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Ghrairi S, Essalah K, Crousse B, Barhoumi-Slimi T. β-chlorovinylaldehydes as intermediates in the synthesis of new substituted β–fluoroalkoxyvinyl aldehydes and corresponding alcohols. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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2
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Meyer D, El Qacemi M. Applications of 2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233xf): A Rapid Entry to Various β-Substituted-trifluoromethyl-ethenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3479-3484. [PMID: 32281805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient base-promoted reaction of O-, N-, and S-nucleophiles with 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoprop-1-ene (HCFO-1233xf) is described providing access to various β-substituted-trifluoromethyl-ethenes under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic investigations shed some light on the regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivities observed. The olefins prepared represent attractive intermediates in chemical discovery: some applications include their conversion to pyrrolidines via a [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction. These weakly basic amines represent novel synthons that could be readily elaborated through a range of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meyer
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Stein, Switzerland
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3
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Rappoport Z, Avramovitch B, Karni M, Apeloig Y. Thiocyanate Ion Promoted
E ⇌ Z
Isomerization of a‐Bromo‐β,β‐Diactivated Electrophilic Olefins: An Apparent High Nucleofugality of NCS
−. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Rappoport
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Bianca Avramovitch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Miriam Karni
- Department of Chemistry, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Department of Chemistry, Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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4
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Ochiai M, Okubo T, Miyamoto K. Weakly Nucleophilic Conjugate Bases of Superacids as Powerful Nucleophiles in Vinylic Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitutions of Simple β-Alkylvinyl(aryl)-λ3-bromanes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3342-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200479p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Ochiai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takuji Okubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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5
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Rappoport Z. The rich mechanistic world of nucleophilic vinylic (SN
V) substitution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19851041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Nenajdenko VG, Muzalevskiy VM, Shastin AV, Balenkova ES, Kondrashov EV, Ushakov IA, Rulev AY. Fragmentation of Trifluoromethylated Alkenes and Acetylenes by N,N-Binucleophiles. Synthesis of Imidazolines or Imidazolidines (Oxazolidines) Controlled by Substituent. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5679-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101107t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksey V. Shastin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | | | - Evgeniy V. Kondrashov
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Igor A. Ushakov
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Rulev
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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7
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Miyamoto K, Okubo T, Hirobe M, Kunishima M, Ochiai M. Effects of stereochemistry and β-substituents on the rates of vinylic SN2 reaction of hypervalent vinyl(phenyl)-λ3-iodanes with tetrabutylammonium halides. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Muzalevskiy VM, Nenajdenko VG, Rulev AY, Ushakov IA, Romanenko GV, Shastin AV, Balenkova ES, Haufe G. Selective synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl-β-aryl enamines or vinylogous guanidinium salts by treatment of β-halo-β-trifluoromethylstyrenes with secondary amines under different conditions. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Poulsen T, Dickmeiss G, Overgaard J, Jørgensen K. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Versatile γ-Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4687-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Poulsen T, Dickmeiss G, Overgaard J, Jørgensen K. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Versatile γ-Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Aleksiev D, Ivanova S, Valeva R. Nucleophilic reactions of ethylene derivatives. I. Reaction of α-iodo-β-nitrostyrene with sulfinic acids. J Sulphur Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990701759883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Aleksiev
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University “Prof. Asen Zlatarov” , Bourgas, Bulgaria
| | - Sonja Ivanova
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University “Prof. Asen Zlatarov” , Bourgas, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Valeva
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University “Prof. Asen Zlatarov” , Bourgas, Bulgaria
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12
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Bell M, Poulsen TB, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution by α-Substituted-α-Cyanoacetates under Phase-Transfer Conditions. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3053-6. [PMID: 17371076 DOI: 10.1021/jo070024p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic enantioselective formation of vinyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary stereocenters via nucleophilic vinylic substitution by alpha-substituted-alpha-cyanoacetates is presented. The reaction proceeds well for different alpha-substituted-alpha-cyanoacetates and beta-chloroalkenones using a dimeric cinchona alkaloid phase-transfer catalyst giving the products in good yield and with enantioselectivities up to 98% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bell
- Danish National Research Foundation: Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Ali M, Biswas S, Rappoport Z, Bernasconi CF. Kinetics and mechanism of reactions of substituted (methylthio)benzylidene Meldrum's acids with primary amines in aqueous DMSO. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Poulsen TB, Bernardi L, Bell M, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Poulsen TB, Bernardi L, Bell M, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6551-4. [PMID: 16953500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Poulsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation, Center for Catalysis Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen versus vinylic substitution of halogen in the reactions of carbanions of halomethyl aryl sulfones with dialkyl halofumarates and halomaleates. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Kinetics and Mechanism of the Addition of Benzylamines to Benzylidene Meldrum's Acids in Acetonitrile. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Bach RD, Baboul AG, Schlegel HB. Inversion versus retention of configuration for nucleophilic substitution at vinylic carbon. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5787-93. [PMID: 11403613 DOI: 10.1021/ja010234y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-level computational study using CCSD, CCSD(T), and G2(+) levels of theory has shown that unactivated vinyl substrates such as vinyl chloride would afford gas phase, single-step halide exchange by a pure in-plane sigma-approach of the nucleophile to the backside of the C--Cl sigma bond. Geometry optimization by CCSD/6-31+G* and CCSD(T)/6-31+G* confirms the earlier findings of Glukhovtsev, Pross, and Radom that the S(N)2 reaction of Cl(-) with unactivated vinyl chloride in the gas phase occurs by a sigma attack. Complexation of vinyl chloride with Na(+) does not alter this in-plane sigma preference. However, moderately activated dihaloethylenes such as 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene undergo gas-phase S(N)2 attack by the accepted pi-route where the nucleophile approaches perpendicular to the plane of the C==C. In the latter case a single-step pi pathway is preferred for the Cl(-) + H(2)C==CFCl reaction. This is the first definitive example at a high level of theory where a single-step pi nucleophilic vinylic substitution is preferred over a multistep mechanism in the gas phase. The activation barriers for these gas-phase single-step sigma- and pi-processes involving both naked anions and Na(+) complexes are, however, prohibitively high. Solvation and the presence of a counterion must play a dominant role in nucleophilic vinylic substitution reactions that proceed so readily in the condensed phase. In solution, nucleophilic vinylic substitution reactions involving electron-withdrawing groups on the carbon--carbon double bond (e.g., -CN, -CHO, and -NO(2)) would almost certainly proceed via a free discrete carbanionic intermediate in accord with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Bach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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19
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Li HG, Kim CK, Lee BS, Kim CK, Rhee SK, Lee I. Nucleophilic substitution at the imidoyl carbon atom: intermediate mechanistic and reactivity behavior between carbonyl and vinyl carbon substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:2326-33. [PMID: 11456881 DOI: 10.1021/ja0033584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions at the imidoyl carbon have been investigated using chloride exchanges, Cl- + RY=CHCl right harpoon over left harpoon RY=CHCl + Cl- with Y = N and R = F, H or CH3, at the MP2, B3LYP and G2(+) levels using the MP2/6-311+G geometries. The results are compared with those for the vinyl (Y = CH) and carbonyl (Y = O) carbon substitution. The mechanism and reactivity of substitution at the imidoyl carbon are intermediate between those of carbonyl (SNpi) and vinyl carbon (SNsigma) substitution, which is directly related to the electronegativity of Y, CH < N < O. The prediction of competitive SNsigma with SNpi path for the imidoyl chloride is consistent with the S(N)1-like mechanism proposed for reactions in solution. The important factors in favor of an in-plane concerted SN2 (SNsigma) over an out-of-plane pi-attack (SNpi) path are (i) lower proximate sigma-sigma* charge-transfer energies (DeltaECT), (ii) stronger electrostatic stabilization (DeltaENCT), and (iii) larger lobe size on C(alpha) for the sigma*- than pi*-LUMO despite the higher sigma* than pi* level. The electron correlation energy effects at the MP2 level are overestimated for the relatively delocalized structure (S(N)pi TS) but are underestimated for the localized structure (SNsigma TS) so that the MP2 energies lead to a wrong prediction of preferred reaction path for the vinyl chloride. The DFT at the B3LYP level predicts correct reaction pathways but overestimates the electron correlation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Li
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Inchon, 402-751, Korea
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20
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Bartoli G, Marcantoni E, Petrini M, Sambri L. A Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-α, β-Unsaturated Ketones Involving the Reactions of Organocerium Reagents with Secondary β-Enamino Ketones. Chemistry 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19960020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Oh C, Yi I, Park KP. Nucleophilic vinylic substitution of halocoumarins and halo-l,4-naphthoquinones with morpholine. J Heterocycl Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570310426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Ochiai M, Oshima K, Masaki Y. Synthesis of (Z)-1,2-Dihalo-1-alkenes by the Reaction of (Z)-(β-Halovinyl)phenyliodonium Salts with n-Bu4NX or KX/CuX. Competitions between Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitutions and Aromatic Substitutions. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Jalander LF. Vinylic Nonionic Substitutions of Ethyl ( E)- and ( Z)-3-Chloro-2-cyano-3-phenylpropenoate by Alcohols. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919308013787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Ochiai M, Oshima K, Masaki Y, Kunishima M, Tani S. Nucleophilic vinylic substitutions of (Z)-(β-(phenylsulfonyl)-alkenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborates with sodium benzenesulfinate: Stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Nucleophilic vinylic substitutions of (Z)-(β-(phenylsulfonyl)-alkenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborates with tetrabutyl-ammonium halides: retention of configuration. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80572-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Park KP, Ha HJ. Stereochemistry in Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution of Activated Nitro Olefins. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1990. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.63.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Ghio C, Tomasi J, Weill J, Sillion B. On the acidic properties of compounds with CC or NN electrophilic double bonds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(86)80066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Fiandanese V, Marchese G, Naso F. Variable stereochemical course in the reaction of 1-benzenesulphonyl-2-bromo- and -2-fluoro-ethenes with dialkyl and diphenyl cuprates. J Organomet Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)89107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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