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Moonprasith N, Tatsumichi M, Nakamura K, Kida T, Tsubouchi K, Hiraoka T, Yamaguchi M. Preparation of graded materials for miscible polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends by segregation under shear flow. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nantina Moonprasith
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Japan
- Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Khlong Luang Thailand
| | - Mizuki Tatsumichi
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Japan
| | - Kodai Nakamura
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Japan
| | - Takumitsu Kida
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsubouchi
- Hiroshima R&D Center Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Otake Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Japan
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2
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Moonprasith N, Date J, Sako T, Kida T, Hiraoka T, Yamaguchi M. Segregation Behavior of Miscible PC/PMMA Blends during Injection Molding. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15092994. [PMID: 35591328 PMCID: PMC9105524 DOI: 10.3390/ma15092994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Miscible blends composed of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), in which one of them has low molecular weight, were employed to study the surface segregation behavior during flow. The blend samples showed typical rheological behaviors, such as simple polymer melts without a long-time relaxation mechanism ascribed to phase separation, demonstrating that they were miscible. After injection molding, the amounts of a low molecular weight component on the blend surface were found to be larger than the actual blend ratio. Because the injection-molded products were transparent despite a huge difference in refractive indices between PC and PMMA, they showed no phase separation. This result demonstrated that surface segregation of a low molecular weight component occurred under flow field, which expands the material design such as tough plastics with good scratch resistance and optical fibers with tapered refractive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantina Moonprasith
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan; (N.M.); (J.D.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18, Paholyothin, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Jitsuhiro Date
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan; (N.M.); (J.D.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takumi Sako
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan; (N.M.); (J.D.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takumitsu Kida
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan; (N.M.); (J.D.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuhiro Hiraoka
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1, Miyukicho, Otake, Hiroshima 739-0693, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan; (N.M.); (J.D.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-761-51-1621
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3
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Complicated Structure Change during Capillary Extrusion of Binary Blends of Polycarbonate and Poly(methyl methacrylate). MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082783. [PMID: 35454475 PMCID: PMC9026293 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pressure and shear rate on the miscibility of binary blends comprising bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) and low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated using a capillary rheometer. Both pressure and shear rate affected the miscibility. The examination of an extruded strand of the blend provided information about the cause of the phase change. Under high pressure, pressure-induced demixing occurred at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the blend. Consequently, the extruded strand became opaque throughout. During shear-induced mixing/demixing, a part of the strand became opaque because of the distribution of the shear rate in the strand. For example, during shear-induced demixing, only the exterior of the strand, i.e., the high shear rate region, became opaque. Above the LCST, shear-induced mixing occurred, and only the center region of the strand became opaque.
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4
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Yan T, Xu H, Li Y. Crosslinked network formation beyond graft copolymers in transparent bisphenol-A Polycarbonate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) blends catalyzed by bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide based organic salts. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Pawar S, Rzeczkowski P, Pötschke P, Krause B, Bose S. Does the Processing Method Resulting in Different States of an Interconnected Network of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Polymeric Blend Nanocomposites Affect EMI Shielding Properties? ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5771-5782. [PMID: 31458777 PMCID: PMC6641872 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), an unwanted phenomenon, often affects the reliability of precise electronic circuitry. To prevent this, an effective shielding is prerequisite to protect the electronic devices. In this study, an attempt was made to understand how processing of polymeric blend nanocomposites involving multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) affects the evolving interconnected network structure of MWCNTs and eventually their EMI shielding properties. Thereby, the overall blend morphology and especially the connectivity of the polycarbonate (PC) component, in which the MWCNTs tend to migrate, as well as the perfectness of their migration, and the state of nanotube dispersion are considered. For this purpose, blends of varying composition of PC and poly(methyl methacrylate) were chosen as a model system as they show a phase diagram with lower critical solution temperature type of characteristic. Such blends were processed in two different ways: solution mixing (from the homogeneous state) and melt mixing (in the biphasic state). In both the processes, MWCNTs (3 wt %) were mixed into the blends, and the evolved structures (after phase separation induced by annealing in solution-mixed blends) and the quenched structures (as the blends exit the extruder) were systematically studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the set of blends were subjected to the same thermal history, however, under different conditions such as under quiescent conditions (in the case of solution mixing) and under shear (in the case of melt mixing). The electrical volume conductivity and the evolved morphologies of these blend nanocomposites were evaluated and correlated with the measured EMI shielding behavior. The results indicated that irrespective of the type of processing, the MWCNTs localized in the PC component; driven by thermodynamic factors and depending on the blend composition, sea-island, cocontinuous, and phase-inverted structures evolved. Interestingly, the better interconnected network structures of MWCNTs observed using TEM in the solution-mixed samples together with larger nanotube lengths resulted in higher EMI shielding properties (-27 dB at 18 GHz) even if slightly higher electrical volume conductivities were observed in melt-mixed samples. Moreover, the shielding was absorption-driven, facilitated by the dense network of MWCNTs in the PC component of the blends, at any given concentration of nanotubes. Taken together, this study highlights the effects of different blend nanocomposite preparation methods (solution and melt) and the developed morphology and nanotube network structure in MWCNT filled blend nanocomposites on the EMI shielding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital
Patangrao Pawar
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Piotr Rzeczkowski
- Department
of Functional Nanocomposites and Blends, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Department
of Functional Nanocomposites and Blends, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beate Krause
- Department
of Functional Nanocomposites and Blends, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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6
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Choi EY, Nam JU, Hong SH, Kim CK. Characteristics of Polycarbonate Composites with Poly(methyl methacrylate) Grafted Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Ishigami A, Kodama Y, Wagatsuma T, Ito H. Evaluation of Structures and Morphologies of Recycled PC/PET Blends Fabricated by High-Shear Kneading Processing. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We fabricated polymer blends of recycled-PC (PC) and recycled-PET (PET) using high-shear processing technology. We also assessed its structure, morphology, and physical properties. Results of DSC measurements show that Tg of PC and Tc of PET shifted to higher temperatures by kneading under high-shear conditions. Results show further that the Tm of PET shifted to a lower temperature. Moreover, compatibilization progressed. TEM observations show that the PET domain was not confirmed completely under the kneading condition of 1 000 min−1/10 s or more. Compatibilization progressed. Tensile test results show that the PET ratio of 30 wt% (1 000 min−1/10 s) has higher breaking strain than neat PC does. Chemical resistance test results obtained by good solvent of PC demonstrated that blending of PET makes PC elution difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ishigami
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University, Yamagata , Japan
| | - Y. Kodama
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University, Yamagata , Japan
| | | | - H. Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University, Yamagata , Japan
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8
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Zou SF, Guo XS, Wang RY, Fan B, Xu JT, Fan ZQ. Effect of annealing-induced interfacial demixing on crystallization of PEO confined in coaxial electrospun nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Zou
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Guo
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Rui-Yang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Fan
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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9
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Surface segregation during injection molding of polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Zhu Y, Gao X, Luo Y. Core-shell particles of poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer emulsion polymerization and the polymer's application in toughening polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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11
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Sako T, Nobukawa S, Yamaguchi M. Surface localization of poly(methyl methacrylate) in a miscible blend with polycarbonate. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Lin GP, Lin L, Wang XL, Chen L, Wang YZ. PBT/PC Blends Compatibilized and Toughened via Copolymers in Situ Formed by MgO-Catalyzed Transesterification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504032w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Peng Lin
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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13
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Li W, Spoelstra AB, Goossens JG. Morphology and rheological properties of silica-filled poly(carbonate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai 201620 China
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Anne B. Spoelstra
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G.P. Goossens
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Eindhoven University of Technology; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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14
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Du W, Yuan G, Wang M, Han CC, Satija SK, Akgun B. Initial Stages of Interdiffusion between Asymmetrical Polymeric Layers: Glassy Polycarbonate and Melt Poly(methyl methacrylate) Interface Studied by Neutron Reflectometry. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401895t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory
of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory
of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingji Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory
of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Charles C. Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Joint Laboratory
of Polymer Science and Materials, Beijing National Laboratory for
Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sushil K. Satija
- Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bulent Akgun
- Center
for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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15
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SHIMIZU H, LI Y. Morphology and Properties of Nanocomposites Fabricated by High-Shear Processing. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2014. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.71.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Su CC, Wang SC, Chen WJ, Lee LT. Phase Compatibilization through Chemical Exchange Reactions in Blends of Copolyesters with Poly(hydroxyether of bisphenol A) upon Annealing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401371y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chean-Cheng Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Number 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung
81148, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Ching Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Number 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan-Tzu District, Kaohsiung
81148, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jing Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Number 100 Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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17
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Dhibar S, Kar P, Khatua BB. Preparation of highly exfoliated and transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites by melt blending of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Dhibar
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Prativa Kar
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - B. B. Khatua
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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18
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Magida MM. Study of structural and thermal properties of electron beam irradiated polymethylmethacrylate/bisphenol-A-polycarbonate blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Singh AK, Prakash R, Pandey D. Evidence for in situ graft copolymer formation and compatibilization of PC and PMMA during reactive extrusion processing in the presence of the novel organometallic transesterification catalyst tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20965a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Li Y, Shimizu H. Fabrication of nanostructured polycarbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends with improved optical and mechanical properties by high-shear processing. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Singh AK, Prakash R, Pandey D. Reactive Compatibilization of Polycarbonate and Poly(methyl methacrylate) in the Presence of a Novel Transesterification Catalyst SnCl2·2H2O. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:1601-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Singh
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rajiv Prakash
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Dhananjai Pandey
- School of Materials Science & Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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22
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Velasco DS, de Moura AP, Medina AN, Baesso ML, Rubira AF, Cremona M, Bento AC. Preparation, characterization, and spectroscopic properties of PC/PMMA doped blends: study of the effect of rare-earth doping on luminescence, quenching rate, and lifetime enhancement. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5657-60. [PMID: 20387870 DOI: 10.1021/jp911900r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical properties of highly transparent blends formed by bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and doped with either europium(III) thenoyltrifluoroacetone hydrate [Eu(TTA)(3)-hydrate] or terbium(III) acetylacetonate hydrate [Tb(ACAC)(3)-hydrate] were studied. From the absorption/emission spectra (200 to 800 nm), percolation limits of less than 0.4 wt/wt% for Eu and above 0.7 wt/wt% for Tb were found. Lifetimes for 20/80 and 60/40 Tb-doped blends were from 1.0 to 1.5 ms, respectively, about 5 times longer than for a similar blend prepared with Langmuir-Blodgett film. For blends doped with Eu, the lifetimes were from 0.4 to 0.8 ms, almost double that for the pure complex. The results indicated interactions between the PC/PMMA blends and the rare-earth ion complex. Particularly, photoluminescent spectra evidenced the incorporation of the Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) ions into the blend, with quenching observed near 1.0 wt/wt%, except for the 20/80 blend doped with Eu ion, in which luminescence increased to 5 wt/wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Velasco
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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23
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Effects of chain conformation on miscibility, morphology, and mechanical properties of solution blended substituted polyphenylene and polyphenylsulfone. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Singh A, Mishra R, Prakash R, Maiti P, Singh AK, Pandey D. Specific interactions in partially miscible polycarbonate (PC)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Miscibility of branched polycarbonate blends with poly(ethylene-co-1,4-dimethyl cyclohexane terephthalate) copolyesters. Macromol Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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An N, Yang Y, Dong L. Suppression of Phase Separation in PC/PMMA Blend Film by Thermoset Oligomer. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061481v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narong An
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Yang
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Dong
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Kim LU, Jeon MY, Kim CK, Kum CG. Polycarbonate/Copolyester Blends Having Optical-Grade Clarity and Their Upper Critical Solution Temperature Type Phase Behavior. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie061000w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. U. Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea, and LG Chemical Ltd., Tech Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - M. Y. Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea, and LG Chemical Ltd., Tech Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - C. K. Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea, and LG Chemical Ltd., Tech Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
| | - C. G. Kum
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea, and LG Chemical Ltd., Tech Center, 84 Jang-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-343, Korea
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28
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Lu D, Dong L, Feng Z. A study of the effect of shell content on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate/poly(butyl acrylate)cs-poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222349808212410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- a Polymer Physics Laboratory , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Dong
- a Polymer Physics Laboratory , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zfflliu Feng
- a Polymer Physics Laboratory , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
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Herzog A, Jalisatgi SS, Knobler CB, Wedge TJ, Hawthorne MF. Camouflaged Carborarods Derived fromB-Permethyl-1,12-diethynyl-para- andB-Octamethyl-1,7-diethylnyl-meta-carborane Modules. Chemistry 2005; 11:7155-74. [PMID: 16106456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rigid camouflaged carborarods constructed from the corresponding C,C'-diethynyl derivatives of B-decamethyl-1,12-dicarbadodecaborane(12) (6) and B-octamethyl-1,7-dicarbadodecaborane(12) (48) have been synthesized by largely conventional organic transformations. These carborarods are the longest discrete rod species available by this method in which B-methylated p-carborane and m-carborane cages are linked through their carbon vertices by using butadiynylene moieties. They exhibit enhanced solubility in common organic solvents relative to all other presently known carborane-based rigid-rod molecules. The oxidative coupling of bis(ethynyl) derivatives of 6 generates oligomers containing, on average, 16 carborane modules. The structural characterization of the corresponding dimeric species revealed that the carborarods possess a sinusoidal chain distortion in the solid state. The stereoelectronic properties of these and related model carborarods were evaluated by using molecular dimensions as a monitor for the comparison of computational and experimental methods. In addition, the effect of exhaustive B-methylation of 12- and 10-vertex para-carborane cages in a series of model C,C'-diethynyl derivatives was similarly investigated by computational and structural studies. As expected, a correlation of intercage C--C bond lengths with cage size was observed and was attributed to hybridization effects. B-Permethylation had no significant structural effect with either 10- or 12-vertex cage derivatives. Relative to unsubstituted compounds, thermal and chemical stabilities of B-permethylated derivatives were increased through the operation of a steric "bumper-car" process, and solubilities in organic solvents were enhanced. The formation of linear, sterically encumbered platina-carborarods using ethynyl derivatives of 6 as precursors is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Herzog
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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31
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Sinha Ray S, Bousmina M. Effect of Organic Modification on the Compatibilization Efficiency of Clay in an Immiscible Polymer Blend. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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New miscible blends composed of polysulfone and poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylonitrile) copolymers and their phase behavior. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Sinha Ray S, Bousmina M. Compatibilization Efficiency of Organoclay in an Immiscible Polycarbonate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blend. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Seo YS, Kim JH, Kim CK, Lee R, Keum JK. Polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic elastomer terpolymer blends with enhanced interfacial adhesion and surface gloss. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Bonzanini R, Girotto E, Gonçalves M, Radovanovic E, Muniz E, Rubira A. Effects of europium (III) acetylacetonate doping on the miscibility and photoluminescent properties of polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Haggard K, Paul D. Blends of high temperature copolycarbonates with bisphenol-A-polycarbonate and a copolyester. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Kim JH, Whang MS, Kim CK. Novel Miscible Blends Composed of Poly(ether sulfone) and Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-styrene) Copolymers and Their Interaction Energies. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0356156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - M. S. Whang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - C. K. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
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38
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Kang EA, Kim JH, Kim CK, Oh SY, Rhee HW. The effects of PC-PMMA block copolymer on the compatibility and interfacial properties of PC/SAN blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Rusa CC, Wei M, Shuai X, Bullions TA, Wang X, Rusa M, Uyar T, Tonelli AE. Molecular mixing of incompatible polymers through formation of and coalescence from their common crystalline cyclodextrin inclusion compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Kim JH, Kim CK. Changes in the interfacial properties of PC/SAN blends with compatibilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Viville P, Biscarini F, Brédas JL, Lazzaroni R. Scaling Aspects of the Kinetics of Thermally Induced Phase Separation in Bisphenol A Polycarbonate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001286x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Viville
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - F. Biscarini
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - J. L. Brédas
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - R. Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronique et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Mons-Hainaut, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium, Istituto di Spettroscopia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
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Wei M, Tonelli AE. Compatiblization of Polymers via Coalescence from Their Common Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
| | - Alan E. Tonelli
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301
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Rojanapitayakorn P, Thongyai S, Higgins J, Clarke N. Effects of sample preparation method on mixing and phase separation in binary polymer blends. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Hsu WP. Solvent effects on the miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(bisphenol a carbonate) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Batsanov AS, Fox MA, Howard JA, MacBride J, Wade K. Synthesis and structure of 1,12-diethynyl-para-carborane. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Aoki Y. Miscibility and Phase Behavior in Polymer Blends of Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with Poly(α-methylstyrene-co-acrylonitrile). Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Aoki
- Chemical Science Laboratories, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 1, Toho-cho, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-8530, Japan
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Kerns J, Hsieh A, Hiltner A, Baer E. Comparison of irreversible deformation and yielding in microlayers of polycarbonate with poly(methylmethacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile). J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20000815)77:7<1545::aid-app16>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Kim MH, Kim JH, Kim CK, Kang YS, Park HC, Won JO. Control of phase separation behavior of PC/PMMA blends and their application to the gas separation membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19991101)37:21<2950::aid-polb5>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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