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Coddou MF, Constantino-Casas F, Scase T, Day MJ, Blacklaws B, Watson PJ. Chronic Inflammatory Disease in the Pancreas, Kidney and Salivary Glands of English Cocker Spaniels and Dogs of Other Breeds Shows Similar Histological Features to Human IgG4-related Disease. J Comp Pathol 2020; 177:18-33. [PMID: 32505237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a common disease in the English cocker spaniel (ECS) and is characterized histologically by duct destruction, interlobular fibrosis and dense periductular and perivenous lymphocytic aggregates. These features are also found in human autoimmune pancreatitis type 1, part of a glucocorticoid-responsive, multiorgan syndrome, newly recognized as IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Human IgG4-RD affects one or several organs, often showing a predominance of IgG4+ plasma cells histologically, with an IgG4+:total IgG+ plasma cell ratio of >40%. This study investigated whether ECSs with CP and/or inflammatory disease in several organs show an increase in IgG4+ plasma cells within affected tissues. Histological sections of pancreas, liver, kidney, salivary gland and conjunctiva were obtained from ECSs with idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease affecting those tissues. Tissue samples from age-matched dogs of other breeds with similar diseases were also sampled. Control diseased tissue samples, from dogs without a suspected immune-mediated disease, were included. A subset of ECSs and dogs of other breeds presented with disease in more than one organ. Immunohistochemistry was performed with primary reagents detecting total IgG and three of the four canine IgG subclasses (IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4). Normal sections of pancreas and liver showed an absence of labelled plasma cells of any subclass. Normal kidney and salivary gland sections showed the presence of a few labelled plasma cells (<10 plasma cells/high-power field). Fourteen tissue sections from 12 ECSs and seven sections from six dogs of other breeds showed elevated numbers of IgG4+ plasma cells and IgG4+:IgG+ ratios >40%. Individual dogs (ECSs and other breeds) showed marked increases in IgG4+ cells. There were no significant differences in the number of IgG4+ plasma cells between ECSs and dogs of other breeds for affected pancreas, liver, salivary glands and conjunctiva. Kidney sections had more IgG4+ cells, for both ECSs and dogs of other breeds, than did sections from other organs. Dogs of other breeds had significantly more IgG4+ plasma cells in affected kidneys than ECSs. In conclusion, several ECSs and dogs of other breeds fulfilled the histological criteria for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, supporting the existence of a multiorgan immune-mediated disease in ECSs and some dogs of other breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Coddou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd, Bristol, UK
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B Blacklaws
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P J Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Watson P, Coddou F, Blacklaws B, Bazelle J, Day M, Constantino-Casas F. Letter to the editor regarding Immunoglobulin G4-related disease in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:542-543. [PMID: 32104928 PMCID: PMC7096626 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Penny Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fran Coddou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Blacklaws
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julien Bazelle
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, UK
| | - Michael Day
- Department of Pathology, Asia Veterinary Diagnostics, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Bristol Veterinary School, Bristol, UK
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3
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Donaghy D, Moore AR. Identification of canine IgG and its subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, by immunofixation and commercially available antisera. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 221:110014. [PMID: 32004910 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunofixation is a diagnostic and research tool used for characterizing the electrophoretic location of immunoglobulin fractions in serum and urine. Commercially available polyclonal antisera which discriminate two IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2) are available and commonly used. More recently, four IgG subclasses have been defined in the dog based on cDNA data. Archived serum from 16 dogs with naturally occurring monoclonal or biclonal gammopathies were characterized using routine serum protein electrophoresis, routine immunofixation and LCMS/MS as 3 IgA, 3 IgM, 2 IgG2, 7 IgG3 and 2 IgG4 heavy chain predominant cases. Immunofixation reactivity of a panel of commercially available antisera to these cases was characterized. The anti-human IgG antisera was the only tested antisera which bound all canine IgG restricted bands without also labelling IgA or IgM heavy chains or light chains. The tested polyclonal antisera labeled as reacting with canine IgG2 bound canine IgG2, IgG3, IgA and IgM and may label IgG1. The tested polyclonal antisera labeled as reacting with canine IgG1 bound the canine IgG4 bands but not those identified as IgA, IgM, IgG2 or IgG3 and likely did not bind IgG1. This data suggests that commercially available polyclonal IgG1 antisera (Bethyl A40 - 120A and Bio-Rad AHP947) can be used to positively but possibly not selectively identify canine IgG4 by immunofixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Donaghy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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4
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Colopy LJ, Shiu KB, Snyder LA, Avery AC, Rout ED, Moore AR. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2732-2738. [PMID: 31654456 PMCID: PMC6872619 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD), which affects many organ systems, has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity in human medicine for just over a decade but has not been previously identified in dogs. In humans, IgG4-RD is characterized by diffuse IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates that commonly lead to increased serum concentrations of IgG4 and IgE, peripheral eosinophilia, tumorous swellings that often include the parotid salivary glands, obliterative phlebitis, and extensive fibrosis. Herein we describe the diagnosis, clinical progression, and successful treatment of IgG4-RD in an 8-year-old female spayed Husky mixed breed dog. Immunoglobulin G4-related disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with vague clinical signs, lymphoplasmacytic swellings, restricted polyclonal gammopathy, eosinophilia or some combination of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Colopy
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Kai-Biu Shiu
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Laura A Snyder
- Veterinary Services, Marshfield Labs, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Emily D Rout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - A R Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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5
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Watson P. Pancreatitis in dogs and cats: definitions and pathophysiology. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:3-12. [PMID: 25586802 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas, is commonly seen in dogs and cats and presents a spectrum of disease severities from acute to chronic and mild to severe. It is usually sterile, but the causes and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. The acute end of the disease spectrum is associated with a high mortality but the potential for complete recovery of organ structure and function if the animal survives. At the other end of the spectrum, chronic pancreatitis in either species can cause refractory pain and reduce quality of life. It may also result in progressive exocrine and endocrine functional impairment. There is confusion in the veterinary literature about definitions of acute and chronic pancreatitis and there are very few studies on the pathophysiology of naturally occurring pancreatitis in dogs and cats. This article reviews histological and clinical definitions and current understanding of the pathophysiology and causes in small animals by comparison with the much more extensive literature in humans, and suggests many areas that need further study in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES
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6
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Breathnach RM, Fanning S, Mulcahy G, Bassett HF, Strobl E, Jones BR. Cutaneous infiltrates and peripheral blood immune responses in dogs with immunomodulatory-responsive lymphocytic-plasmacytic pododermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2009; 21:383-92. [PMID: 20015110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes T- and B-lymphocyte responses in the peripheral blood and lesional skin of dogs with immunomodulatory-responsive lymphocytic-plasmacytic pododermatitis (ImR-LPP), a term previously proposed to denote a subpopulation of dogs with idiopathic pododermatitis. T-cell (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ ) and B-cell (CD21+) counts were significantly increased in both the epidermis and dermis of lesional ImR-LPP skin compared with that in pedal skin from healthy controls. CD3+ , CD4+, CD8+ and CD21+ cells were commonly observed in perivascular sites in the superficial dermis, periadnexally, beneath the dermal-epidermal (DE) junction and in the epidermis of lesional ImR-LPP skin. The CD8+ /CD3+ T-cell ratio in peripheral blood was significantly increased in the ImR-LPP group (0.42 versus 0.35 in controls). Serum IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations were all significantly elevated in affected dogs. Lymphocyte stimulation indices in ImR-LPP dogs were comparable with control levels except for a lower response to ionomycin (6.0 versus 11.1). Dogs with ImR-LPP had a higher incidence and mean (semi-quantitative) score for IgA, IgG and IgM deposits in the epidermis, and a significantly increased incidence of dermal IgA+, IgG+ and IgM+ mononuclear inflammatory cells. The results indicate that upregulated T- and B-lymphocyte responses may contribute to the pathogenesis of the skin lesions observed in dogs with ImR-LPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Breathnach
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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7
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Davison L, Walding B, Herrtage M, Catchpole B. Anti-Insulin Antibodies in Diabetic Dogs Before and After Treatment with Different Insulin Preparations. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1317-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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8
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Sinkora J, Samankova P, Kummer V, Leva L, Maskova J, Rehakova Z, Faldyna M. Commercially available rabbit anti-human polyclonal antisera as a useful tool for immune system studies in veterinary species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 119:156-62. [PMID: 17659784 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have used selected rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies as an example of useful and easily available tools for studies on immune system structure and development in important veterinary species, many of which also represent animal models in biomedicine. The cocktail of anti-human Igkappa-FITC/anti-Iglambda-RPE F(ab')(2) fragments was used for two-colour and, in combination with the cross-reactive anti-CD79alpha monoclonal antibody HM-57, for three-colour flow cytometry of canine, feline, bovine and porcine peripheral B-cells. A possible application of such immunoreagents in studies on primary B-cell differentiation has been suggested in pigs; the same approach can be used in other species of interest. Rabbit anti-human lactoferrin-FITC F(ab')(2) fragment was used for visualizing neutrophils in dogs, pigs and cattle and an application for two-colour immunophenotyping of canine granulocyte subsets has been designed. Affinity isolated rabbit anti-human CD3 and anti-human TdT have been shown to represent a ready-to-use tool for in situ studies on primary T-lymphopoiesis in pigs with possible extensions both to the B-lineage development in pigs and other animal models. Altogether, our study show that carefully selected polyclonal antibodies available on the market may possess broad cross-reactivity with important applications in veterinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sinkora
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Faldyna M, Samankova P, Leva L, Cerny J, Oujezdska J, Rehakova Z, Sinkora J. Cross-reactive anti-human monoclonal antibodies as a tool for B-cell identification in dogs and pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 119:56-62. [PMID: 17673300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized a panel of commercially available anti-human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suitable for B-cell identification in pigs and dogs. The specificities of the mAbs were against CD20, CD21, CD22, and CD86. In addition to HM57, originally raised against human CD79alpha the broad cross-reactivity of which was documented more than 10 years ago, we recommend here a panel of several other mAbs as a useful tool for immunophenotyping and multicolor flow cytometry of canine and porcine B-lymphocytes. All six investigated antibodies did bind weakly to either canine or porcine lymphocytes (or both), but considerable weaker than for the human control cells. Four of them did bind to canine or porcine spleen section in immunohistochemistry. Monoclonal antibody against CD22 (clone RFB-4) was the only antibody in the tested panel the cross-reactivity of which was confirmed by Western blot. The advantages and limits of cross-reactive mAbs in studies on animal B-cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Day MJ. Immunoglobulin G subclass distribution in canine leishmaniosis: A review and analysis of pitfalls in interpretation. Vet Parasitol 2007; 147:2-8. [PMID: 17467176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Leishmania may have different outcomes in genetically distinct individuals and the course of infection is determined by the nature of the host innate and adaptive immune response. Thus in experimentally infected mice, and in naturally infected dogs or humans, the protective (self-healing or asymptomatic) phenotype is associated with the induction of Th1-regulated cell-mediated immunity. By contrast, a Th2-regulated humoral immune response is associated with severe symptomatic disease. In the murine model system there is strong correlation between clinicopathological phenotype and the nature of the antigen-specific humoral immune response. Symptomatic infection and Th2-regulation is associated with elevation in antigen-specific IgG1 and IgE, whereas asymptomatic infection with Th1-regulation is linked with IgG2a production. IgG subclass restriction is less clear in human disease with only some clinical forms being correlated to a specific serological profile. Although numerous studies have questioned whether infected dogs develop skewed IgG subclass usage, the results of these have been conflicting-suggesting bias towards IgG1 or IgG2 or neither subclass in different investigations. This confusion could relate to the specificity of the commercially available polyclonal antisera used to detect the canine IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. More meaningful results might be obtained by the use of the panel of monoclonal antibodies with well-validated specificity for all four canine IgG subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Day
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Infection and Immunity, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
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11
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Abstract
In humans, the pemphigus denomination encompasses a group of autoimmune blistering skin diseases with intraepidermal separation resulting from cell-cell detachment by acantholysis. Entities are classified based on the level of blistering in the epidermis, and both superficial (pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus) and deep (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans and paraneoplastic pemphigus) variants are recognized. In domestic animals, subsets of pemphigus have been recognized since the mid-1970s, and the disease classification resembles that used for human patients. This article reviews up-to-date knowledge on the epidemiology, clinical signs, histopathology, immunopathology and treatment outcome of superficial pemphigus in domestic animals. Detailed information on canine, feline, equine and caprine pemphigus foliaceus, canine and feline pemphigus erythematosus and canine panepidermal pustular pemphigus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research and Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Rosser
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA.
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13
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Hou CC, Day MJ, Nuttall TJ, Hill PB. Evaluation of IgG subclass responses against Dermatophagoides farinae allergens in healthy and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2006; 17:103-10. [PMID: 16515652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A semiquantitative chemiluminescent Western blot analysis system was developed and validated to evaluate antigen-specific IgG subclass responses to electrophoretically separated proteins of Dermatophagoides farinae in healthy and atopic dogs. Both groups mounted similar D. farinae-specific IgG1 and IgG4 responses to multiple antigens, but IgG2 and IgG3 responses were difficult to detect. The most commonly recognized bands in both groups were 18 and 98 kDa antigens for IgG1 and 18, 45, 66, 98, 130 and 180 kDa for IgG4. The number of bands recognized per dog did not differ significantly, but significantly more atopic dogs had an IgG1 response to a 180 kDa protein. The overall D. farinae-specific IgG1 and IgG4 responses were slightly higher, but not significantly different, in the healthy group. The results suggest that some antigens produced by D. farinae can induce different subclass responses. However, as most of these responses are seen in both healthy and atopic dogs, they are likely to merely represent recognition of foreign proteins presented to the immune system, rather than involvement in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. The role of the 180 kDa antigen warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Hou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Abstract
This article briefly reviews the concepts of immunodeficiency and immunomodulation as they relate to selected skin diseases in the dog and cat. Immunodeficiency states are uncommon and may be associated with a subnormal or down-regulated immune system, including humoral deficiencies, such as IgA, and abnormal lymphocyte or neutrophil function. Establishing a causal relationship between a skin disease and presumed immunodeficient state has been difficult due to the rarity of such conditions, and the limited nature of the techniques used to characterise the immune system response. Severe combined immunodeficiency in dogs is a well characterised primary immunodeficiency state involving lymphocytes; retrovirus infection in cats may lead to an acquired immunodeficient state with some association with certain dermatological conditions although it remains unclear that infection is causally linked with disease. Immunomodulation usually implies stimulating the immune system along a beneficial pathway. Such a therapeutic approach may involve a wide variety of agents, for example intravenous immunoglobulin. There are few randomised controlled trials with veterinary patients that unequivocally demonstrate beneficial responses to immunomodulatory agents. Interferons are cytokines of major interest in human and veterinary medicine for their antiviral, anti-tumour and immunomodulatory effects. The advent of veterinary-licensed products containing recombinant interferon may enable demonstration of the efficacy of interferons for conditions such as canine papillomatosis and feline eosinophilic granuloma complex. Canine pyoderma has been treated with a number of presumed immunomodulatory agents with limited success. With more detailed knowledge of the pathogenesis of pyoderma it may be possible to develop efficacious immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden P Foster
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, UK.
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15
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Pérez J, Arce C, Moreno A, Mozos E, Rodríguez F, Llanes D. Comparison of three monoclonal and three polyclonal antibodies in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of canine autoimmune skin diseases. Vet Dermatol 2002; 13:231-6. [PMID: 12358605 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3164.2002.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and two anticanine IgG and one anticanine IgM polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of canine autoimmune skin diseases. Skin biopsies from 11 cases of pemphigus (7 foliaceus, 3 vulgaris and 1 erythematosus), 12 cases of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and 12 cases of chronic hyperplasic dermatitis were used. The CA4E7 mAb (IgG1 + IgG2) showed similar sensitivity, but higher specificity and lower background than the two anti-IgG pAbs for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of pemphigus and DLE. The CA4F1 mAb (IgG2) and CA3H1 mAb (IgG2) showed moderate and low interepithelial reactivity, respectively, in autoimmune skin diseases, but strong staining of the cytoplasm of plasma cells of the inflammatory infiltrates. These results suggest that the CA4E7 mAb may be valuable in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Córdoba, Spain.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- T Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.
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17
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Tang L, Sampson C, Dreitz MJ, McCall C. Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding four different canine immunoglobulin gamma chains. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 80:259-70. [PMID: 11457479 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
cDNAs encoding four different canine immunoglobulin G (caIgG) gamma chains were identified in this study. One of these IgG gamma chain cDNAs, (caIgG-A), represents 92.5% of the IgG gamma chain cDNAs in a dog spleen cell cDNA library; a second partial IgG gamma chain cDNA (caIgG-B) was also identified in the library. The other two IgG gamma chain cDNAs (caIgG-C and caIgG-D) were RT-PCR amplified from canine lymphoma samples. Comparison of the four different canine IgG gamma chain cDNAs showed homologies from 83.6 to 89.2% and from 73.1 to 81.8% at nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. Despite the high similarity in CH1, CH2 and CH3 domains among the different caIgG gamma chains, the hinge regions were distinct, sharing only 19.0-35.2% homology at the amino acid level. No multiple duplication of the hinge region, as reported for human IgG1 and IgG3, was detected in any of the canine IgG gamma chains. The numbers of cysteines in the putative hinge regions were found to be 3, 2, 7 and 3 for the four canine IgG heavy gamma chains (A, B, C and D), respectively. Specific primers were designed based on caIgG gamma chain hinge region DNA sequences and were used in RT-PCR for measuring different caIgG gamma chain mRNA levels in canine PBMC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tang
- Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA.
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18
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German AJ, Hall EJ, Kelly DF, Watson AD, Day MJ. An immunohistochemical study of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in boxer dogs. J Comp Pathol 2000; 122:163-75. [PMID: 10684685 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that occurs predominantly in dogs of the boxer breed. The lesions are characterized by mucosal ulceration and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate that includes the presence of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages. However, the phenotype of the inflammatory cells has not been characterized further. In the present study, immunohistochemistry and computer-aided morphometric analysis were used to define populations of leucocyte subsets in the colon of 14 boxer dogs with HUC. Biopsies from six of these dogs included both lesional and non-lesional regions. Colonic tissue from 11 dogs of various breeds without evidence of gastrointestinal disease served as controls. In HUC lesions there were significantly more IgG(+), IgG3(+), IgG4(+)plasma cells, CD3(+)T cells, MHC class II(+)cells, L1(+)cells and PAS(+)cells in the lamina propria than in both control colon and non-lesional colonic regions of affected dogs. In the epithelial compartment, goblet cells were significantly decreased in HUC lesions compared to both control and non-lesional HUC colon, and intensity of enterocyte MHC class II expression was significantly increased. These observations are similar to those documented in human IBD, especially ulcerative colitis, and suggest an important role for the mucosal immune system in the pathogenesis of canine HUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J German
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
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19
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Pérez J, Day MJ, Mozos E. Immunohistochemical study of the local inflammatory infiltrate in spontaneous canine transmissible venereal tumour at different stages of growth. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 64:133-47. [PMID: 9661263 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the immunohistochemical distribution of CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD79 (B lymphocytes and plasma cells), IgG, IgM, IgA, IgG subclasses (IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) L1 (macrophages) and MHC Class II antigen was analysed in the inflammatory infiltrates associated with spontaneous canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVT) at different stages of growth. With all antibodies used, except IgM and IgA, the number of immunoreactive cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the infiltrate of CTVT undergoing spontaneous regression or with stable growth (14 cases), than in tumours undergoing progressive growth (nine cases). This result suggests that T lymphocytes in addition to B cells, plasma cells expressing IgG, IgG2 and IgG4, and macrophages participate in the effective immune response against CTVT and mediate spontaneous regression of the tumour. MHC Class II antigen was expressed by infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages, and also by fibroblasts within and around the tumours. Class II was also expressed by a variable number of neoplastic cells, particularly those in regressing or stable tumours with a marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. This suggests that the expression of Class II by neoplastic cells is associated with the effective immune response and regression of CTVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Córdoba, Spain.
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20
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Foster AP, O'Dair HA, DeBoer DJ. Allergen-specific IgG antibodies in cats with allergic skin disease. Res Vet Sci 1997; 63:239-43. [PMID: 9491450 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for quantifying feline serum allergen-specific IgG directed against selected house dust, pollen and flea allergens. The assay was used to compare allergen-specific IgG concentrations in sera from healthy cats, cats with non-dermatologic illness, confirmed allergic cats and undiagnosed pruritic cats. Our results demonstrate that cats with confirmed allergic skin disease have significantly more IgG directed against house dust, flea and ryegrass allergens than other cat groups examined. These results support the theory that cats with allergic skin disease have an underlying TH2 lymphocyte response that directs production of both allergen-specific IgG and IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Foster
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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21
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Olivry T, Naydan DK, Moore PF. Characterization of the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrate in canine atopic dermatitis. Am J Dermatopathol 1997; 19:477-86. [PMID: 9335242 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-199710000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sections from lesional atopic, clinically normal atopic, and normal canine skin were investigated by light microscopy and an immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies specific for canine leukocyte antigens. We confirmed that skin-infiltrating cells of canine atopic dermatitis are constituted of mast cells, dendritic antigen-presenting cells, memory helper T-lymphocytes, low numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils, and rare B-lymphocytes. The presence of epidermal eosinophil microaggregates and clustered Langerhans' cells supports the hypothesis of epidermal allergen contact. The hyperplasia of epidermal T-cells expressing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor appears specific to canine atopic dermatitis compared with its human counterpart. This finding could be explained by an interspecies difference in skin immune systems or, alternatively, by an active participation of these epitheliotropic gamma/delta T-cells in the cutaneous allergic immune response in dogs. The paucity of dermal neutrophils in spontaneous lesions of canine atopic dermatitis is notably different from the neutrophil-rich late-phase reactions provoked by intradermal allergen injections in allergic dogs. This difference in the cellular infiltrate probably results from variations in the immune reaction between single and repeated allergen exposure as well as epidermal versus dermal antigen contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Olivry
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, USA
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22
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Abstract
Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsies from 32 dogs with demodicosis is reported. There was no association between the different clinical presentations of the disease and the histopathological character of the biopsies, which included absence of inflammation (n = 2), dominant perifolliculitis (n = 11), interface mural folliculitis (n = 7), mural folliculitis (n = 1), furunculosis (n = 10) and nodular dermatitis (n = 1). In eight of 32 biopsies colonies of coccoid bacteria or Malassezia pachydermatis-like yeasts were observed. IgG-bearing plasma cells were found in similar numbers in the inflammatory infiltrates of all types of histological lesion, and were invariably more numerous than IgM or IgA plasma cells. The IgG plasma cells were largely IgG4 in lesions of perifolliculitis, but consisted of a mixture of IgG2 and IgG4 where folliculitis or furunculosis was present. CD3+T lymphocytes were prominent within the interface infiltrates of follicular epithelium and also within the lesions of furunculosis. Dermal inflammatory cells and epidermal Langerhans cells expressing MHC Class II were observed in similar number in all types of lesion. The study demonstrated an active local cutaneous immune response in canine demodicosis, which increased as the dermal pathology progressed from perifolliculitis to furunculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Day
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
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23
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Abstract
Levels of allergen-specific IgE and IgE antibodies were determined in serum samples from 60 atopic and 11 normal dogs by means of commercially available ELISA test kits and a panel of 33 allergens. In the atopic population, IgE antibodies were most commonly identified with a specificity for Dermatophagoides farinae (78.3 per cent of affected dogs), D pteronyssinus (61.6 per cent), mould mix (25 per cent) and house dust (19 per cent), whereas the most frequently detected IgG antibodies had a specificity for D farinae (38.3 per cent), D pteronyssinus (33.3 per cent), mould mix (33.3 per cent), insect mix (16.6 per cent) and meadow fescue (16.6 per cent). The IgG subclass profile of allergen-specific antibodies was determined for five representative allergens from the panel. The IgG response to D farinae and D pteronyssinus was dominated by IgG4 antibodies, although lower levels of IgG2, and IgG3 and IgG1 D pteronyssinus antibodies were also detected. The IgG response to Timothy grass was predominantly within the IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, IgG subclass selection in the response to mould mix and insect mix was broader, with relatively low level reactions from all four subclasses. The data suggest a degree of IgG subclass restriction in the humoral immune response of canine atopy which may be dependent upon the nature of the allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Day
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Langford
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24
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Abstract
A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with the four canine IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) was used to investigate the activity of IgG subclasses in autoimmune responses to erythrocytes, nuclear antigens and thyroglobulin in dogs with autoimmune disease. mAbs specific for canine IgG1 and IgG4 were able to agglutinate normal dog erythrocytes coated with purified canine IgG containing each of the four subclasses. IgG1 autoantibodies were demonstrated on the surface of erythrocytes from seven dogs with Coombs'-positive autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and IgG4 autoantibodies were also present in two of these cases. Serum antinuclear antibody was shown in nine dogs to be predominantly of IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 subclasses with only one of the dogs also producing an IgG2 antinuclear antibody. The IgG subclass profile of antinuclear antibodies differed between dogs with polyarthritis and dogs with other systemic disease. In six dogs with hypothyroidism, thyroglobulin autoantibodies of subclasses, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 predominated, but one dog also produced significant levels of IgG3 thyroglobulin autoantibodies. The mAbs are widely applicable to the study of the pathogenesis of canine autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Day
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Langford
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