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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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Forson M, Bashiru M, Macchi S, Singh S, Anderson AD, Sayyed S, Ishtiaq A, Griffin R, Ali N, Oyelere AK, Berry B, Siraj N. Cationic Porphyrin-Based Ionic Nanomedicines for Improved Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5662-5675. [PMID: 38063308 PMCID: PMC10777306 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of monosubstituted cationic porphyrin as a photodynamic therapeutic agent. Cationic porphyrin was converted into ionic materials by using a single-step ion exchange reaction. The small iodide counteranion was replaced with bulky BETI and IR783 anions to reduce aggregation and enhance the photodynamic effect of porphyrin. Carrier-free ionic nanomedicines were then prepared by using the reprecipitation method. The photophysical characterization of parent porphyrin, ionic materials, and ionic nanomaterials, including absorbance, fluorescence and phosphorescence emission, quantum yield, radiative and nonradiative rate, and lifetimes, was performed. The results revealed that the counteranion significantly affects the photophysical properties of porphyrin. The ionic nanomaterials exhibited an increase in the reactive oxygen yield and enhanced cytotoxicity toward the MCF-7 cancer cell line. Examination of results revealed that the ionic materials exhibited an enhanced photodynamic therapeutic activity with a low IC50 value (nanomolar) in cancerous cells. These nanomedicines were mainly localized in the mitochondria. The improved light cytotoxicity is attributed to the enhanced photophysical properties and positive surface charge of the ionic nanomedicines that facilitate efficient cellular uptake. These results demonstrate that ionic material-based nanodrugs are promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Forson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Mujeebat Bashiru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Samantha Macchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Sarbjot Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Ashley Danyelle Anderson
- Arkansas State Crime Laboratory, 3 Natural Resources Dr, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Shehzad Sayyed
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Arisha Ishtiaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Robert Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Brian Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Noureen Siraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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Robbins E, Leroy-Lhez S, Villandier N, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Prospects for More Efficient Multi-Photon Absorption Photosensitizers Exhibiting Both Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Luminescence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206323. [PMID: 34684904 PMCID: PMC8541311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of two-photon absorption (TPA) for such applications as microscopy, imaging, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers several advantages over the usual one-photon excitation. This creates a need for photosensitizers that exhibit both strong two-photon absorption and the highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as, ideally, bright luminescence. This review focuses on different strategies utilized to improve the TPA properties of various multi-photon absorbing species that have the required photophysical properties. Along with well-known families of photosensitizers, including porphyrins, we also describe other promising organic and organometallic structures and more complex systems involving organic and inorganic nanoparticles. We concentrate on the published studies that provide two-photon absorption cross-section values and the singlet oxygen (or other ROS) and luminescence quantum yields, which are crucial for potential use within PDT and diagnostics. We hope that this review will aid in the design and modification of novel TPA photosensitizers, which can help in exploiting the features of nonlinear absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robbins
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Macchi S, Zubair M, Hill R, Alwan N, Khan Y, Ali N, Guisbiers G, Berry B, Siraj N. Improved Photophysical Properties of Ionic Material-Based Combination Chemo/PDT Nanomedicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7708-7718. [PMID: 35006702 PMCID: PMC8900487 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a cost-effective and prompt approach to develop ionic material-based combination nanodrugs for cancer therapy is presented. A chemotherapeutic (phosphonium) cation and photodynamic therapeutic (porphyrin) anion are combined using a single step ion exchange reaction. Afterward, a nanomedicine is prepared from this ionic materials-based combination drug using a simplistic strategy of reprecipitation. Improved photophysical characteristics such as a slower nonradiative rate constant, an enhanced phosphorescence emission, a longer lifetime, and a bathochromic shift in absorbance spectra of porphyrin are observed in the presence of a chemotherapeutic countercation. The photodynamic therapeutic activity of nanomedicines is investigated by measuring the singlet oxygen quantum yield using two probes. As compared to the parent porphyrin compound, the synthesized combination material showed a 2-fold increase in the reactive oxygen species quantum yield, due to inhibition of face-to-face aggregation of porphyrin units in the presence of bulky chemotherapeutic ions. The dark cytotoxicity of combination therapy nanomedicines in the MCF-7 (cancerous breast) cell line is also increased as compared to their corresponding parent compounds in vitro. This is due to the high cellular uptake of the combination nanomedicines as compared to that of the free drug. Further, selective toxicity toward cancer cells was acquired by functionalizing nanomedicine with folic acid followed by incubation with MCF-7 and MCF-10A (noncancerous breast). Light toxicity experiments indicate that the synthesized ionic nanomedicine shows a greater cell death than either parent drug due to the improved photophysical properties and effective combination effect. This facile and economical strategy can easily be utilized in the future to develop many other combination ionic nanomedicines with improved photodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Macchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Mohd Zubair
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Robert Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Nabeel Alwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Grégory Guisbiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Brian Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Noureen Siraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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Mishra PK, Kumar A, Verma AK. BF3-Etherate-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-formylarylketones with electron-rich arenes/heteroarenes: an assembly of isobenzofurans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6122-6125. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and BF3·Et2O-catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of diversified 1,3-diarylisobenzofuran in a high yield has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110007
- India
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Huang C, Hu Y, Zheng Y, Drees M, Pan H, Facchetti A. New Alkoxy-Functionalized Naphthodithiophene-Based Semiconducting Oligomers and Polymers. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hsu DT, Lin CH. Synthesis of benzo[c] and naphtho[c]heterocycle diesters and dinitriles via homoelongation. J Org Chem 2010; 74:9180-7. [PMID: 19904927 DOI: 10.1021/jo901754w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of benzo[c] and naphtho[c]heterocycle diesters and dinitriles were achieved via our newly developed iterative elongation protocol. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these conjugated systems are explored.
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Jacq J, Einhorn C, Einhorn J. A Versatile and Regiospecific Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3-Diarylisobenzofurans. Org Lett 2008; 10:3757-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Jacq
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO), UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier, 301 Rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Cathy Einhorn
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO), UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier, 301 Rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jacques Einhorn
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO), UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier, 301 Rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Donyagina VF, Kovshev EI, Luk”yanets EA. Phthalocyanines and related compounds: XLI. Synthesis of 9,10-diphenylanthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036320604027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kobayashi N, Nakajima SI, Ogata H, Fukuda T. Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Electrochemistry of Tetra-tert-butylated Tetraazaporphyrins, Phthalocyanines, Naphthalocyanines, and Anthracocyanines, together with Molecular Orbital Calculations. Chemistry 2004; 10:6294-312. [PMID: 15526320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tetraazaporphyrins (TAPs), phthalocyanines (Pcs), naphthalocyanines (Ncs), and anthracocyanines (Acs) with four tert-butyl groups attached at similar positions have been synthesized, and their electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), IR, and voltammetric properties were studied and interpreted with the help of quantum-mechanical calculations. Through the preparation of a series of compounds with the same number of the same substituent, the effects of the increase in the size of the ring system were clearly derived. The main results may be summarized as follows. 1) The Q band shifts to longer wavelength and its intensity increases, but with decreasing degree of change with increasing molecular size. If the size of the effect of benzene directly fused to the TAP skeleton is set at unity, the effects of the second and third benzene units are roughly 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. 2) The splitting of the Q bands in metal-free compounds decreases with increasing molecular size, so that the Q bands of H2Nc and H2Ac appear as single bands. 3) The magnitude of the orbital angular momentum of the excited state of the ligand decreases with increasing molecular size. 4) Interestingly, the ring current, as judged from the positions of pyrrole proton signals in the 1H NMR spectrum, appears to decrease with increasing molecular size. 5) The first reduction potential becomes less negative, but only slightly, whereas the first oxidation potential shows a marked shift to less positive values with increasing molecular size, indicating that the HOMO destabilizes significantly as the molecule becomes larger. 6) In 5), the extent of the HOMO destabilization with molecular size differs depending on the central metal, so metals producing smaller destabilization effects can allow larger macrocycles. Of the metals studied, the most effective is cobalt, and the practical size limit is represented by the Acs. 7) The IR spectra become simpler the larger the molecule, and the main bands were assigned by DFT calculations. 8) The trend in experimentally determined redox potentials and electronic absorption and MCD spectra were reasonably reproduced by MO calculations using the ZINDO/S Hamiltonian. 9) EPR data for several metallocomplexes are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Friedrichsen W. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Benzo[c]furans and Related Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 73 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Nardello V, Brault D, Chavalle P, Aubry JM. Measurement of photogenerated singlet oxygen () in aqueous solution by specific chemical trapping with sodium 1,3-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diethanoate. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nardello V, Azaroual N, Cervoise I, Vermeersch G, Aubry JM. Synthesis and photooxidation of sodium 1,3-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diethanoate: A new colorless and water-soluble trap of singlet oxygen. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)01004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nieuwint AW, Aubry JM, Arwert F, Kortbeek H, Herzberg S, Joenje H. Inability of chemically generated singlet oxygen to break the DNA backbone. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1985; 1:1-9. [PMID: 3880013 DOI: 10.3109/10715768509056532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of a photodynamic and a chemical source of singlet molecular oxygen to cause DNA strand breakage at pH 7.8 was compared in the following systems: (1) dissolved rose bengal plus light (400-660 nm), (2) a novel water-soluble naphthalene-derived endoperoxide showing temperature-dependent singlet oxygen release, in the absence of light. Covalently closed circular DNA was efficiently converted to the open (relaxed) form upon exposure to dissolved rose bengal plus light in a time-dependent reaction, showing that this system was capable of causing DNA strand breakage at pH 7.8. The reaction was greatly reduced under hypoxic conditions (less than 5 p.p.m. O2), was stimulated when using D2O instead of H2O as a solvent and was not inhibitable by superoxide dismutase, indicating that singlet oxygen was a critical intermediate. However, comparatively large fluxes of singlet oxygen generated by the endoperoxide completely failed to produce DNA strand breaks. We conclude that, although singlet oxygen seems to play a role in DNA strand breakage by rose bengal plus light, singlet oxygen per se is very inefficient if not completely incapable of causing DNA strand breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Nieuwint
- Antropogenetisch Instituut, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Aubry J, Schmitz C, Rigaudy J, Cuong NK. Échange de substituants en série anthracénique par cyclo-additions suivies d'éliminations spontanées. Tetrahedron 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)91837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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