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Giglio ML, Boland W, Heras H. Egg toxic compounds in the animal kingdom. A comprehensive review. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1938-1969. [PMID: 35916025 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1951 to 2022Packed with nutrients and unable to escape, eggs are the most vulnerable stage of an animal's life cycle. Consequently, many species have evolved chemical defenses and teamed up their eggs with a vast array of toxic molecules for defense against predators, parasites, or pathogens. However, studies on egg toxins are rather scarce and the available information is scattered. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of animal egg toxins and to analyze the trends and patterns with respect to the chemistry and biosynthesis of these toxins. We analyzed their ecology, distribution, sources, occurrence, structure, function, relative toxicity, and mechanistic aspects and include a brief section on the aposematic coloration of toxic eggs. We propose criteria for a multiparametric classification that accounts for the complexity of analyzing the full set of toxins of animal eggs. Around 100 properly identified egg toxins are found in 188 species, distributed in 5 phyla: cnidarians (2) platyhelminths (2), mollusks (9), arthropods (125), and chordates (50). Their scattered pattern among animals suggests that species have evolved this strategy independently on numerous occasions. Alkaloids are the most abundant and widespread, among the 13 types of egg toxins recognized. Egg toxins are derived directly from the environment or are endogenously synthesized, and most of them are transferred by females inside the eggs. Their toxicity ranges from ρmol kg-1 to mmol kg-1, and for some species, experiments support their role in predation deterrence. There is still a huge gap in information to complete the whole picture of this field and the number of toxic eggs seems largely underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías L Giglio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Prof. Dr Rodolfo R. Brenner", INIBIOLP, CONICET CCT La Plata - Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. .,Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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2
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Majhi S. Applications of ultrasound in total synthesis of bioactive natural products: A promising green tool. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105665. [PMID: 34298310 PMCID: PMC8322467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesisis frequently compared to climbing as it provides a suitable route to reach a high point from the floor, the complex natural product from simple and commercially available materials. The total synthesis has a privileged position of trust in confirming the hypothetical complex structures of natural products despite sophisticated analytical and spectroscopic instrumentation and techniques that are available presently. Moreover, total synthesis is also useful to prepare rare bioactive natural products in the laboratory as several bioactive secondary metabolites are obtained in small quantities from natural sources. The artistic aspect of the total synthesis of bioactive natural products continues to be praised today as it may provide environmental protection through the concept of green or clean chemistry. The use of ultrasound waves as a non-polluting source of energy is of great interest in the field of sustainable and pharmaceutical chemistry as it differs from conventional energy sources in terms of reaction rates, yields, selectivities, and purity of the products. The present review highlights the application of ultrasound as a green tool in the total synthesis of bioactive natural products as well as this article is also aimed to offer an overview of natural sources, structures, and biological activities of the promising natural products for the first time from 2005 to 2020 elegantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasadhar Majhi
- Department of Chemistry (UG & PG), Triveni Devi Bhalotia College, Raniganj, West Bengal 713347, India.
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Alvarenga N, Payer SE, Petermeier P, Kohlfuerst C, Meleiro Porto AL, Schrittwieser JH, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydropinidine Enabled by Concurrent Multienzyme Catalysis and a Biocatalytic Alternative to Krapcho Dealkoxycarbonylation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Alvarenga
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan E. Payer
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Petermeier
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Kohlfuerst
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - André Luiz Meleiro Porto
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Eskici M, Karanfil A. Stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,6-disubstituted piperidines from 1,2-cyclic sulfamidates. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yadav NN, Choi J, Ha HJ. One-pot multiple reactions: asymmetric synthesis of 2,6-cis-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids from chiral aziridine. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6426-34. [PMID: 27189444 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A divergent, new, and highly stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,6-disubstituted piperidine natural products including isosolenopsins, deoxocassine, and spectaline was achieved from chiral aziridine decorated with appropriate alkyl chains for isosolenopsins or alkynyl groups for deoxocassine and spectaline at C2. The characteristic feature of this synthesis is one-pot sequential reactions under atmospheric hydrogen including the reduction of alkyne (for deoxocassine and spectaline), reductive ring-opening of aziridine, debenzylation, and intramolecular reductive amination in high yields. The prerequisite aziridines were elaborated from commercially available (2S)-hydroxymethylaziridine through oxidation, Wittig olefination, and the Grignard reaction for isosolenopsins or substrate-controlled lithium alkynylate addition for deoxocassine and spectaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Nath Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Kyunggi-Do 17035, Korea.
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Kyunggi-Do 17035, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Joon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Kyunggi-Do 17035, Korea.
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Damodar K, Jun JG. An Expeditious Stereoselective Synthesis of (−)-Pinidinone from Ethyl Acetoacetate. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kongara Damodar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Medicine; Hallym University; Chuncheon 200-702 Korea
| | - Jong-Gab Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Natural Medicine; Hallym University; Chuncheon 200-702 Korea
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Bhat C, Tilve SG. Recent advances in the synthesis of naturally occurring pyrrolidines, pyrrolizidines and indolizidine alkaloids using proline as a unique chiral synthon. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Simon RC, Grischek B, Zepeck F, Steinreiber A, Belaj F, Kroutil W. Regio- and Stereoselective Monoamination of Diketones without Protecting Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Simon RC, Grischek B, Zepeck F, Steinreiber A, Belaj F, Kroutil W. Regio- and Stereoselective Monoamination of Diketones without Protecting Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6713-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Yus M, Carlos González-Gómez J, Medjahdi M, Foubelo F. Enantioselective Synthesis of cis- and trans-2-Methyl-6-nonylpiperidines: Alkaloids Solenopsin and Isosolenopsin. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reddy CR, Latha B. Synthesis of (−)-dihydropinidine, (2S,6R)-isosolenopsin and (+)-monomorine via a chiral synthon from l-aspartic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Kavala M, Mathia F, Kožíšek J, Szolcsányi P. Efficient total synthesis of (+)-dihydropinidine, (-)-epidihydropinidine, and (-)-pinidinone. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:803-808. [PMID: 21410219 DOI: 10.1021/np100852p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids (+)-dihydropinidine (1), (-)-epidihydropinidine (2) (as HCl salts), and (-)-pinidinone (3) were efficiently synthesized from (S)-epichlorohydrin (7) as common substrate using regioselective Wacker-Tsuji oxidation of alkenylazides 10 and 14 as well as a highly diastereoselective reduction of cyclic imine 11 as key steps. The protecting group free total syntheses represent the up to date shortest routes with highest overall yields for all three naturally occurring alkaloids (1-3). The first single-crystal X-ray analysis of (-)-epidihydropinidine hydrochloride (2·HCl) confirmed its proposed absolute configuration to be (2S,6S), corresponding to that of the isolated natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kavala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Airiau E, Girard N, Pizzeti M, Salvadori J, Taddei M, Mann A. Hydroformylation of Alkenylamines. Concise Approaches toward Piperidines, Quinolizidines, and Related Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8670-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101776y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Airiau
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marianna Pizzeti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jessica Salvadori
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - André Mann
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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Camarano S, González A, Rossini C. Biparental endowment of endogenous defensive alkaloids in Epilachna paenulata. J Chem Ecol 2008; 35:1-7. [PMID: 19052820 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-008-9570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coccinellid beetles contain a variety of defensive alkaloids that render them unpalatable to predators. Epilachna paenulata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a South American ladybird beetle that feeds on plants of the Cucurbitaceae family. The defensive chemistry of E. paenulata has been characterized as a mixture of systemic piperidine, homotropane, and pyrrolidine alkaloids. Whole body extracts of adult beetles contain four major alkaloids: 2-(2'-oxopropyl)-6-methylpiperidine (1); 1-(6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-yl)-propan-2-one (2); 1-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one (3); and 1-(2''-hydroxyethyl)-2-(12'-aminotridecyl)-pyrrolidine (4). Comparative studies of the defensive chemistry of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults showed differences in alkaloid composition and concentration among life stages. While adults contained mainly the homotropane 1-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one (3), eggs showed the highest concentration of the piperidine 2-(2'-oxopropyl)-6-methylpiperidine (1). We studied the origin of this alkaloid in the eggs by feeding newly emerged, virgin adult beetles with [2-(13)C]-labeled acetate, and by performing crosses between (13)C-fed and unlabeled males and females. GC-MS analysis of alkaloids from (13)C-fed males and females showed high incorporation of (13)C into the alkaloids, as evidenced from a 20-30% increase of isotopic peaks in diagnostic fragment ions, confirming the expected endogenous origin of these alkaloids. In addition, analyses of eggs from different crosses showed that labeled alkaloids from both parents are incorporated into eggs, indicating that E. paenulata males transfer alkaloids to the females at mating. Biparental endowment of chemical defenses into eggs has been shown previously in insects that acquire defensive compounds from dietary sources. To our knowledge, this is the first report of biparental egg endowment of endogenous defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Camarano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Girard N, Hurvois JP. Anodic cyanation of C-4 hydroxylated piperidines: total synthesis of (±)-alkaloid 241D. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pattenden LC, Wybrow RAJ, Smith SA, Harrity JPA. A [3+3] Annelation Approach to Tetrahydropyridines. Org Lett 2006; 8:3089-91. [PMID: 16805559 DOI: 10.1021/ol0610789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A stepwise [3+3] annelation sequence to tetrahydropyridines via addition of the Büchi Grignard to aziridines has been developed. These intermediates can be further functionalized with good regio- and stereocontrol and this methodology has been employed in the stereoselective formal synthesis of (-)-dihydropinidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Pattenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, UK
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Monfray J, Gelas-Mialhe Y, Gramain JC, Remuson R. A new asymmetric synthesis of 2,6-cis-disubstituted 4-methylenepiperidines: total synthesis of (+)-alkaloid 241D and (+)-isosolenopsin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Laurent P, Braekman J, Daloze D, Pasteels J. Biosynthesis of Defensive Compounds from Beetles and Ants. European J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laurent
- Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, CP 160/6, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Fax: (internat.) + 32‐2/6502798
| | - Jean‐Claude Braekman
- Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, CP 160/6, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Fax: (internat.) + 32‐2/6502798
| | - Désiré Daloze
- Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, CP 160/6, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Fax: (internat.) + 32‐2/6502798
| | - Jacques Pasteels
- Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Animal Biology, CP 160/12 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Shu C, Liebeskind LS. Enantiocontrolled synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperidines by desymmetrization of meso-eta-(3,4,5)-dihydropyridinylmolybdenum complexes. application to the total synthesis of (-)-dihydropinidine and (-)-andrachcinidine. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2878-9. [PMID: 12617646 DOI: 10.1021/ja029537y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A conceptually new approach to the enantiocontrolled synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperidines was achieved by desymmetrization of meso-2,6-dimethoxy-eta-(3,4,5)-dihydropyridinylmolybdenum complexes. After protection of the piperidine nitrogen as a urethane derived from (+)- or (-)-trans-2-(alpha-cumyl)cyclohexyl (TCC), a sequential, one-pot methoxide abstraction/nucleophilic addition/methoxide abstraction/nucleophilic addition generated good yields of 2,6-disubstituted-eta-(3,4,5)-dihydropyridinylmolybdenum complexes. This sequence proceeds by way of a highly diastereoselective methoxide abstraction (>40:1). High yielding protodemetalation and N-deprotection provided a simple and enantiocontrolled synthetic entry to a variety of 2,6-disubstituted piperidines. This new method was used for the total synthesis of (-)-dihydropinidine and (-)-andrachcinidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutian Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Laurent P, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Pasteels JM. In vitro production of adaline and coccinelline, two defensive alkaloids from ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:1017-1023. [PMID: 12213238 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro experiments using [1-(14)C] and [2-(14)C]acetate were devised to study the biosynthesis of the defensive coccinellid alkaloids adaline and coccinelline in Adalia 2-punctata and Coccinella 7-punctata, respectively. The labelled alkaloids obtained in these experiments had a specific activity about ten times higher than that of the samples obtained in feeding experiments. This in vitro assay has enabled us to demonstrate that these two alkaloids are most likely biosynthesised through a fatty acid rather than a polyketide pathway, that glutamine is the preferred source of the nitrogen atom and that alkaloid biosynthesis takes place in the insect fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laurent
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, CP 160/07, Av. F. D. Roosevelt, 50-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Leclercq S, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Pasteels JM. The defensive chemistry of ants. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2000; 79:115-229. [PMID: 10838783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6341-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Leclercq
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Ciblat S, Besse P, Papastergiou V, Veschambre H, Canet JL, Troin Y. A simple and efficient enantioselective synthesis of piperidine alkaloids dihydropinidine and isosolenopsins A, B and C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthesis of some alkaloids using the allyl derivatives of boron (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02252156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Preparation oftrans- andcis-2-allyl-6-alkyl(aryl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines based on the reductivetrans-2,6-dialkylation of pyridine. Synthesis of (±)-epidihydropinidine and (±)-dihydropinidine. Russ Chem Bull 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02495652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Shi X, Attygalle AB, Meinwald F. Synthesis and absolute configuration of two defensive alkaloids from the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Radford P, Attygalle AB, Meinwald J, Smedley SR, Eisner T. Pyrrolidinoöxazolidine alkaloids from two species of ladybird beetles. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1997; 60:755-759. [PMID: 9287414 DOI: 10.1021/np970140v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
From the mixture of alkaloids obtained from adults of two species of ladybird beetles, Epilachna varivestis and Epilachna borealis, a novel bicyclic alkaloid, 5-(12'-aminotridecyl)pyrrolidinoöxazolidine [(5 alpha, 7 a beta)-hexahydro-alpha-methylpyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-5-dodecaneami ne] (2) was characterized on the basis of spectrometric and synthetic investigations. This new alkaloid is related structurally to a monocyclic congener 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(12'-aminotridecyl)pyrrolidine (1), previously characterized from E. varivestis. Two additional alkaloids (lower homologs of 1 and 2) from E. borealis were characterized as 5-(10'-aminoündecyl)pyrrolidinoöxazolidine [(5 alpha,-7 a beta)-hexahydro-alpha-methylpyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole-5-decaneamine ] (7) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(10'-aminoündecyl)pyrrolidine (8), on the basis of their mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Radford
- Baker Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Bubnov YN, Klimkina EV, Ignatenko AV, Gridnev ID. trans-cis-Isomerization of trans-2-allyl-6-alkyl(aryl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines on heating with triallylborane. Synthesis of (±)-dihydropinidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nα-quinaldyl-L-arginine·HCl, a new defensive alkaloid fromSubcoccinella-24-punctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01969744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chênevert R, Dickman M. Enzymatic Route to Chiral, Nonracemic cis-2,6- and cis,cis-2,4,6-Substituted Piperidines. Synthesis of (+)-Dihydropinidine and Dendrobate Alkaloid (+)-241D. J Org Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9519569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chênevert
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Michael Dickman
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
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Xiongwei Shi, Attygalle AB, Shang-Cheng Xu, Ahmad VU, Meinwald J. Synthesis and absolute configuration of 2-(12′-aminotridecyl)-pyrrolidine, a defensive alkaloid from the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schneider MJ. Chapter Two Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids: An update. ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(96)80026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Shi X, Attygalle AB, Meinwald J, Houck MA, Eisner T. Spirocyclic Defensive Alkaloid from a Coccinellid Beetle. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00484-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ladybird defence alkaloids: Structural, chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic aspects (Col.: Coccinellidae). CHEMOECOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01240602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Eisner T, Ziegler R, McCormick JL, Eisner M, Hoebeke ER, Meinwald J. Defensive use of an acquired substance (carminic acid) by predaceous insect larvae. EXPERIENTIA 1994; 50:610-5. [PMID: 8020623 DOI: 10.1007/bf01921733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of two insects, a coccinellid beetle (Hyperaspis trifurcata) and a chamaemyiid fly (Leucopis sp.), feed on cochineal insects and appropriate their prey's defensive chemical, carminic acid, for protective purposes of their own. H. trifurcata discharges the chemical with droplets of blood (hemolymph) that it emits when disturbed; Leucopis sp. ejects the compound with rectal fluid. Ants are thwarted by these defenses, which are compared with the previously-described defense of a pyralid caterpillar (Laetilia coccidivora) that disgorges carminic acid-laden crop fluid. The defensive fluid of all three larvae contains carminic acid at concentrations spanning a range (0.2-6.2%) proven deterrent to ants. Many insects are known to appropriate defensive substances from plants. Insects that acquire defensive chemicals from animal sources may be relatively rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eisner
- Section of Neurobiology & Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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McCormick KD, Attygalle AB, Xu SC, Svatoš A, Meinwald J, Houck MA, Blankespoor CL, Eisner T. Chilocorine: heptacyclic alkaloid from a coccinellid beetle. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martin Garraffo H, D. Simon L, W. Daly J, F. Spande T, H. Jones T. Cis- and trans-configurations of α,α′-disubstituted piperidines and pyrrolidines by GC-FTIR; application to decahydroquinoline stereochemistry. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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