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Roquis D, Lepesant JMJ, Villafan E, Boissier J, Vieira C, Cosseau C, Grunau C. Exposure to hycanthone alters chromatin structure around specific gene functions and specific repeats in Schistosoma mansoni. Front Genet 2014; 5:207. [PMID: 25076965 PMCID: PMC4099960 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic plathyhelminth responsible for intestinal schistosomiasis (or bilharzia), a disease affecting 67 million people worldwide and causing an important economic burden. The schistosomicides hycanthone, and its later proxy oxamniquine, were widely used for treatments in endemic areas during the twentieth century. Recently, the mechanism of action, as well as the genetic origin of a stably and Mendelian inherited resistance for both drugs was elucidated in two strains. However, several observations suggested early on that alternative mechanisms might exist, by which resistance could be induced for these two drugs in sensitive lines of schistosomes. This induced resistance appeared rapidly, within the first generation, but was metastable (not stably inherited). Epigenetic inheritance could explain such a phenomenon and we therefore re-analyzed the historical data with our current knowledge of epigenetics. In addition, we performed new experiments such as ChIP-seq on hycanthone treated worms. We found distinct chromatin structure changes between sensitive worms and induced resistant worms from the same strain. No specific pathway was discovered, but genes in which chromatin structure modifications were observed are mostly associated with transport and catabolism, which makes sense in the context of the elimination of the drug. Specific differences were observed in the repetitive compartment of the genome. We finally describe what types of experiments are needed to understand the complexity of heritability that can be based on genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms for drug resistance in schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roquis
- Département de Biologie, Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions (2EI)Perpignan, France
| | - Julie M. J. Lepesant
- Département de Biologie, Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions (2EI)Perpignan, France
| | - Emanuel Villafan
- CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Département de Biologie, Université Lyon 1Villeurbane, France
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C.Xalapa, México
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignan, France
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C.Xalapa, México
| | - Cristina Vieira
- CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Département de Biologie, Université Lyon 1Villeurbane, France
- Département de Biologie, Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- Département de Biologie, Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions (2EI)Perpignan, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- Département de Biologie, Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignan, France
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Écologie et Évolution des Interactions (2EI)Perpignan, France
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Hashem FM, Massoud AMA, Melokheya AM, Emad H, Abd El-Fattah Badr K, Dawoud M. Formulation and Clinical Efficacy of Myrrh Extract in Hard Gelatin Capsules. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PRODUCTS FROM NATURE 2013; 3:72-86. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2013.782763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Oliveira SC, Fonseca CT, Cardoso FC, Farias LP, Leite LC. Recent advances in vaccine research against schistosomiasis in Brazil. Acta Trop 2008; 108:256-62. [PMID: 18577363 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis continues to be a significant public health problem in tropical countries such as Brazil. Even though drug treatment in endemic areas has been shown to be efficient for controlling morbidity, it does not reduce prevalence due to constant reinfections. Therefore, a long-term disease control strategy is needed combining mass chemotherapy with a protective vaccine. Although the field of vaccine development has experienced more failures than successes, encouraging results have been obtained in recent years using defined recombinant derived Schistosoma mansoni antigens. This article primarily reviews the progress in the development of a vaccine against S. mansoni in Brazil. We discuss here different forms of vaccine tested in Brazil in pre-clinical trials and immunologic studies performed with patients in endemic areas of schistosomiasis. Lastly, we reviewed the S. mansoni genomic projects developed in the country and the recent advances in the identification of new molecules with potential as vaccine targets.
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Fonseca CT, Cunha-Neto E, Goldberg AC, Kalil J, de Jesus AR, Carvalho EM, Correa-Oliveira R, Hammer J, Sidney J, Sette A, Oliveira SC. Identification of paramyosin T cell epitopes associated with human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni reinfection. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142:539-47. [PMID: 16297167 PMCID: PMC1809527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramyosin, a Schistosoma mansoni myoprotein associated with human resistance to infection and reinfection, is a candidate antigen to compose a subunit vaccine against schistosomiasis. In this study, 11 paramyosin peptides selected by TEPITOPE algorithm as promiscuous epitopes were produced synthetically and tested in proliferation and in vitro human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR binding assays. A differential proliferative response was observed in individuals resistant to reinfection compared to individuals susceptible to reinfection in response to Para (210-226) peptide stimulation. In addition, this peptide was able to bind to all HLA-DR molecules tested in HLA-DR binding assays, confirming its promiscuity. Para (6-22) and Para (355-371) were also shown to be promiscuous peptides, because they were able to bind to the six and eight most prevalent HLA-DR alleles used in HLA-DR binding assays, respectively, and were also recognized by T cells of the individuals studied. These results suggest that these paramyosin peptides are promising antigens to compose an anti-schistosomiasis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto do Milênio, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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5
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Fonseca CT, Cunha-Neto E, Goldberg AC, Kalil J, de Jesus AR, Carvalho EM, Correa-Oliveira R, Oliveira SC. Human T cell epitope mapping of the Schistosoma mansoni 14-kDa fatty acid-binding protein using cells from patients living in areas endemic for schistosomiasis. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:204-12. [PMID: 15725385 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of a defined anti-schistosomiasis vaccine would contribute to the current control strategy mainly because immunization provides long-lasting immunity to the disease. Sm14, one of the six Schistosoma mansoni antigens selected by WHO as a candidate to compose a subunit vaccine against schistosomiasis, has been associated with resistance to S. mansoni infection in human beings and is able to induce protection in the murine model. To identify human T cell epitopes in Sm14, we used the TEPITOPE algorithm to select peptides that would most likely bind to several HLA-DR molecules. In this study, three Sm14 epitopes were selected and produced as synthetic peptides. Human T cell responses from schistosomiasis patients living in endemic areas in Brazil were determined by proliferation assay and IL-5 and IFN-gamma measurements. Differential peptide recognition and cytokine production in response to Sm14 epitopes were observed in individuals resistant to S. mansoni infection versus susceptible individuals. Sm14(32-48) and Sm14(53-69) peptides were preferentially recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of S. mansoni-resistant individuals, and Sm14(53-69) induced significant production of IFN-gamma. Additionally, Sm14(32-48) and Sm14(53-69) were "promiscuous" peptides, since they were able to induce cellular immune responses in individuals carrying 10 and 8, respectively, of the 11 HLA-DR molecules expressed in the studied population. Among Sm14 synthetic peptides tested in this study, we identified Sm14(32-48) and Sm14(53-69) as promising candidates to compose an anti-schistosomiasis vaccine, since they seem to be related to resistance to human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina T Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto do Milênio, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Bonesso-Sabadini PIP, de Souza Dias LC. Altered response of strain of Schistosoma mansoni to oxamniquine and praziquantel. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:381-5. [PMID: 12048569 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of a fourth generation Ouh strain (Paranapanema Valley, São Paulo, Brazil) of Schistosoma mansoni to oxamniquine (OXA) and praziquantel (PZQ) was studied. Ten groups of 13 female albino mice each were infected with 70 cercariae per animal. These mice were medicated orally on the 50th day after infection. Five groups were given OXA doses of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg (single doses) and the rest were treated with PZQ doses of 0, 100, 200, and 250 mg/kg/5 days. Each group was sub-divided: 8 animals underwent perfusion after 15 days treatment, 5 mice followed up for oviposition and their feces were tested every 15 days for miracidia hatching. The efficacy of the OXA doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg was 66% and 91.4%, respectively and for the 100 mg/kg PZQ dose it was 90.1%. The follow-up groups with 100 and 200 mg/kg of OXA and PZQ, 100 and 150 mg/kg, showed that they re-established the oviposition after a period of 60 to 75 days of treatment. The ED50 was 69.6 mg/kg OXA and 39.4 mg/kg PZQ. The results show the tolerance of the Ouh strain to a dose of 100 mg with both drugs and they appoint the need for a dose review during the follow up of the oviposition and in monitoring phenomena in the field.
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major, worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Disease from the organism Schistosoma mansoni results from egg deposition in the liver, intestines, and other organs and is associated with an intense, granulomatous response from the human host. Clinical manifestations range from mild to severe intestinal forms, and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, which is associated with hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and splenomegaly. This article presents information about the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis and clinical aspects of the disease, the relationship between hepatic schistosomiasis and viral infections, diagnosis, therapy, and control strategies for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bica
- Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Drug resistance in human helminths: current situation and lessons from livestock. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000. [PMID: 10755998 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.13.2.207-222.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review the available reports on drug resistance in human helminths, particularly hookworms and schistosomes, are critically analyzed. The experiences with helminths of livestock are then reviewed, in particular the factors contributing to the development of anthelmintic resistance, the mechanisms and genetics of resistance to various anthelmintic classes, and the methods available for detection. These experiences appear to be worryingly similar and relevant to the potential development of drug resistance in human helminths. Recommendations to reduce its risks are suggested.
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Geerts S, Gryseels B. Drug resistance in human helminths: current situation and lessons from livestock. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13:207-22. [PMID: 10755998 PMCID: PMC100151 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.13.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review the available reports on drug resistance in human helminths, particularly hookworms and schistosomes, are critically analyzed. The experiences with helminths of livestock are then reviewed, in particular the factors contributing to the development of anthelmintic resistance, the mechanisms and genetics of resistance to various anthelmintic classes, and the methods available for detection. These experiences appear to be worryingly similar and relevant to the potential development of drug resistance in human helminths. Recommendations to reduce its risks are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Geerts
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Geerts S, Coles GC, Gryseels B. Anthelmintic resistance in human helminths: Learning from the problems with worm control in livestock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997; 13:149-51; discussion 156. [PMID: 15275102 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-4758(97)01024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in some economically important helminths of sheep, goats and horses has increased dramatically. In some regions of Australia, South America and South Africa, anthelmintic resistance has become a serious threat to the survival of the sheep industry. Mass treatment programmes and exclusive reliance on anthelmintics for worm control in livestock are amongst the most important reasons for the development of anthelmintic resistance. In this article, Stanny Geerts, Gerald Coles and Bruno Gryseels draw the attention to a number of errors that have occurred in the control of helminths in livestock and that should be avoided in the control of worms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Geerts
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp I. Belgium.
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11
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Araújo N, de Souza CP, Passos LK, Simpson AJ, Dias Neto E, Pereira TR, Cerutti Júnior C, de Alencar FE, Dietze R, Katz N. [Susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents of Schistosoma mansoni isolates from patients treated with oxamniquine and praziquantel and not cured]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996; 29:467-76. [PMID: 8966311 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821996000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten inhabitants of Itaquara, Bahia, Brazil treated with oxamniquine and subsequently praziquantel were not cured. Schistosoma mansoni isolates derived from these patients were studied. Snails were infected with miracidia derived from the feces of these patients and the cercariae produced used to infect albino mice. The animals were then treated with a single oral dose of oxamniquine (25, 50 and 100mg/kg) or praziquantel (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). The response to chemotherapy was significantly different in some of the isolates although it was not possible to characterize any of them as resistant. In addition, DNA analysis of the isolates by means of "Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA" indicated a low degree of variability as compared with a laboratory strain, LE. Thus, it was not possible to characterize these organisms at a genetic level as a distinct strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Araújo
- Centro de Pesquisas Universidade Federal de Mínas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
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12
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Abstract
It is usual for people to be infected for some period in life with parasitic worms, which may cause morbidity or even kill. Anthelmintics are used for the treatment and control of the human helminthiases, since no vaccines are yet available. Despite the widespread use of these compounds, drug resistance has become apparent only with antischistosomal chemotherapy, in contrast to the situation with other anti-infective agents in human medicine and with veterinary anthelmintics, where resistance is widespread. This paper reviews research on drug resistance in human helminthiasis with emphasis on schistosomicidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Brindley
- Tropical Health Program, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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13
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Ghandour AM, Banaja AA, Shalaby IM. Effects of praziquantel and oxamniquine on a Saudi Arabian strain of Schistosoma mansoni in mice. J Helminthol 1990; 64:62-4. [PMID: 2110944 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00011895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prophylactic and curative effects of praziquantel and oxamniquine on a Saudi Arabian strain of Schistosoma mansoni in MF-1 mice were assessed. The drugs were administered orally. At 240 mg/kg praziquantel, there was a reduction of 89.1% in adult worm recovery and a marked reduction in tissue deposited eggs. The reduction in adult worm recovery after dosing with 50 mg/kg oxamniquine was 89.2%. At low doses (40 mg/kg praziquantel and 30 mg/kg oxamniquine) administered at 11 days, 5 days and 3 h before and 5, 21 and 49 days after infection, the reduction in adult worm recovery was 0.0%, 65.1%, 58.8%, 33.6%, 0.0% and 76.0% for praziquantel and 0.0%, 66.0%, 60.0%, 41.3%, 10.8% and 79.0% for oxamniquine. Numbers of lung schistosomula and the size of hepatic granulomata were also reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ghandour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sher A, James SL, Correa-Oliveira R, Hieny S, Pearce E. Schistosome vaccines: current progress and future prospects. Parasitology 1989; 98 Suppl:S61-8. [PMID: 2498828 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000072255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against human schistosomes in laboratory hosts is now a reality. A number of different parasite molecules have been shown to confer partial protective immunity against challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum in rodent or primate hosts. These antigens are unusually diverse in their structure and stage specificity. Interestingly, although all of the vaccine molecules characterized are situated in the tegument, their exposure on the parasite surface, in most instances, is transient and/or non-essential. The properties of four of these immunogens, glutathione-S-transferase (P26,28), paramyosin (Sm97), GP38, and GP18 are discussed. Despite the identification and recombinant synthesis of several promising protective antigens, vaccination of humans against schistosomiasis remains in the realm of fantasy. At the technical level, a major problem is the failure of any of the current vaccine immunogens and immunization protocols to induce levels of resistance sufficient for significant reduction of human infection or disease. Once this important hurdle is passed, human immunization trials should be attempted as the potential beneficial impact of a vaccine against schistosomiasis remains enormous.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Dias LC, Bruce JI, Coles GC. Variation in response of Schistosoma mansoni strains to schistosomicides. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1988; 30:81-5. [PMID: 3144034 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651988000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Coles GC, Mutahi WT, Kinoti GK, Bruce JI, Katz N. Tolerance of Kenyan Schistosoma mansoni to oxamniquine. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1987; 81:782-5. [PMID: 3130689 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 30 mg/kg oxamniquine produced high levels (85.5 to 99.5%) of egg reduction in Kenyan children infected with Schistosoma mansoni after a single oral treatment, cure rates from children at Mwea in Kirinyaga district were lower than those from Machakos (58% v. 74%). Redosing uncured children confirmed this lower cure rate (36% v. 83%). Isolates from infected children were passaged into mice and dosed with oxamniquine. Lower than expected reductions in worm numbers were obtained, suggesting that oxaminiquine tolerant S. mansoni are present in the normal worm population in Kenya. It is concluded that mass use of oxamniquine at 30 mg/kg may produce problems of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Coles
- Department of Zoology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003-0027
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Abstract
The effect of praziquantel on S. japonicum mother sporocysts, daughter sporocysts and cercariae was studied. At concentrations of 3 X 10(-7), 3 X 10(-6) and 3 X 10(-5) M and treatment times of 24 or 48 h, mother and daughter sporocysts and young cercarial embryos were not affected but nearly mature cercariae were killed and dissociated. The resistance of young cercariae could support the suggestion that the primitive cercarial epithelium arises from the sporocyst tegument. Treatment with praziquantel always stopped cercarial emission; this cessation lasted for a few days with the lowest concentration and for up to 25 d with the highest. The duration of treatment slightly affected the pattern of reappearance of cercariae but markedly affected the long-term reduction in numbers. Free cercariae treated with praziquantel lost their tails in 10 to 60 min, depending on the concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Yi
- Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Rui Fin Er Lu, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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