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Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Carrodeguas LP, Chen TTD, Santmarti A, Terrill NJ, Lee KY, Williams CK. Triblock polyester thermoplastic elastomers with semi-aromatic polymer end blocks by ring-opening copolymerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6567-6581. [PMID: 34094122 PMCID: PMC8159401 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers benefit from high elasticity and straightforward (re)processability; they are widely used across a multitude of sectors. Currently, the majority derive from oil, do not degrade or undergo chemical recycling. Here a new series of ABA triblock polyesters are synthesized and show high-performances as degradable thermoplastic elastomers; their composition is poly(cyclohexene-alt-phthalate)-b-poly(ε-decalactone)-b-poly(cyclohexene-alt-phthalate) {PE-PDL-PE}. The synthesis is accomplished using a zinc(ii)/magnesium(ii) catalyst, in a one-pot procedure where ε-decalactone ring-opening polymerization yielding dihydroxyl telechelic poly(ε-decalatone) (PDL, soft-block) occurs first and, then, addition of phthalic anhydride/cyclohexene oxide ring-opening copolymerization delivers semi-aromatic polyester (PE, hard-block) end-blocks. The block compositions are straightforward to control, from the initial monomer stoichiometry, and conversions are high (85-98%). Two series of polyesters are prepared: (1) TBPE-1 to TBPE-5 feature an equivalent hard-block volume fraction (f hard = 0.4) and variable molar masses 40-100 kg mol-1; (2) TBPE-5 to TBPE-9 feature equivalent molar masses (∼100 kg mol-1) and variable hard-block volume fractions (0.12 < f hard < 0.4). Polymers are characterized using spectroscopies, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). They are amorphous, with two glass transition temperatures (∼-51 °C for PDL; +138 °C for PE), and block phase separation is confirmed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Tensile mechanical performances reveal thermoplastic elastomers (f hard < 0.4 and N > 1300) with linear stress-strain relationships, high ultimate tensile strengths (σ b = 1-5 MPa), very high elongations at break (ε b = 1000-1900%) and excellent elastic recoveries (98%). There is a wide operating temperature range (-51 to +138 °C), an operable processing temperature range (+100 to +200 °C) and excellent thermal stability (T d,5% ∼ 300 °C). The polymers are stable in aqueous environments, at room temperature, but are hydrolyzed upon gentle heating (60 °C) and treatment with an organic acid (para-toluene sulfonic acid) or a common lipase (Novozyme® 51032). The new block polyesters show significant potential as sustainable thermoplastic elastomers with better properties than well-known styrenic block copolymers or polylactide-derived elastomers. The straightforward synthesis allows for other commercially available and/or bio-derived lactones, epoxides and anhydrides to be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Gregory
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Gregory S Sulley
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Thomas T D Chen
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alba Santmarti
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicholas J Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Harwell OX11 0DE UK
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Oxford Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Kim G, Swier S, Lee HJ, Wang C. Morphology Control of Poly(styrene- block-dimethylsiloxane) by Simple Blending with Trimethylsilylated Silicate Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2016; 49:10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01350. [PMID: 38495414 PMCID: PMC10941312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylsilylated silicate nanoparticle (termed MQ resin, combining M Me3SiO1/2 and Q SiO4/2 units)/poly(styrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane) (PS-PDMS, 31K-15K, polydispersity PD = 1.15, weight-average molecular weight Mw = 45.5K) blends behave similarly to block copolymers with different PS/PDMS ratios. MQ is localized in the PDMS phase virtually extending the volume fraction in the block copolymer. This allows for microdomain morphology control beyond what can be achieved with the starting block copolymer. Synthesizing siloxane-containing block copolymers targeted at certain equilibrium morphologies can be time-consuming and in some cases technically challenging. This work shows that MQ is a robust morphology modifier, not limited by the occurrence of surface segregation and the high diffusion rates typically associated with homopolymer modification, as confirmed by looking at the PDMS/PS-PDMS reference. The convenient and robust structure control MQ nanoparticle modification of PS-PDMS provides could overcome one of the hurdles to adoption of block copolymer lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginam Kim
- Product Development, Dow Corning, 2200 W Salzburg Rd., Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Steven Swier
- Product Development, Dow Corning, 2200 W Salzburg Rd., Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Hae-Jeong Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chengqing Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Chantawansri TL, Duncan AJ, Ilavsky J, Stokes KK, Berg MC, Mrozek RA, Lenhart JL, Beyer FL, Andzelm JW. Phase behavior of SEBS triblock copolymer gels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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George PA, Cooper-White JJ. Kinetically constrained block copolymer self-assembly a simple method to control domain size. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gupta S, Krishnamurthy R, Biswas A, Bhowmick AK. Compositional trend analysis on poly(phenylene ether) based thermoplastic elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim EY, Lee DJ, Kim JK, Cho J. Phase Behavior of a Binary Mixture of a Block Copolymer with Lower Disorder-to-Order Transition and a Homopolymer. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0617567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, Seoul 140-714, Korea
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Ouarti N, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Minatti E, Schappacher M, Deffieux A, Putaux JL, Borsali R. Micellar aggregation in blends of linear and cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene) diblock copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:9085-90. [PMID: 16171336 DOI: 10.1021/la050935z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of micelles formed from blends of linear and cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (PS-b-PI) block copolymers has been investigated in solution using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and in thin solid deposits by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy under cryogenic conditions (cryo-TEM). Micelles of the pure cyclic PS(290)-b-PI(110) copolymers are wormlike cylindrical objects built by unidirectional aggregation of 33 nm wide sunflower micelles, while the linear block copolymer having the same volume fraction and molar mass forms spherical micelles 40 nm in diameter. The DLS, AFM, and cryo-TEM results consistently show that the addition of the linear copolymer (even for amounts as low as 5% w/w) to the cyclic copolymer rather favors the formation of spherical micelles at the expense of the cylindrical aggregates. Those results clearly show that the linear block copolymer chains can be used to stabilize the thermodynamically unstable elementary sunflower micelle. The thermal stability of the micelles (from the pure copolymers and from the blends) has been examined in solid deposits with in situ AFM measurements. Coalescence starts at about 70 degrees C, and the surface roughness shows a two-step decrease toward a fully homogeneous and flat structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ouarti
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons-Hainaut/Materia Nova, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Lee HK, Kim DC, Yoo SI, Sohn BH, Zin WC. Phase Diagram for Blends of Styrene−Butadiene Diblock Copolymer and Styrene−Butadiene Random Copolymer. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030020w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Koo Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Dae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seong Il Yoo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeok Sohn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Wang-Cheol Zin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Jeong U, Ryu DY, Kho DH, Lee DH, Kim JK, Russell TP. Phase Behavior of Mixtures of Block Copolymer and Homopolymers in Thin Films and Bulk. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Unyong Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Han Kho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Vaidya NY, Han CD. Temperature–composition phase diagrams of binary blends of block copolymer and homopolymer. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vaidya NY, Han CD, Kim D, Sakamoto N, Hashimoto T. Microdomain Structures and Phase Transitions in Binary Blends Consisting of a Highly Asymmetric Block Copolymer and a Homopolymer. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee SH, Char K, Kim G. Order−Disorder and Order−Order Transitions in Mixtures of Highly Asymmetric Triblock Copolymer and Low Molecular Weight Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000658x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ginam Kim
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Materials Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030
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Han CD, Vaidya NY, Yamaguchi D, Hashimoto T. Composition fluctuations in binary mixtures of homogeneous polystyrene-block-polyisoprene copolymer and polyisoprene. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee HK, Zin WC. Phase Diagrams for the Blends of a Styrene-Butadiene Diblock Copolymer and a Styrene-Butadiene Random Copolymer: Theory. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991827k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Koo Lee
- Polymer Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja Dong, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Wang-Cheol Zin
- Polymer Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja Dong, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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Hino T, Prausnitz JM. Lower and Upper Critical Ordering Temperatures in Compressible Diblock Copolymer Melts from a Perturbed Hard-Sphere-Chain Equation of State. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970796v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Hino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - John M. Prausnitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Yamaguchi D, Hashimoto T, Han CD, Baek DM, Kim JK, Shi AC. Order−Disorder Transition, Microdomain Structure, and Phase Behavior in Binary Mixtures of Low Molecular Weight Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene Copolymers. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma970050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - An-Chang Shi
- Xerox Research Center at Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Missisauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1
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Sakamoto N, Hashimoto T, Han CD, Kim D, Vaidya NY. Effect of Addition of a Neutral Solvent on the Order−Order and Order−Disorder Transitions in a Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene Copolymer. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma961696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tcherkasskaya O, Ni S, Winnik MA. Energy Transfer Studies of Binary Block Copolymer Blends. 1. Effect of Composition on the Interface Area per Chain and the Lamellar Size. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9612891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tcherkasskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Erindale College, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Shaoru Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Erindale College, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry and Erindale College, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A1
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Effect of added homopolymer on the microphase separation transition temperature of block copolymer. Polym Bull (Berl) 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00319240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim JK, Jung DS, Kim J. Morphology and rheological behaviour of mixtures of poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-styrene) block copolymer and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether). POLYMER 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(93)90692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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