1
|
Furanocoumarins from Ruta chalepensis with Amebicide Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123684. [PMID: 34208750 PMCID: PMC8233766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (protozoan; family Endomoebidae) is the cause of amoebiasis, a disease related to high morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, this illness is considered a significant public health issue in developing countries. In addition, parasite resistance to conventional medicinal treatment has increased in recent years. Traditional medicine around the world represents a valuable source of alternative treatment for many parasite diseases. In a previous paper, we communicated about the antiprotozoal activity in vitro of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) against E. histolytica. The plant is extensively employed in Mexican traditional medicine. The following workup of the MeOH extract of R. chalepensis afforded the furocoumarins rutamarin (1) and chalepin (2), which showed high antiprotozoal activity on Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites employing in vitro tests (IC50 values of 6.52 and 28.95 µg/mL, respectively). Therefore, we offer a full scientific report about the bioguided isolation and the amebicide activity of chalepin and rutamarin.
Collapse
|
2
|
Vitamin supplementation increases the virulence of Entamoeba histolytica grown axenically. Parasitology 2020; 147:501-505. [PMID: 31969197 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As a consequence of axenic growth and the elimination of accompanying bacterial flora, Entamoeba histolytica virulence decreases rapidly, and pathogenicity is lost. This paper evaluated the impact of vitamin supplementation on the pathogenicity of E. histolytica. Growth of E. histolytica trophozoites, cultured axenically in PEHPS (a Spanish acronym for the main ingredients - casein peptone, liver, pancreas extract and bovine serum) medium, with or without vitamins, exhibited a similar growth rate. However, the vitamin-enriched PEHPS preparations expressed 2.65 times more haemolytic activity (at 60 min: 98 vs 48%, P < 0.05), 2.5 times more phospholipase A2 activity at 150 min of incubation and generated more hepatic abscesses (88 vs 60%, P = 0.05) than the preparations without vitamins. The haemolytic and phospholipase A2 activity for the PEHPS - V preparations were restored following vitamin supplementation with A and D. These data highlight, for the first time, that vitamins and specifically vitamin A and D were essential for the recovery of amoebic virulence, lost through axenic growth.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rangel-Castañeda IA, Carranza-Rosales P, Guzmán-Delgado NE, Hernández-Hernández JM, González-Pozos S, Pérez-Rangel A, Castillo-Romero A. Curcumin Attenuates the Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica by Regulating the Expression of Virulence Factors in an Ex-Vivo Model Infection. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030127. [PMID: 31443160 PMCID: PMC6789811 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the enteric protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is still a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries. Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of the amoebiasis, and it can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening complications in some people. ALA can be cured by metronidazole (MTZ); however, because it has poor activity against luminal trophozoites, 40–60% of treated patients get repeated episodes of invasive disease and require repeated treatments that can induce resistance to MTZ, this may emerge as an important public health problem. Anti-virulence strategies that impair the virulence of pathogens are one of the novel approaches to solving the problem. In this study, we found that low doses of curcumin (10 and 50 μM) attenuate the virulence of E. histolytica without affecting trophozoites growth or triggering liver injury. Curcumin (CUR) decreases the expression of genes associated with E. histolytica virulence (gal/galnac lectin, ehcp1, ehcp5, and amoebapore), and is correlated with significantly lower amoebic invasion. In addition, oxidative stress is critically involved in the etiopathology of amoebic liver abscess; our results show no changes in mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) after E. histolytica infection, with or without CUR. This study provides clear evidence that curcumin could be an anti-virulence agent against E. histolytica, and makes it an attractive potential starting point for effective treatments that reduce downstream amoebic liver abscess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itzia Azucena Rangel-Castañeda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Mexico
| | | | - José Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Sirenia González-Pozos
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica LaNSE, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Pérez-Rangel
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Araceli Castillo-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gonzalez-Salazar F, Meester I, Guzmán De La Garza FJ, De La Garza-Salinas LH, Sampayo-Reyes A, Garza-Gonzalez JN, Monsivais-Diaz O, Barba-Dávila BA, Hernández-García ME, Vargas-Villarreal J. "CLUPS": A New Culture Medium for the Axenic Growth of Entamoeba histolytica. J Parasitol Res 2018; 2018:2796516. [PMID: 30112194 PMCID: PMC6077601 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2796516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis remains a major health problem in Mexico. Therefore, the search for better culture media and low-cost diagnostic and therapeutic tools is fundamental. We present a new culture medium for Entamoeba histolytica which allows the microbe to preserve its virulence factors and ability to induce hepatic abscesses in animal models. The novel CLUPS medium is an improved version of the PEHPS medium, previously designed in our laboratory. The main difference is the substitution of raw beef liver in PEHPS by raw beef lung in the CLUPS medium. To compare the performance of three-culture media (traditional TYI-S-33, PEHPS, and CLUPS), E. histolytica trophozoites were cultured in quintuplicate, followed by the evaluation of phospholipase activity and the induction of liver abscesses in golden hamsters. E. histolytica trophozoites grew significantly better in CLUPS medium than in TYI-S-33. Likewise, CLUPS-cultured trophozoites produced significantly more phospholipases than TYI-S-33-cultured trophozoites. Finally, trophozoites grown in any of the three tested media had similar potential to induce liver abscesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gonzalez-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - I. Meester
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - F. J. Guzmán De La Garza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - L. H. De La Garza-Salinas
- Coordinación de Planeación y Enlace Institucional, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Delegación Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - A. Sampayo-Reyes
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - J. N. Garza-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - O. Monsivais-Diaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - B. A. Barba-Dávila
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - M. E. Hernández-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - J. Vargas-Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quintanilla-Licea R, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Kavimngeles-Hernández I, Garza-González JN, Hernández-García ME. Antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica of plants used in northeast Mexican traditional medicine. Bioactive compounds from Lippia graveolens and Ruta chalepensis. Molecules 2014; 19:21044-65. [PMID: 25517343 PMCID: PMC6271573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is associated with high morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. Only 18 extracts showed a significant inhibiting activity and among them six plant extracts showed more than 80% growth inhibition against E. histolytica at a concentration of 150 µg/mL and the IC50 values of these extracts were determined. Lippia graveolens Kunth and Ruta chalepensis Pers. showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with IC50 values of 59.14 and 60.07 µg/mL, respectively). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts from these two plants afforded carvacrol (1) and chalepensin (2), respectively, as bioactive compounds with antiprotozoal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Benito David Mata-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Fabio Bazaldúa-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Isvar Kavimngeles-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Norberto Garza-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Magda Elizabeth Hernández-García
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Modified PEHPS medium as an alternative for the in vitro culture of Giardia lamblia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:714173. [PMID: 24982905 PMCID: PMC4055402 DOI: 10.1155/2014/714173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Commercial culture media present interlot variations in biological activity. We have previously designed a homemade and economic culture medium, PEHPS medium, for the axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis. Trophozoites of amoebae and trichomonads grow well in this medium. Furthermore, the medium is stable for several months when stored frozen or refrigerated. The objective of this work was to modify PEHPS medium to support the in vitro growth of Giardia lamblia. Inocula of 5 × 10(3) trophozoites/mL of G. lamblia were incubated at 36.5°C in modified PEHPS or TYI-S-33 medium. Then, the growths of the three Giardia strains in both media were compared. The logarithmic growth phase lasted 72 h; the mean yield of the strains ranged from 10.06 to 11.43 × 10(5) Giardia trophozoites/mL, and the range of duplication time in the three strains was from 5.67 to 6.06 in modified PEHPS medium. These growth characteristics were not significantly different from those obtained with TYI-S-33 medium. We conclude that modified PEHPS medium might be used for the axenic cultivation of G. lamblia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Trichomonas vaginalis acidic phospholipase A2: isolation and partial amino acid sequence. Acta Parasitol 2013; 58:519-26. [PMID: 24338313 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-013-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases are a major cause of acute disease worldwide, and trichomoniasis is the most common and curable disease, generating more than 170 million cases annually worldwide. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causal agent of trichomoniasis and has the ability to destroy in vitro cell monolayers of the vaginal mucosa, where the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) have been reported as potential virulence factors. These enzymes have been partially characterized from the subcellular fraction S30 of pathogenic T. vaginalis strains. The main objective of this study was to purify a phospholipase A2 from T. vaginalis, make a partial characterization, obtain a partial amino acid sequence, and determine its enzymatic participation as hemolytic factor causing lysis of erythrocytes. Trichomonas S30, RF30 and UFF30 sub-fractions from GT-15 strain have the capacity to hydrolyze [2-(14)C-PA]-PC at pH 6.0. Proteins from the UFF30 sub-fraction were separated by affinity chromatography into two eluted fractions with detectable PLA A2 activity. The EDTA-eluted fraction was analyzed by HPLC using on-line HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry and two protein peaks were observed at 8.2 and 13 kDa. Peptide sequences were identified from the proteins present in the eluted EDTA UFF30 fraction; bioinformatic analysis using Protein Link Global Server charged with T. vaginalis protein database suggests that eluted peptides correspond a putative ubiquitin protein in the 8.2 kDa fraction and a phospholipase preserved in the 13 kDa fraction. The EDTA-eluted fraction hydrolyzed [2-(14)C-PA]-PC lyses erythrocytes from Sprague-Dawley in a time and dose-dependent manner. The acidic hemolytic activity decreased by 84% with the addition of 100 μM of Rosenthal's inhibitor.
Collapse
|
8
|
González-Salazar F, Garza-González JN, Hernandez-Luna CE, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Carranza-Rosales P, Castro-Garza JE, Hernández-García ME, Vargas-Villarreal J. Sphingomyelinase activity of Trichomonas vaginalis extract and subfractions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:679365. [PMID: 24024206 PMCID: PMC3760288 DOI: 10.1155/2013/679365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is one of the most common acute sexually transmitted curable diseases, and it is disseminated worldwide generating more than 170 million cases annually. Trichomonas vaginalis is the parasite that causes trichomoniasis and has the ability to destroy cell monolayers of the vaginal mucosa in vitro. Sphingomyelinases (SMase) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide and phosphorylcholine. Ceramide appears to be a second messenger lipid in programmed apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Sphingomyelinase is probably a major source of ceramide in cells. Signal transduction mediated by ceramide leads cells to produce cytokine induced apoptosis during several inflammatory responses. SMase are also relevant toxins in several microorganisms. The main objective of this research is to identify SMase activity of T. vaginalis in the total extract (TE), P30, and S30 subfractions from brooked trophozoites. It was found that these fractions of T. vaginalis have SMase activity, which comes principally from P30 subfraction and was mainly type C. Enzymatic activity of SMase increased linearly with time and is pH dependent with two peaks by pH 5.5 and pH 7.5. The addition of manganese to the reaction mixture increased the SMase activity by 1.97.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco González-Salazar
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Avenida Morones Prieto 4500 Pte, 66238 San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico
| | - Jesús N. Garza-González
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Hernandez-Luna
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Benito David Mata-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Manuel L Barragán S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Enrique Castro-Garza
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Magda Elizabeth Hernández-García
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correo No. 4, 2 de abril 501 Colonia Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heredia-Rojas JA, Torres-Flores AC, Rodríguez-De la Fuente AO, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Rodríguez-Flores LE, Barrón-González MP, Torres-Pantoja AC, Alcocer-González JM. Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis: Trophozoite growth inhibition by metronidazole electro-transferred water. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:80-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Vargas-Villarreal J, Palacios-Corona R, Hernández-Luna C, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Torres de la Cruz VM, Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, González-Salazar F, Garza-González JN, Escobedo-Guajardo BL, Said-Fernández S. Entamoeba histolytica: Soluble and membrane-associated neutral sphingomyelinase-C and other unidentified esterase activity. Exp Parasitol 2010; 125:394-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Carranza-Rosales P, Santiago-Mauricio MG, Guzmán-Delgado NE, Vargas-Villarreal J, Lozano-Garza G, Ventura-Juárez J, Balderas-Rentería I, Morán-Martínez J, Gandolfi AJ. Precision-cut hamster liver slices as an ex vivo model to study amoebic liver abscess. Exp Parasitol 2010; 126:117-25. [PMID: 20412797 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amoebiasis, the second cause of global morbidity and mortality due to parasitic diseases in humans. In approximately 1% of the cases, amoebas penetrate the intestinal mucosa and spread to other organs, producing extra-intestinal lesions, among which amoebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common. To study ALA, in vivo and in vitro models are used. However, animal models may pose ethical issues, and are time-consuming and costly; and cell cultures represent isolated cellular lineages. The present study reports the infection of precision-cut hamster liver slices with Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. The infection time-course, including tissue damage, parallels findings previously reported in the animal model. At the same time amoebic virulence factors were detected in the infected slices. This new model to study ALA is simple and reproducible, and employs less than 1/3 of the hamsters required for in vivo analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correos No. 4, Apartado Postal 020, Colonia Independencia, Monterrey, NL, CP 64720, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lara-Díaz VJ, Gaytán-Ramos ÁA, Dávalos-Balderas AJ, Santos-Guzmán J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Barbosa-Quintana A, Sanson M, López-Reyes AG, Moreno-Cuevas JE. Microbiological and Toxicological Effects of Perla Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) Extracts:In VitroandIn VivoStudies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:81-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Said Fernández S, Ramos Guerra MC, Mata Cárdenas BD, Vargas Villarreal J, Villarreal Treviño L. In vitro antiprotozoal activity of the leaves of Artemisia ludoviciana. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:466-8. [PMID: 15975735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The inhabitants of Northeast of Mexico use an infusion of leaves from Artemisia ludoviciana as an antidiarrheal remedy. The aqueous, methanol, acetone and hexane leaf extracts from mature plants were found to be active in vitro against the parasitic protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Said Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, I. M. S. S. Ave. 2 de Abril y San Luis Potosí, Colonia Independencia, C. P. 64720, Monterrey, N. L., México.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barrón-González MP, Villarreal-Treviño L, Verduzco-Martínez JA, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Morales-Vallarta MR. Entamoeba invadens: in vitro axenic encystation with a serum substitute. Exp Parasitol 2005; 110:318-21. [PMID: 15955331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current media for axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba invadens are supplemented with bovine or equine serum, which provides several essential nutrients to amoebas. Serum has also been considered an essential component in encystation media for E. invadens. A substitute of serum, PACSR has been described as an alternative for growth of E. histolytica and also maintains growth of E. invadens. When PACSR was used instead of serum for encystation of E. invadens the efficiency was the same as for serum. Our present data show that PACSR can support the growth and induction of encystation of E. invadens strain IP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Barrón-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Knowledge of the biology and pathogenesis of the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica has been limited by the lack of efficient procedures to induce axenic encystation in the laboratory. However, such methods have been developed for E. invadens, a reptilian parasite, for which encystation can be induced by mechanisms that are as yet poorly defined. This has allowed the analysis of some morphological, physiological and biochemical events that accompany differentiation into cysts. Elucidation of these changes will lead to a better understanding of the process and therefore to the possibility of controlling it. Here, Everardo López-Romero and Julio Cézar Villagómez-Castro emphasize the metabolism of cyst-wall polymers as a potential target to inhibit cyst formation with specific drugs that would be in principle, harmless to the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E López-Romero
- Departamento de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dagci H, Balcioglu IC, Ertabaklar H, Kurt O, Atambay M. Effectiveness of peptone-yeast extract (P-Y) medium in the cultivation and isolation of Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar in Turkish patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 45:127-30. [PMID: 12614984 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Amebiasis is a common protozoan infection worldwide, causing serious health problems in both children and adults. Today, almost 10% of the world population is infected with Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar. The aims of this study were both the comparison of the reproduction rates and densities of E. histolytica/E. dispar in Robinson, Dobell-Laidlaw and P-Y culture media and isolation of E. histolytica/E. dispar from stool samples in Peptone-Yeast (P-Y) medium. Trophozoites and cysts of E. histolytica/E. dispar, maintained in Robinson medium, and stool samples of patients with amebiasis were inoculated into P-Y, Robinson and Dobell-Laidlaw culture media. Reproduction rates reached their peak levels 48 h after the inoculation in all culture media. Reproduction rates in P-Y and Robinson media were found similar; however, they were higher than the reproduction rate in Dobell-Laidlaw medium (p < 0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the reproduction rates of P-Y and Robinson media (p > 0.05). Twelve isolates from 12 patients were cultivated in P-Y medium and checked for reproduction everyday for 7 days. Twelve of the 12 (100%) isolates were cultivated in P-Y medium, indicating that the P-Y was an effective medium for the isolation of E. histolytica/E. dispar in stool samples. According to these results, P-Y medium could be preferred in immunologic, serologic and molecular studies and, thus the definitive diagnosis of amebiasis due to its low cost and simple formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Dagci
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vargas-Villarreal J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, González-Salazar F, Lozano-Garza HG, Cortes-Gutierrez EI, Palaclos-Corona R, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Ramírez-Bon E, Said-Fernández S. Trichomonas vaginalis: identification of a phospholipase A-dependent hemolytic activity in a vesicular subcellular fraction. J Parasitol 2003; 89:105-12. [PMID: 12659311 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0105:tvioap]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonad total extracts (TTE), or vesicular (P30) and soluble (530) subcellular fractions from 3 pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis strains (GT-3. GT-13. and GT-15), lysed both human and Sprague-Dawley rat erythrocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The entire hemolytic activity of TTE was located in P30, showing 2 peaks of maximum activity, one at pH 6.0 and another at pH 8.0. in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. Hemolytic activity on rat erythrocytes was greater at pH 6.0 16.71 +/- 0.33 hemolytic units IHU]/mg/hr to 11.60 +/- 0.24 HU/mg/hr) than at pH 8.0 (3.81 +/- 0.30 HU/mg/hr to 5.75 +/- 0.65 HU/mg/hr). and it was greater than that on human red blood cells at pH 6.0 (2.67 +/- 0.19 HU/mg/hr to 4.08 +/- 0.15 HU/mg/hr) or pH 8.0 (2.24 +/- 0.0 9 HU/mg/hr to 2.81 +/- 0.06 HU/mg/hr). The alkaline and acidic hemolytic activity diminished (60-93% at pH 6.0 and 78-93% at pH 8.0) by the effect of 80 microM Rosenthal's inhibitor, which also inhibited 27-45% and 29-54% trichomonad alkaline and acidic phospholipase A activities, respectively. Vesicles, vacuoles, and hydrogenosomes were rich in P30. Trichomonas vaginalis has a hemolytic PLA, which could be involved in its cytopathogenic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Administración de Correos No. 4, Apartado Postal 020-E, Colonia Independencia, Monterrey, CP 64720, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bharti N, Husain K, Gonzalez Garza MT, Cruz-Vega DE, Castro-Garza J, Mata-Cardenas BD, Naqvi F, Azam A. Synthesis and in vitro antiprotozoal activity of 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3475-8. [PMID: 12419387 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several thiosemicarbazone derivatives of 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde were prepared by the simple process in which N(4)-thiosemicarbazone moiety was replaced by aliphatic, arylic and cyclic amine. Among these thiosemicarbazones compound 11 showed significant antiamoebic activity whereas compound 3 was more active antitrichomonal than the reference drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Bharti
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clark CG, Diamond LS. Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15:329-41. [PMID: 12097242 PMCID: PMC118080 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.15.3.329-341.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultivation of luminal protistan parasites has a long history. In this review we discuss the methods and media that are most widely used for the establishment and maintenance of the following organisms in culture: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Blastocystis hominis, and Balantidium coli. While cultivation is of limited importance in the diagnostic laboratory, it is essential to most research laboratories, and it is toward the latter that this review is primarily aimed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Graham Clark
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, Great Britain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bharti N, Gonzalez Garza MT, Cruz-Vega DE, Castro-Garza J, Saleem K, Naqvi F, Maurya MR, Azam A. Synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity of benzimidazole derivatives and their vanadium and molybdenum complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:869-71. [PMID: 11958982 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [MoO(2)(acac)(2)] (where, acac=acetyl acetone) and KVO(3) with 2-(salicylidieneimine) benzimidazole lead to form new complexes [MoO(2)(sal-BMZ)(2)] and K [VO(2)(sal-BMZ)(2)] [where, sal-BMZ=2-(salicylidieneimine) benzimidazole], which showed the monobasic bidentate nature of the ligand in which the phenolic oxygen and the imine nitrogen of the ligand are coordinated to the metal ion. These complexes were characterized along with nine other complexes of oxoperoxovanadium (V), molybdenum (Vl) and tungsten (Vl) with benzimidazole derivatives and screened in vitro by micro dilution technique for their amoebicidal activity with a view to search for a more effective agent against Entamoeba histolytica suggests that compound 2 and 3 might be endowed with important antiamoebic properties since they showed IC(50 )values in a microM range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Bharti
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, -110025, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Said-Fernández S, Campos-Góngora E, González-Salazar F, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Vargas-Villarreal J, Viader-Salvadó JM. Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ stimulate Entamoeba histolytica to produce chitin-like material. J Parasitol 2001; 87:919-23. [PMID: 11534662 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0919:mmacse]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of Entamoeba histolytica cyst cell wall synthesis is not well understood. Previous research has shown that cyst-like structures formed in the presence of chitin synthase cofactors (Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) resist 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis (RCLS), whereas those formed in the absence of cofactors (CLS) do not, and trophozoites are immediately destroyed. This suggests that E. histolytica is able to synthesize chitin, initiating a differentiation process under axenic conditions. To test this hypothesis, polysaccharide hydrolysates from E. histolytica trophozoites, CLS, or RCLS were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The major components found in all 3 preparations were N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and glucose (GLC), with RCLS possessing 129 and 180 times more NAG and 2.4 and 2.0 more GLC than trophozoites and CLS, respectively. After 36 hr of incubation with chitinase (16 U/ml) in a hypotonic medium (50 mOsm/kg), 68% of RCLS was lysed, and 100% lost affinity for calcofluor white M2R. The RCLS polysaccharides bound wheat germ agglutinin and appeared as long and thin or short and thick fibers. Accordingly, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ stimulated E. histolytica to synthesize a chitin-like material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
González-Garza MT, Castro-Garza J, Cruz-Vega DE, Vargas-Villarreal J, Carranza-Rosales P, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Siller-Campos L, Said-Fernández S. Entamoeba histolytica: diminution of erythrophagocytosis, phospholipase A(2), and hemolytic activities is related to virulence impairment in long-term axenic cultures. Exp Parasitol 2000; 96:116-9. [PMID: 11052870 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2000.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M T González-Garza
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, Administración de Correos, No. 4, Apartado Postal 20, CP 64720, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, González-Salazar F, Martínez-Rodríguez H, Morales-Vallarta M, Said-Fernández S. Entamoeba histolytica is unable to use free cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids under axenic cultivation conditions. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S212-3. [PMID: 11070288 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B D Mata-Cárdenas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
González-Salazar F, Viader-Salvadó JM, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Campos-Góngora E, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Said-Fernández S. Identification of seven chemical factors that favor high-quality Entamoeba histolytica cyst-like structure formation under axenic conditions. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S192-3. [PMID: 11070279 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F González-Salazar
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cruz-Vega DE, Aguilar A, Castro-Garza J, González-Garza MT. Antiamebic activity of aqueous extracts from five medicinal plants from Northeastern Mexico. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S17-8. [PMID: 11070206 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D E Cruz-Vega
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Campos-Góngora E, Viader-Salvadó JM, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Zuñiga-Charles MA, Galindo JM, Said-Fernández S. Mg, Mn, and Co ions enhance the formation of Entamoeba histolytica cyst-like structures resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:162-8. [PMID: 10880721 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entamoeba histolytica forms cyst-like structures (CLS) in PEHPS but not in TYS-33 medium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate [(SDS (0.1%)] dissolves most of them in 10 min, but not natural cysts. Chitin is responsible mainly for cyst wall resistance. Its synthesis depends on Mg(2)+, Mn(2)+, or Co(2)+, whose action is interactive. With the aid of the Simplex method, we analyzed the effect of 20 blends of these cations to find the one that, when added to PEHPS, produced the highest proportion of CLS resistant to 1% SDS (RCLS). METHODS The concentration of Mg(2)+, Mn(2)+, and Co(2)+ was determined in PEHPS and TYI-S-33 with a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The proportion of RCLS produced in PEHPS with each ion blend was tested. The CLS and RCLS affinity to fluorescein wheat germ agglutinin (WGA/FITC), which binds chitin, was determined. RESULTS PEHPS contained a similar concentration of Co(2)+ (0.52 microM) and 3.4 and 1.6 times more Mg(2)+ (798 microM) and Mn(2)+ (3.15 microM) than TYI-S-33, respectively. The proportion of RCLS increased gradually in PEHPS until reaching 3.6 +/- 1.43% with MgCl(2) 1.22 mM, MnCl(2) 14.44 mM, and CoCl(2) 19.44 mM (ion blend No. 20). Both CLS and RCLS bound WGA/FITC. The RCLS formed in the presence of ion blend No. 20 appeared wrinkled. CONCLUSIONS Mg(2)+, Mn(2)+, and Co(2)+ enhanced the ability of PEHPS to form RCLS, possibly because these ions stimulated their chitin synthesis. Although ion blend No. 20 produced the highest proportion of RCLS, this high ion concentration may be toxic for encysting amebas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Campos-Góngora
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Teresa González-Garza M, Said-Fernández S. In vitro anti-trichomonad effectiveness of a gossypol-metronidazol blend. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1997; 9:57-60. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(97)00026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/1997] [Accepted: 04/23/1997] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Mata-Cárdenas BD, Morales-Vallarta M, Vargas-Villarreal J, Said-Fernández S. PACSR: a serum replacement for axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 90:586. [PMID: 8944281 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B D Mata-Cárdenas
- División de Biología Celular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vargas-Villarreal J, Martínez-Rodríguez H, Castro-Garza J, Mata-Cárdenas BD, González-Garza MT, Said-Fernández S. Identification of Entamoeba histolytica intracellular phospholipase A and lysophospholipase L1 activities. Parasitol Res 1995; 81:320-3. [PMID: 7624291 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica phospholipase A and lysophospholipase activities from a vesicular subcellular fraction (P30) were analyzed. The products, obtained using specific substrates labeled with 14C or 3H, indicated the presence of phospholipase A1 and A2 as well as lysophospholipase L1 activities. The enzymes detected could participate in phospholipid metabolism and the alkaline phospholipase A2 may contribute to E. histolytica cytopathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, N.L. México
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
González-Garza MT, Matlin SA, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Said-Fernández S. Differential effects of the (+)- and (-)-gossypol enantiomers upon Entamoeba histolytica axenic cultures. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993; 45:144-5. [PMID: 8095532 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The in-vitro anti-amoebic effects of (+/-)-, (+)-, (-)-gossypol and emetine were tested against axenic trophozoites from five Entamoeba histolytica strains. The (-)-isomer was more active than the racemate and the (+)-isomer. These results indicate that the gossypol anti-amoebic activity is mainly due to its content of (-)-gossypol in all strains tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T González-Garza
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Said-Fernández S, Mata-Cárdenas BD, González-Garza MT, Navarro-Marmolejo L, Rodríguez-Pérez E. Entamoeba histolytica cysts with a defective wall formed under axenic conditions. Parasitol Res 1993; 79:200-3. [PMID: 8493243 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Axenic HK9 Entamoeba histolytica strain amoebae, maintained in PEHS medium, displayed several cystic characteristics that involve an active process of cystic wall formation, cellular volume and density diminution, and one or two nuclear divisions. The differentiation process was asynchronic, beginning after the logarithmic growth phase. The axenic cysts, which were maintained in a 50 mOsm/kg medium at 4 degrees C for 72 h, produced growing trophozoites within 1-7 days of incubation at 36 degrees C in fresh medium. Negative results were obtained with trophozoites submitted to the above treatment, and with axenic cysts maintained in double-distilled water at 4 degrees C for 24 h, or in 0.1% sarkosyl, for 10 min at room temperature instead of 55 mosmol/kg medium. Thus, the HK9 E. histolytica strain, cultured in PEHPS, produced under axenic conditions a small proportion of mature, metabolically active cysts, but with an immature or abnormal wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Said-Fernández S, Mata-Cárdenas BD. Axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica in suspension. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1992; 86:173-4. [PMID: 1440780 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90557-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marinkelle CJ, Guhl F, Aguirre A, Devia F. A modification of Diamond's medium for the axenic culture of Entamoeba histolytica. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1991; 85:746-7. [PMID: 1801343 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(91)90441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of casein hydrolysate in Diamond's axenic culture medium TPS-1 in replacement of trypticase allowed good growth of the trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. This modified medium also supported growth of trophozoites preserved for 16 months in liquid nitrogen. Considerable labour and cost of serum can be saved by using 5% instead of 10% bovine serum in combination with this modified medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Marinkelle
- Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zurita M, Alagón A, Vargas-Villarreal J, Lizardi PM. The Entamoeba histolytica rDNA episome: nuclear localization, DNAase I sensitivity map, and specific DNA-protein interactions. Mol Microbiol 1991; 5:1843-51. [PMID: 1766368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional features of the extrachromosomal DNA element that contains the ribosomal RNA genes of Entamoeba histolytica were studied using a variety of techniques. Using in situ hybridization, the element was found to be distributed along the inner phase of the nuclear membrane in the trophozoite stage; it appears to be part of the so-called peripheral chromatin. DNAase I-sensitive regions on the episome were mapped and found to correspond to the borders of the ribosomal RNA coding region. Other DNAase I-sensitive regions were found to correspond to DNA containing a 145bp sequence that exists in the episome as tandem repeats. Electrophoretic shift assays and footprinting experiments demonstrate the existence of specific nuclear factors that bind specifically to the 145bp repeat. Preliminary analysis of the binding factors showed that a 28 kDa polypeptide is a likely candidate for a specific DNA:protein interaction involving the repetitive element. These results suggest that a protein-binding domain within the 145bp repeat may have a specific function in the episome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gonzalez-Garza MT, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Said-Fernández S. High susceptibility of five axenic Entamoeba histolytica strains to gossypol. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989; 83:522-4. [PMID: 2559507 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiamoebic potency of gossypol was tested against 5 axenic Entamoeba histolytica strains, in logarithmic phase growth in PEHPS medium. All of the strains were moderately susceptible to this polyphenolic drug. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was of the same order of magnitude in all strains: 0.015 microM (for strain HM-1) to 0.067 microM (for HM-38). The difference between the IC50 of HM-1 and the remaining 4 strains (HM-38, HK-9, HM-2 and HM-3) was significant, although it was greater between HM-1 and HM-38 (P less than 0.005) than between HM-1 and the other 3 strains (P less than 0.05), for which the IC50 was 0.03 microM, 0.049 microM and 0.38 microM respectively. Gossypol is more toxic in vitro for amoebae than other drugs widely used clinically, its pharmacological effects and safe dosage in humans are well known because of its antifertilizing effect, and it is accumulated mainly in the liver and colon. Accordingly, this compound could be a good antiamoebic agent if it is as potent in vivo as it is in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Gonzalez-Garza
- División de Biología Celular, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gonzalez-Garza MT, Said-Fernandez S. Entamoeba histolytica: potent in vitro antiamoebic effect of gossypol. Exp Parasitol 1988; 66:253-5. [PMID: 2899518 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(88)90097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M T Gonzalez-Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | |
Collapse
|