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Lhoták P. Upper rim-bridged calixarenes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23303-23321. [PMID: 39049889 PMCID: PMC11267508 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04663c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Calix[n]arenes represent a very attractive family of macrocyclic compounds with many potential supramolecular applications. Due to their well-established chemistry and many different synthetic strategies, enabling practically any derivatization of the basic skeleton, calixarenes are among the very popular building blocks used for the design and construction of various receptors, sensors and other sophisticated supramolecular systems. Regio- and/or stereo-selective derivatization of calixarenes currently represents a very extensive set of reactions, the overview of which would fill many thick books. Therefore, this review deals with only a small part of the above-mentioned reactions, specifically describes possible ways of bridging the upper rim of calixarenes, often leading to interesting rigidified structures, and also briefly mentions the potential use of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCTP) Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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2
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Venkatesan N, Rajakumar P. Application of McMurry Coupling for the Synthesis of Indolophanetriene and Carbazolophanetriene - A New Class of Caged Cyclophanes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarathinam Venkatesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025
- Department of Chemistry; Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Sankarapuram; Kanchipuram 631 605
| | - Perumal Rajakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025
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3
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Berrocal JA, Baker MB, Baldini L, Casnati A, Di Stefano S. Inherently chiral cone-calix[4]arenes via a subsequent upper rim ring-closing/opening methodology. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7255-7264. [PMID: 30259046 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Access to chiral calix[4]arenes can unlock novel supramolecular architectures for enantioselective catalysis and molecular recognition. However, accessibility to these structures has been significantly hindered so far. We report herein the synthesis and characterization of di- and trifunctionalized cone-calix[4]arenes featuring a lactone moiety spanning the distal positions at the upper rim. The lactones force the whole skeleton to assume pinched-cone conformations. The ring-closure is favored by the high conformational flexibility of the calixarene scaffold. The new lactones are remarkably stable in the solid state, while a quick hydrolysis to restore the parent carboxylic acids occurs in solution under acidic/basic conditions. Slow aminolyses of lactones 2-3 yield inherently chiral products featuring three different functionalities at the upper rim, at room temperature. The subsequent ring-closing/opening methodology presented here highlights the versatility of these lactones as powerful synthons for the preparation of a variety of threefold upper rim functionalized, inherently chiral calix[4]arenes fixed in the cone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Berrocal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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4
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Zajícová M, Eigner V, Budka J, Lhoták P. Intramolecular bridging of calix[4]arene dialdoximes. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Düker MH, Kutter F, Dülcks T, Azov VA. Calix[4]arenes with 1,2- and 1,3-upper rim tetrathiafulvalene bridges. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.872245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias H. Düker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW 2C, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Felix Kutter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW 2C, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dülcks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW 2C, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Vladimir A. Azov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW 2C, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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6
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Galli M, Berrocal JA, Di Stefano S, Cacciapaglia R, Mandolini L, Baldini L, Casnati A, Ugozzoli F. Highly efficient intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction between 1,3-distal formyl groups at the upper rim of a cone-calix[4]arene. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5109-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Oueslati I, Thuéry P, Shkurenko O, Suwinska K, Harrowfield JM, Abidi R, Vicens J. Calix[4]azacrowns: self-assembly and effect of chain length and O-alkylation on their metal ion-binding properties. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Rajakumar P, Gayatri Swaroop M, Jayavelu S, Murugesan K. Synthesis, complexation studies and biological applications of some novel stilbenophanes, indolophanes and bisindolostilbenophanes via McMurry coupling. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Blesa MJ, Zhao BT, Allain M, Le Derf F, Sallé M. Bis(calixcrown)tetrathiafulvalene Receptors. Chemistry 2006; 12:1906-14. [PMID: 16419139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new class of electroactive receptors has been synthesized, built by covalent association of five subunits: two calixarene platforms for spatial organization, two polyether 3D cavities for cation binding, and one electroactive TTF unit to probe the complexation event. Sodium complexation induces rigidification of the molecular assembly, as shown by 1H NMR titration and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies on free receptor 14 and a corresponding complex with two bound sodium atoms per receptor (15-(NaPF6)2). The calixarene units in these receptors change from a pinched cone conformation in the free ligand to a symmetrical cone in the complex. Cyclovoltammetric studies validated the electrochemical recognition concept of these five-member assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Jesús Blesa
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Ingénierie Moléculaire des Matériaux d'Angers (CIMMA), Groupe Synthèse Organique et Matériaux Fonctionnels, UMR CNRS 6200, Université d'Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers (France)
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Bogdan A, Rudzevich Y, Vysotsky MO, Böhmer V. Topologically novel multiple rotaxanes and catenanes based on tetraurea calix[4]arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2941-52. [PMID: 16832500 DOI: 10.1039/b601699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]arenes bearing at their wide rim four urea residues easily form hydrogen bonded dimeric capsules. This has been used to preorganise alkenyl functions attached to these urea groups for their controlled connection via metathesis reaction. Multimacrocyclic tetraurea derivatives are thus obtained in excellent yields via heterodimers which are formed exclusively with tetratosylurea derivatives. Heterodimerisation of such bis- and tetraloop tetraureas leads analogously to multicatenanes, or to rotaxanes by stoppering. Huge macrocycles are detached from tetraloop derivatives by cleavage of the urea function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Bogdan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Lehramt Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Rajakumar P, Gayatri Swaroop M. Tandem one-pot intra- and inter-molecular McMurry coupling for the synthesis of bisindolostilbenophanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Lhoták P, Zieba R, Hromádko V, Stibor I, Sykora J. Neutral guests complexation with calix[4]arenes preorganised by intramolecular McMurry reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The formal dehydration of two vicinal phenol moieties of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene was achieved in two steps by mild oxidation of the calixarene followed by treatment of the resulting monospirodienone derivative (9c) with an ionic hydrogenation mixture (Et(3)SiH/CF(3)COOH). Reaction of 9c yielded the unsubstituted xanthenocalix[6]arene 11d, while treatment of the monospirodienone derivative of a spherand-type calixarene (13) with Et(3)SiH/CF(3)COOH afforded the dibenzofuran derivative 15. The formation of the latter product indicates that, at least for 13, the rings forming the Ar--O--Ar bond in the product are not those connected by the spiro bond in the starting material. Methylation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of 11d with methyl p-toluenesulfonate/K(2)CO(3) or dimethyl sulfate/base afforded its dimethyl and tetramethyl ether derivatives. The parent xanthone calix[6]arene derivative 17b was prepared by O-methylation of the phenol groups followed by CrO(3) oxidation of the xanthene methylene group and deprotection of the OH groups. McMurry coupling of calixanthone 17a afforded the dixanthylene 18. Calixarenes 11d and 15 (which possess a xanthene and dibenzofuran group, respectively) were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Agbaria
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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14
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Scherrmann MC, Casnati A, Sansone F, Ungaro R. Synthesis and Properties ofO-Glycosyl Calix[4]Arenes (Calixsugars). Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Ikeda A, Shinkai S. Novel Cavity Design Using Calix[n]arene Skeletons: Toward Molecular Recognition and Metal Binding. Chem Rev 1997; 97:1713-1734. [PMID: 11851464 DOI: 10.1021/cr960385x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1019] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Chemical Science & Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan
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17
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Bitter I, Grün A, Toth G, Balázs B, Tõke L. Studies on calix(aza)crowns, I. Synthesis, alkylation reactions and comprehensive NMR investigation of capped calix[4]arenes. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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19
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20
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Fürstner A, Bogdanović B. Neue Entwicklungen in der Chemie von niedervalentem Titan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961082104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Arduini A, Mirone L, Paganuzzi D, Pinalli A, Pochini A, Secchi A, Ungaro R. New calix[4]arenes having electron donating groups at the upper rim as molecular platforms and host molecules. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Lhoták P, Shinkai S. Structurally-unusual calix[4]arene derivatives generated by intra- and intermolecular McMurry reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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