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Knight J, Salim H, Elemam H, Elbelbisi A. Calibration of Thermal Viscoelastic Material Models for the Dynamic Responses of PVB and SG Interlayer Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1870. [PMID: 39000725 PMCID: PMC11243795 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Laminated glass interlayer materials polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and SentryGlas® (SG, kuraray, Houstan, TX, USA) exhibit thermal viscoelastic behavior under dynamic tensile loading. Significant temperature and strain rate effects on the behavior of these interlayer materials pose a challenge for accurately modeling the dynamic response of laminated glass. Many researchers have simplified their approaches by modeling the response of the interlayer material using a bilinear approximation or established hyperelastic models. However, temperature and strain rate effects can be captured using the three-network viscoplastic (TNV) model. Therefore, the objective of this study is to calibrate material models for the thermal viscoelastic dynamic responses of PVB and SG interlayer materials. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed at strain rates of 2, 20, and 45 s-1 and temperatures of 0, 23, and 60 °C, and material models were calibrated using the experimental data. Finite element analysis using the calibrated material models successfully predicted the dynamic responses of PVB and SG under the experimental test conditions within a 10% error margin. This suggests that the calibrated models using the TNV model represent significant improvements over existing approaches to modeling the dynamic response of laminated glass. Similar procedures can be applied to other thermoplastics, laying the groundwork for establishing a standard calibration guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Knight
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hani Salim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hesham Elemam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ahmed Elbelbisi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Mao Q, Su B, Ma R, Li Z. Investigation of Tensile Creep Behavior for High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) via Experiments and Mathematical Model. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206188. [PMID: 34683777 PMCID: PMC8538336 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperatures of -25 °C, +5 °C, and +35 °C were selected to study the creep behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The ultimate tensile strength of HDPE materials was obtained through uniaxial tensile experiments and the time-strain curves were obtained through creep experiments. When the loaded stress levels were lower than 60% of the ultimate strength, the specimens could maintain a longer time in the stable creep stage and were not prone to necking. In contrast, the specimens necked in a short time. Then, the time hardening form model was applied to simulate the time-strain curve and the parameter values were solved. The parameter values changed exponentially with the stresses, thereby expanding and transforming the time hardening model. The expanded model can easily and accurately predict creep behaviors of the initial and stable creep stages as well as the long-term deformations of HDPE materials. This study would provide a theoretical basis and reference value for engineering applications of HDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Mao
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Q.M.); (B.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Buyun Su
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Q.M.); (B.S.); (R.M.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ruiqiang Ma
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Q.M.); (B.S.); (R.M.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Q.M.); (B.S.); (R.M.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanics Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China
- Correspondence:
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Durmus A, Ercan N, Alanalp MB, Gökkurt T, Aydin I. Effects of liquid crystal polymer and organoclay addition on the physical properties of high‐density polyethylene films. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Durmus
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical EngineeringIstanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Avcılar, Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Nevra Ercan
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical EngineeringIstanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Avcılar, Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Mine Begum Alanalp
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical EngineeringIstanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Avcılar, Istanbul 34320 Turkey
| | - Tolga Gökkurt
- Polipro Plastics, GEPOSB Inonu Mah., Cumhuriyet Cad. No: 42/1, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ismail Aydin
- Engineering Faculty, Department of Chemical EngineeringIstanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Avcılar, Istanbul 34320 Turkey
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The study on aging behaviors and critical stress of cross-linked high-density polyethylene during stress and photo-oxidative aging. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bowman A, Mun S, Nouranian S, Huddleston B, Gwaltney S, Baskes M, Horstemeyer M. Free volume and internal structural evolution during creep in model amorphous polyethylene by Molecular Dynamics simulations. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kanthabhabha Jeya RP, Bouzid AH. Compression Creep and Thermal Ratcheting Behavior of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10020156. [PMID: 30966192 PMCID: PMC6414843 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of thermal ratcheting behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) material coupled with compressive creep is presented. The research explores the adverse influence of thermal cycling on HDPE material properties under the effect of compressive load, number of thermal cycles, creep time period, and thermal ratcheting temperature range. The compressive creep analysis of HDPE shows that the magnitude of creep strain increases with increase in magnitude of applied load and temperature, respectively. The creep strain value increased by 7 and 28 times between least and maximum applied temperature and load conditions, respectively. The creep modulus decreases with increase in compressive load and temperature conditions. The cumulative deformation is evident in the HDPE material, causing a reduction in the thickness of the sample under thermal ratcheting. The loss of thickness increases with increase in the number of thermal cycles, while showing no sign of saturation. The thermal ratcheting strain (TRS) is influenced dominantly by the applied load condition. In addition, the TRS decreases with increase in creep time period, which is cited to the extended damage induced due creep. The results highlight the need for improved design standard with inclusion of thermal ratcheting phenomenon for HDPE structures particularly HDPE bolted flange joint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdel-Hakim Bouzid
- Department of Mechanical engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame O, Montréal, QC H3C1K3, Canada.
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Kühl A, Muñoz-Rojas PA, Barbieri R, Benvenutti IJ. A procedure for modeling the nonlinear viscoelastoplastic creep of HDPE at small strains. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Kühl
- Mechanical Engineering Department; Santa Catarina State University, Campus Universitário Avelino Marcante S/N; Joinville SC 89223-100 Brazil
- Vettore Engenharia Ltda. Otto Pfuetzenreuter; Joinville SC 89219-200 Brazil
| | - Pablo A. Muñoz-Rojas
- Mechanical Engineering Department; Santa Catarina State University, Campus Universitário Avelino Marcante S/N; Joinville SC 89223-100 Brazil
| | - Renato Barbieri
- Mechanical Engineering Department; Santa Catarina State University, Campus Universitário Avelino Marcante S/N; Joinville SC 89223-100 Brazil
| | - Isac J. Benvenutti
- Vettore Engenharia Ltda. Otto Pfuetzenreuter; Joinville SC 89219-200 Brazil
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Li Y, Liu W, Ren X. Critical stress of high-density polyethylene during stress and photo-oxidative aging. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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Giannopoulos IP, Burgoyne CJ. Accelerated and real-time creep and creep-rupture results for aramid fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Dean G, McCartney L, Mera R, Urquhart J. Modeling nonlinear viscoelasticity in polymers for design using finite element analysis. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Quadrini F, Squeo EA, Guglielmotti A. Indentation creep of polymers. I. Experimental. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rezgui F, G'Sell C, Dahoun A, Hiver J, Sadoun T. Plastic deformation of low-density polyethylene reinforced with biodegradable polylactide, Part 2: Creep characterization and modeling. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Habas-Ulloa A, D'Almeida JRM, Habas JP. Creep behavior of high density polyethylene after aging in contact with different oil derivates. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Liu X, Huang Y, Deng C, Wang X, Tong W, Liu Y, Huang J, Yang Q, Liao X, Li G. Study on the creep behavior of polypropylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Application of Time-Temperature-Stress Superposition Principle to Nonlinear Creep of Poly(methyl methacrylate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uniaxial tensile creep of a commercial grade Poly(methyl methacrylate) was
measured for 4000 seconds under various temperatures and stress levels ranging from 14 oC to
26 oC and 6 MPa to 32 MPa. The resultant creep compliance curves depart from each other for
stresses beyond a critical value which varies with temperature, indicating nonlinear viscoelastic
behavior. The time-temperature-stress superposition principle (TTSSP) was used to construct a
smooth master compliance curve with a much longer time-scale interval from the short-term tests at
higher stresses and temperatures. It is shown that the master curve covers a period of over 290 days,
which is nearly 3.9 decades longer than the test duration. Moreover, it is verified that the
time-temperature shift factors are dependent on stresses at which the shifts are applied, and that the
time-stress shift factors are dependent on reference temperatures.
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Liu H, Polak MA, Penlidis A. A practical approach to modeling time-dependent nonlinear creep behavior of polyethylene for structural applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Kolařík J, Pegoretti A. Non-linear tensile creep of polypropylene: Time-strain superposition and creep prediction. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Maleated and non-maleated polyethylene–montmorillonite layered silicate blown films: creep, dispersion and crystallinity. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Díez-Gutiérrez S, De Saja JA. The recovery behavior of crosslinked closed cell polyolefin foams. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Drozdov AD, Agarwal S, Gupta RK. The effect of temperature on the viscoelastic response of semicrystalline polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Kola?�k J. Tensile creep of thermoplastics: Time-strain superposition of non-iso free-volume data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Gancarz I, Poźniak G, Bryjak M, Tylus W. Modification of polysulfone membranes 5. Effect of n-butylamine and allylamine plasma. Eur Polym J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(02)00093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Mano J, Sousa R, Reis R, Cunha A, Bevis M. Viscoelastic behaviour and time–temperature correspondence of HDPE with varying levels of process-induced orientation. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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25
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Creep behaviour of high density polyethylene films having well-defined morphologies of stacked lamellae with and without an observable row-nucleated fibril structure. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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