-1744. [PMID: 18201111 DOI: 10.1021/la702832v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cationic gemini surfactant, dodecanediyl-1,12-bis(dodecyldiethylammonium bromide) (C12C12C12(Et)), in aqueous solutions with varying NaBr concentration was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a comparison, its single-chained counterpart, dodecyl triethylammonium bromide (DTEAB), was also investigated under the same conditions. Similar to the case of a polyelectrolyte, C12C12C12(Et) underwent a typical "ordinary-to-extraordinary (o-e) transition" with decreasing salt concentration to zero. At higher salt concentration, a single relaxation mode, corresponding to the diffusion of regular micelles, was observed. While in the "extraordinary regime", DLS detected two characteristic relaxation modes with the values of the diffusion coefficient being different by at least 2 orders. The fast mode was consistent with the polyion-small ion coupled-mode theories, as well as the direct polyion-polyion repulsion interactions. Because the slow mode disappeared at elevated salt concentrations and generated negligible scattered intensity, we attributed it to multimacroion domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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42
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Liu WH, Yu TL, Lin HL. Shear thickening behavior of dilute poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) aqueous solutions. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Entry in emulsion polymerization using a mixture of sodium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Pristinski D, Kozlovskaya V, Sukhishvili SA. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy studies of diffusion of a weak polyelectrolyte in aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2007; 122:14907. [PMID: 15638700 DOI: 10.1063/1.1829255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply fluorescent correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to investigate solution dynamics of a synthetic polyelectrolyte, i.e., a weak polycarboxylic acid in aqueous solutions. The technique brings single molecule sensitivity and molecular specificity to dynamic measurements of polyelectrolyte solutions. Translational diffusion of Alexa-labeled poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA*, chains was studied in very dilute, 10(-4) mg/ml, solutions as a function of solution pH and ionic strength. The observed changes in diffusion coefficients were consistent with about twofold expansion of PMAA* coils when pH was changed from 5 to 8, and with chain contraction for alkaline metal ion concentrations from 0.01 to 0.1 M. The dependence of the hydrodynamic size of PMAA* chains on the counterion type followed the sequence: Li(+)>Na(+) approximately equal to Cs(+)>K(+). The dependence of translational diffusion on polyacid concentration was weak at the low concentration limit, but chain motions were significantly slower at higher polymer concentrations when PMAA chains overlapped. Finally, measurements of dynamics of PMAA* chains in "salt-free" solutions showed that self-diffusion of PMAA* chains significantly slowed down when PMAA concentration was increased, probably reflecting the sensitivity of PMAA* translational motions to the onset of interchain domain formation. These results illustrate the utility of the FCS technique for studying hydrodynamic sizes of polyelectrolyte coils in response to variation in solution pH or concentration of salt and polyelectrolytes. They also suggest that FCS will be a promising technique for selective observation of the dynamics of polyelectrolyte components in complex polymer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pristinski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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45
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Sedlák M. Real-time monitoring of the origination of multimacroion domains in a polyelectrolyte solution. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:151102. [PMID: 15945616 DOI: 10.1063/1.1900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
First real-time monitoring of the origination of multimacroion domains in an initially homogeneous polyelectrolyte solution was performed. Domains were generated by pH-induced increase of macroion charge in solution of poly(methacrylic acid). Monitoring was performed by static and dynamic light scatterings, in which scattering contributions from individual polyions and growing multimacroion domains were separated, such that amplitudes of both modes were expressed in absolute units. Kinetic results also yield new information regarding the nature of multimacroion domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 043 53 Kosice, Slovakia.
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46
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Kogej K, Berghmans H, Reynaers H, Paoletti S. Unusual Behavior of Atactic Poly(methacrylic acid) in Aqueous Solutions Monitored by Wide-Angle Light Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048657k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Kogej
- Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Hugo Berghmans
- Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Harry Reynaers
- Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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47
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Ochi A, Hossain KS, Magoshi J, Nemoto N. Rheology and dynamic light scattering of silk fibroin solution extracted from the middle division of Bombyx mori silkworm. Biomacromolecules 2002; 3:1187-96. [PMID: 12425655 DOI: 10.1021/bm020056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheological measurements were performed on aqueous silk fibroin solutions extracted from the middle division of Bombyx mori silkworm over a wide range of polymer concentration C from 0.08 to 27.5 wt %. DLS results obtained in the dilute region of C less than 1 wt % are consistent with a model that an elementary unit is a large protein complex consisting of silk fibroin and P25 with a 6:1 molar ratio. Rheological measurements in the dilute C region reveal that those units (or clusters) with the hydrodynamic radius of about 100 nm form a network extending over the whole sample volume with small pseudoplateau modulus mainly by ionic bonding between COO(-) ions of the fibroin molecules and divalent metallic ions such as Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) ions present in the sample and also that, after a yield stress is reached, steady plastic flow is induced with viscosity much lower than the zero-shear viscosity estimated from creep and creep recovery measurements by 4-6 orders of magnitude. Angular frequency omega dependencies of the storage and the loss shear moduli, G'(omega) and G' '(omega), measured in the linear viscoelastic region, indicate that all solutions possess the pseudoplateau modulus in the low omega region and samples become highly viscoleastic for C greater, similar 4.2 wt %. Above C = 11.2 wt % another plateau appears at the high omega end accompanied by a distinct maximum of G' ' in the intermediate omega region. The relaxation motion with tau = 0.5 s corresponding to the maximum of G' ' is one of characteristic properties of the fibroin solutions in the high C region. Thermorheological behaviors of the solution with C = 27.5 wt % show that the network structure formed in the MM part of the silk gland is susceptible to temperature and a more stable homogeneous network is realized by raising the temperature up to T = 65 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akie Ochi
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, IGSES, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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48
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Knaebel A, Skouri R, Munch JP, Candau SJ. Structural and rheological properties of hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble emulsion solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Holappa S, Karesoja M, Shan J, Tenhu H. Solution Properties of Linear and Branched Block Copolymers Consisting of Acidic and PEO Blocks. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma012177z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Holappa
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PB 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Karesoja
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PB 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jun Shan
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PB 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PB 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Sedlák M. Mechanical properties and stability of multimacroion domains in polyelectrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1445109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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