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VanderWeide A, Prokopchuk DE. Cyclopentadienyl ring activation in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00501-1. [PMID: 37258685 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand is a cornerstone of modern organometallic chemistry. Since the discovery of ferrocene, the Cp ligand and its various derivatives have become foundational motifs in catalysis, medicine and materials science. Although largely considered an ancillary ligand for altering the stereoelectronic properties of transition metal centres, there is mounting evidence that the core Cp ring structure also serves as a reservoir for reactive protons (H+), hydrides (H-) or radical hydrogen (H•) atoms. This Review chronicles the field of Cp ring activation, highlighting the pivotal role that Cp ligands can have in electrocatalytic H2 production, N2 reduction, hydride transfer reactions and proton-coupled electron transfer.
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2
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Liang H, Guo W, Li J, Jiang J, Wang J. Chiral Arene Ligand as Stereocontroller for Asymmetric C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204926. [PMID: 35445516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of chiral ligands is the most fundamental task in metal-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis. In the last 60 years, various kinds of ligands have been sophisticatedly developed. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to develop practically useful chiral η6 -arene ligands, thereby seriously hampering the asymmetric synthesis promoted by arene-metal catalysts. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a class of readily tunable, C2 -symmetric chiral arene ligands derived from [2.2]paracyclophane. Its ruthenium(II) complexes have been prepared and successfully applied in the enantioselective C-H activation to afford a series of axially chiral isoquinolones (up to 99 % yield and 96 % ee). This study not only lays chemists' longstanding doubts about whether it is possible to use chiral arene ligands to stereocontrol ruthenium(II)-catalyzed asymmetric C-H activation, but also opens up a new avenue to achieve asymmetric C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weicong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Liang H, Guo W, Li J, Jiang J, Wang J. Chiral Arene Ligand as Stereocontroller for Asymmetric C−H Activation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Weicong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Junxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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4
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Chamkin AA. Teaching cyclopentadienyl how to leave: a case study of [CpIr(COD)Br] + complex. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work was motivated by a recent report that describes the substitution of the cyclopentadienyl ring in [CpIr(COD)Br]+ with P(OMe)3 in mild conditions. We have shown that the first step...
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5
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Zhang S, Moudgil K, Jucov E, Risko C, Timofeeva TV, Marder SR, Barlow S. Organometallic hydride-transfer agents as reductants for organic semiconductor molecules. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Bingham TW, Hernandez LW, Olson DG, Svec RL, Hergenrother PJ, Sarlah D. Enantioselective Synthesis of Isocarbostyril Alkaloids and Analogs Using Catalytic Dearomative Functionalization of Benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:657-670. [PMID: 30520639 PMCID: PMC6488038 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective total syntheses of the anticancer isocarbostyril alkaloids (+)-7-deoxypancratistatin, (+)-pancratistatin, (+)-lycoricidine, and (+)-narciclasine are described. Our strategy for accessing this unique class of natural products is based on the development of a Ni-catalyzed dearomative trans-1,2-carboamination of benzene. The effectiveness of this dearomatization approach is notable, as only two additional olefin functionalizations are needed to construct the fully decorated aminocyclitol cores of these alkaloids. Installation of the lactam ring has been achieved through several pathways and a direct interconversion between natural products was established via a late-stage C-7 cupration. Using this synthetic blueprint, we were able to produce natural products on a gram scale and provide tailored analogs with improved activity, solubility, and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner W. Bingham
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lucas W. Hernandez
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel G. Olson
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Riley L. Svec
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Wertjes WC, Southgate EH, Sarlah D. Recent advances in chemical dearomatization of nonactivated arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7996-8017. [PMID: 30073226 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00389k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions provide a synthetic connection between readily available, simple aromatic starting materials and more saturated intermediates of greater molecular complexity and synthetic utility. The last decade has witnessed a steady increase in the development of dearomative methods, providing new synthetic approaches to high-value building blocks and natural products. This review highlights advances both in the area of dearomatization methodologies for the most chemically inert arenes and in synthetic applications of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Wertjes
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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8
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Hernandez LW, Klöckner U, Pospech J, Hauss L, Sarlah D. Nickel-Catalyzed Dearomative trans-1,2-Carboamination. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4503-4507. [PMID: 29544244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of an arenophile-mediated, nickel-catalyzed dearomative trans-1,2-carboamination protocol. A range of readily available aromatic compounds was converted to the corresponding dienes using Grignard reagents as nucleophiles. This strategy provided products with exclusive trans-selectivity and high enantioselectivity was observed in case of benzene and naphthalene. The utility of this methodology was showcased by controlled and stereoselective preparation of small, functionalized molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W Hernandez
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Ulrich Klöckner
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jola Pospech
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Lilian Hauss
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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9
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Hernandez LW, Pospech J, Klöckner U, Bingham TW, Sarlah D. Synthesis of (+)-Pancratistatins via Catalytic Desymmetrization of Benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15656-15659. [PMID: 29059521 PMCID: PMC5960067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of (+)-pancratistatin and (+)-7-deoxypancratistatin from benzene using an enantioselective, dearomative carboamination strategy has been achieved. This approach, in combination with the judicious choice of subsequent olefin-type difunctionalization reactions, permits rapid and controlled access to a hexasubstituted core. Finally, minimal use of intermediary steps as well as direct, late stage C-7 hydroxylation provides both natural products in six and seven operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W. Hernandez
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jola Pospech
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ulrich Klöckner
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tanner W. Bingham
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Lohrey TD, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Olefin‐Supported Rhenium(III) Terminal Oxo Complexes Generated by Nucleophilic Addition to a Cyclopentadienyl Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D. Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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11
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Lohrey TD, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Olefin-Supported Rhenium(III) Terminal Oxo Complexes Generated by Nucleophilic Addition to a Cyclopentadienyl Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14241-14245. [PMID: 28929597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the oxo ReV β-diketiminate, OReCl2 (BDI), with various cyclopentadienide (Cp) sources has been investigated. As a result, we have developed a route to a new class of terminal oxo complexes of ReIII supported by olefin moieties of substituted cyclopentadienes. The success of this pathway is due to the electrophilic nature of the Cp ligand in the cation, [ORe(η5 -Cp)(BDI)]+ (3+ ), which allows for nucleophilic attack by a variety of reagents under mild conditions. In contrast, t BuNC was found to attack at the oxo moiety to produce isocyanate by oxygen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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12
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Alvarez B, Alvarez MA, García ME, García-Vivó D, Ruiz MA. C-C and C-N Couplings Following Hydride Addition on Isocyanide Cyclopolyenyl Dimolybdenum Complexes to Give Tethered Aldimine and Aminocarbene Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:14027-14038. [PMID: 28776777 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [Mo2 Cp2 (μ-κ1 :κ1 ,η6 -PMes*)(CO)2 ] with S or Se followed by protonation with [H(OEt2 )2 ](BAr'4 ) gave the cationic derivatives [Mo2 Cp2 {μ-κ2P,E :κ1P ,η5 -EP(C6 H3 tBu3 )}(CNR)(CO)2 ](BAr'4 ) (E=S; R=tBu, iPr, Ph, 4-C6 H4 OMe, Xyl; or E=Se; R=tBu; Ar'=3,5-C6 H3 (CF3 )2 ). Reaction of the latter with K[BHsBu3 ] yielded the aldimine complexes [Mo2 Cp2 {μ-κ2P,E :κ2P,N ,η4 -SP(C6 H3 tBu3 (CHNR))}(CO)2 ] and their aminocarbene isomers [Mo2 Cp2 {μ-κ2P,E :κ2P,C ,η4 -SP(C6 H3 tBu3 (NRCH))}(CO)2 ] (R ≠ Xyl), following C-C and C-N couplings, respectively. Monitoring of these reactions revealed that the initial H- attack takes place at a Cp ligand to give cyclopentadiene intermediates [Mo2 Cp{μ-κ2P,S :κ1P ,η5 -SP(C6 H3 tBu3 )}(η4 -C5 H6 )(CNR)(CO)2 ], which then undergo C-H oxidative addition to give the hydride isomers [Mo2 Cp2 {μ-κ2P,S :κ1P ,η3 -SP(C6 H3 tBu3 )}(H)(CNR)(CO)2 ]. In turn, the latter rearrange to give the aldimine and aminocarbene complexes. DFT calculations revealed that the hydride intermediates first undergo migratory insertion of the isocyanide ligand into the Mo-H bond to give unobservable formimidoyl intermediates, which then evolve either by nucleophilic attack of the N atom on the C6 ring (C-N coupling) or by migratory insertion of the formimidoyl ligand into the C6 ring (C-C coupling). Our data suggest that increasing the size of the substituent R at the isocyanide ligand destabilizes the aldimine isomer to a greater extent, thus favoring formation of the aminocarbene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Angeles Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Esther García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Veinot AJ, Todd ADK, Masuda JD. A Bulky m
-Terphenyl Cyclopentadienyl Ligand and Its Alkali-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Veinot
- Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Angela D. K. Todd
- Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Jason D. Masuda
- Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
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14
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Veinot AJ, Todd ADK, Masuda JD. A Bulky m
-Terphenyl Cyclopentadienyl Ligand and Its Alkali-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11615-11619. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Veinot
- Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Angela D. K. Todd
- Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - Jason D. Masuda
- Atlantic Centre for Green Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
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16
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Ryan DE, Cardin DJ, Hartl F. η3-Allyl carbonyl complexes of group 6 metals: Structural aspects, isomerism, dynamic behaviour and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Glowacka PC, Maindron N, Stephenson GR, Romieu A, Renard PY, da Silva Emery F. Synthesis and photophysical properties of iron-carbonyl complex–coumarin conjugates as potential bimodal IR–fluorescent probes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Tricarbonyliron(0) complexes of bio-derived η4 cyclohexadiene ligands: An approach to analogues of oseltamivir. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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D'Amato EM, Neumann CN, Ritter T. Selective Aromatic C-H Hydroxylation Enabled by η6-Coordination to Iridium(III). Organometallics 2015; 34:4626-4631. [PMID: 26877574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an aromatic C-H hydroxylation protocol in which the arene is activated through η6-coordination to an iridium(III) complex. η6-Coordination of the arene increases its electrophilicity and allows for high positional selectivity of hydroxylation at the site of least electron density. Through investigation of intermediate η5-cyclohexadienyl adducts and arene exchange reactions, we evaluate incorporation of arene π-activation into a catalytic cycle for C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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20
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Ylijoki KEO, Kirk AD, Böcklein S, Witherell RD, Stryker JM. Cobalt-Mediated η5-Pentadienyl/Alkyne [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Substitution Effects, Bicyclic Synthesis, and Photochemical η4-Cycloheptadiene Demetalation. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai E. O. Ylijoki
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3C3
| | - Andrew D. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sebastian Böcklein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Ross D. Witherell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Jeffrey M. Stryker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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21
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Vikse KL, McIndoe JS. Mechanistic insights from mass spectrometry: examination of the elementary steps of catalytic reactions in the gas phase. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReal-time mass spectrometric monitoring of speciation in a catalytic reaction while it is occurring provides powerful insights into mechanistic aspects of the reaction, but cannot be expected to elucidate all details. However, mass spectrometers are not limited just to analysis: they can serve as reaction vessels in their own right, and given their powers of separation and activation in the gas phase, they are also capable of generating and isolating reactive intermediates. We can use these capabilities to help fill in our overall understanding of the catalytic cycle by examining the elementary steps that make it up. This article provides examples of how these simple reactions have been examined in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Vikse
- 1Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI G 220, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- 2Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065 Victoria, BC V8W3V6, Canada
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Braunschweig H, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Radacki K, Shang R. A metal-mediated boron-centred isomerisation reaction via C–H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16569-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The terminal borylene ligand is activated by Lewis bases to couple with terminal carbonyl ligands reversibly, initially forming a kinetic coupling product, which isomerises via a borylene migratory insertion to a cyclopentadienyl ligand C–H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - J. Oscar C. Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry
- Division of Natural and Exact Sciences
- University of Guanajuato
- 36050 Guanajuato
- Mexico
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Rong Shang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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Rapakousiou A, Wang Y, Ciganda R, Lasnier JM, Astruc D. Click Chemistry of an Ethynylarene Iron Complex: Syntheses, Properties, and Redox Chemistry of Cationic Bimetallic and Dendritic Iron-Sandwich Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlan Wang
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Roberto Ciganda
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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25
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Wang Y, Latouche C, Rapakousiou A, Lopez C, Ledoux-Rak I, Ruiz J, Saillard JY, Astruc D. Uncatalyzed Hydroamination of Electrophilic Organometallic Alkynes: Fundamental, Theoretical, and Applied Aspects. Chemistry 2014; 20:8076-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Miller AJM, Kaminsky W, Goldberg KI. Arene Activation at Iridium Facilitates C–O Bond Cleavage of Aryl Ethers. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Karen I. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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27
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Yeh MCP, Chu CH, Sun ML, Kang KP. Study on the Nucleophilic Addition to (η4-Cis-1-Methoxy-1,3-Butadiene)Iron Tricarbonyl Complex. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Hong FE, Chang YT, Chen CT. Chromium Tricarbonyl η6-Complexes of (η5-Cyclopentadienyl)(η4-1,3-Diphenylcyclobutadiene)Cobalt. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Alvarez MA, Alvarez B, García ME, García-Vivó D, Ruiz MA. Stepwise hydrogenation of an arylthiophosphinidene isocyanide complex to give tethered aldimine and aminocarbene functions. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11039-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Ali Khan M, Mahon MF, Lowe JP, Stewart AJW, Lewis SE. Valuable New Cyclohexadiene Building Blocks from Cationic η5-Iron-Carbonyl Complexes Derived from a Microbial Arene Oxidation Product. Chemistry 2012; 18:13480-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Liang L, Ruiz J, Astruc D. The Efficient Copper(I) (Hexabenzyl)tren Catalyst and Dendritic Analogues for Green “Click” Reactions between Azides and Alkynes in Organic Solvent and in Water: Positive Dendritic Effects and Monometallic Mechanism. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(11)00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Taube R, Windisch H, Maiwald S. The catalysis of the stereospecific butadiene polymerization by Allyl Nickel and Allyl Lanthanide complexes - A mechanistic comparison. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19950890137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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36
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(10)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Casey CP, Boller TM, Samec JSM, Reinert-Nash JR. Quantitative Determination of the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Addition to η-Propargyl Rhenium Complexes and Direct Observation of an Equilibrium Between η-Propargyl Rhenium Complexes and Rhenacyclobutenes. Organometallics 2010; 28:123-131. [PMID: 20046997 DOI: 10.1021/om800739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PMe(3) adds selectively to the central carbon of the η(3)- propargyl complex [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(η(3)-CH(2)C≡CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (1-t-Bu) to form the metallacyclobutene [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(CH(2)C(PMe(3))=CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (7). The rate of rearrangement of the metallacyclobutene 7 to η(2)-alkyne complex [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(η(2)-Me(3)PCH(2)C≡CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (8) is is independent of phosphine concentration, consistent with a dissociative mechanism proceeding via η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu. The rate of this rearrangement is 480 times slower than the rate of exchange of PMe(3) with the labeled metallacyclobutene 7-d(9). This rate ratio provides an indirect measurement of the regioselectivity for addition of PMe(3) to the central carbon of η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu to give 7 compared to addition to a terminal carbon to give 8. The addition of PPh(3) to 1-t-Bu gives the metallacyclobutene [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(CH(2)C(PPh(3))=CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (11). Low temperature (1)H NMR spectra provide evidence for an equilibrium between metallacyclobutene 11 and η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu (K(eq) ≈ 44 M(-1) at -46 °C and ΔG° (0 °C) = -1.2 ± 0.2 kcal mol(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706
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38
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Štíbr B, Bakardjiev M, Holub J, Růžička A, Kvíčalová M. Systematic Method for the Incorporation of the {(η6-Arene)Fe} Fragment into Carborane Cages via [(η6-Arene)Fe]2+ Dications. A Series of [3-(η6-Arene)-closo-3,1,2-FeC2B9H11] Complexes. Reliable Synthesis of Polymethylated [(η6-Arene)2Fe]2+ Cations. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:10904-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901982q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Štíbr
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - M. Bakardjiev
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Kvíčalová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
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39
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Relative stability of half-sandwich η6-benzene Ru(II) complexes of tridentate (2-pyridyl)alkylamine ligands of varying chelate ring-size: Nucleophilic addition of hydride ion onto the benzene ring. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Bolton PD, Feliz M, Cowley AR, Clot E, Mountford P. Ti═NR vs Ti−R′ Functional Group Selectivity in Titanium Imido Alkyl Cations from an Experimental Perspective. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Bolton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marta Feliz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrew R. Cowley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Clot
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philip Mountford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K., and Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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41
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(08)00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Chaudhury S, Lindeman S, Donaldson WA. Generation of molecular complexity from cyclooctatetraene: synthesis of a protected 2-(3′-carboxy-2′-benzoylcyclopentyl)glycine. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Schörshusen S, Heck J. Metal-Mediated Transformations of Cyclooctatetraene to Novel Methylene-Bridged, Bicyclic Compounds. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schörshusen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)01371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)00834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(07)00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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48
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Lectka T, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(06)01801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Maresca L, Natile G. Cationic Complexes of Platinum(l1) Containing Olefins: A Type of Highly Electrophilic Substrate. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/02603599408035853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Lectka T, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(06)00771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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