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Bosveli A, Griboura N, Kampouropoulos I, Kalaitzakis D, Montagnon T, Vassilikogiannakis G. The Rapid Synthesis of Colibactin Warhead Model Compounds Using New Metal-Free Photocatalytic Cyclopropanation Reactions Facilitates the Investigation of Biological Mechanisms. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301713. [PMID: 37452669 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of colibactin warhead model compounds using two newly developed metal-free photocatalytic cyclopropanation reactions. These mild cyclopropanations expand the known applications of eosin within synthesis. A halogen atom transfer reaction mode has been harnessed so that dihalides can be used as the cyclopropanating agents. The colibactin warhead models were then used to provide new insight into two key mechanisms in colibactin chemistry. An explanation is provided for why the colibactin warhead sometimes undergoes a ring expansion-addition reaction to give fused cyclobutyl products while at other times nucleophiles add directly to the cyclopropyl unit (as when DNA adds to colibactin). Finally, we provide some evidence that Cu(II) chelated to colibactin may catalyze an important oxidation of the colibactin-DNA adduct. The Cu(I) generated as a result could then also play a role in inducing double strand breaks in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Bosveli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
| | - Nefeli Griboura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
| | | | - Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
| | - Tamsyn Montagnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete
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2
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Lepori M, Schmid S, Barham JP. Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1055-1145. [PMID: 37533877 PMCID: PMC10390843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lepori
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Takeshima A, Kano T. Diethylzinc-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions between Dibromoketones and Monobromo Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217496. [PMID: 36583678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel route to synthesize 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds is described. α,α-Dibromoketones generate zinc enolates through a diethylzinc-mediated halogen-metal exchange and react with α-bromocarbonyl compounds to furnish 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds via a second generation of zinc enolates. This cross-coupling reaction is enabled by the chemoselective formation of zinc enolates from α,α-dibromoketones in the presence of α-bromocarbonyl compounds. Chiral 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds can be obtained via the enantioselective bromination of aldehydes using a chiral secondary amine catalyst and a subsequent cross-coupling reaction between the resulting chiral α-bromoaldehydes and α,α-dibromoacetophenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Takeshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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Gui J, Cai X, Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Jiang Y, Hu M, Chen X, Hu Y, Zhang S. Facile and practical hydrodehalogenations of organic halides enabled by calcium hydride and palladium chloride. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00758k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, calcium hydride and palladium chloride were used to reduce a wide range of organic halides including aromatic bromides, aromatic chlorides, aromatic triflates, aliphatic bromides, aliphatic chlorides and trihalomethyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuanrui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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5
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Li Z, Sun Q, Qian P, Hu K, Zha Z, Wang Z. Electrochemical synthesis of α,α-dihaloacetophenones from terminal alkyne derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Synthesis of Spiro[2.2]pentanes and Spiro[2.3]hexanes Employing the Me3
Al/CH2
I2
Reagent. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Sadhukhan S, Baire B. An Expeditious Approach to α,α-Dihalo-α′-acetoxyketones from Propargylic Acetates. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santu Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600036 INDIA
| | - Beeraiah Baire
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai- 600036 INDIA
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8
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xie Z, Fu S, Liu F. Ultrasound-assisted tandem reaction of alkynes and trihaloisocyanuric acids by thiourea as catalyst in water. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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E -Stilbene derivatives synthesized by stereoselective reductive coupling of benzylic gem -dibromide promoted by Cu/polyamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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One-pot syntheses of α,α-dibromoacetophenones from aromatic alkenes with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Kondo M, Sugimoto M, Nakamura S. Direct catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reaction of dichloroacetonitrile using bis(imidazoline)-Pd catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13604-13607. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reaction of dichloroacetonitrile with imines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Mami Sugimoto
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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12
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D'Oyley JM, Aliev AE, Sheppard TD. Regioselective dihalohydration reactions of propargylic alcohols: gold-catalyzed and noncatalyzed reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10747-50. [PMID: 25147077 PMCID: PMC4271674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective conversion of propargylic alcohols into previously unreported α,α-diiodo-β-hydroxyketones was achieved by treatment with N-iodosuccinimide in the presence of a gold catalyst. The corresponding α,α-dichloro-β-hydroxyketones were obtained by treatment with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the absence of a catalyst. The latter reaction can be extended to other alkynols. These transformations can be used to prepare potentially useful halogenated building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves participation of the acetonitrile solvent in the formation of a 5-halo-1,3-oxazine intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarryl M D'Oyley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK) http://www.tomsheppard.eu
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13
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Regioselective Dihalohydration Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols: Gold-Catalyzed and Noncatalyzed Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Shen ZL, Wang SY, Chok YK, Xu YH, Loh TP. Organoindium Reagents: The Preparation and Application in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 113:271-401. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300051y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Shen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yew-Keong Chok
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
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15
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Flahaut A, Toutah K, Mangeney P, Roland S. Diethylzinc‐Mediated Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by [(NHC)(PR
3
)PdX
2
] and [(NHC)Pd(η
3
‐allyl)Cl] Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Flahaut
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 7201, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 4, place Jussieu, bât. F pièce 655, BC 43, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐1‐44273056
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 7201, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 4, place Jussieu, bât. F pièce 655, BC 43, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐1‐44273056
| | - Pierre Mangeney
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 7201, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 4, place Jussieu, bât. F pièce 655, BC 43, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐1‐44273056
| | - Sylvain Roland
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 7201, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 4, place Jussieu, bât. F pièce 655, BC 43, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐1‐44273056
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16
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Indium(I) bromide-mediated coupling of dibromoacetonitrile with aldehydes followed by Boord elimination of bromine and oxygen of β-bromo alkoxides for preparation of 3-organyl-2-alkenenitriles. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Thibonnet J, Anh Vu V, Bérillon L, Knochel P. Preparation of α-functionalized alkenylmagnesium reagents via a halide–magnesium exchange. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Nóbrega J, Gonçalves SM, Peppe C. Indium(I) bromide-mediated dichlorocyanomethylation of carbonyl compounds. The preparation of 2,2-dichloro-3-hydroxynitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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de Araújo Felix L, de Oliveira C, Kross R, Peppe C, Brown M, Tuck D, Hernandes M, Longo E, Sensato F. Preparation, crystal structure determination and properties of adducts of indium methylene compounds with Group 15 donors. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Hirashita T, Kamei T, Horie T, Yamamura H, Kawai M, Araki S. Preparation of gamma-Heterosubstituted Allylindium and Diindium Reagents and Their Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 1999; 64:172-177. [PMID: 11674100 DOI: 10.1021/jo9816111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various gamma-heteroatom-substituted allylindium reagents were prepared, and their reactions with carbonyl compounds were examined. The reaction of 1,3-dibromopropene with metallic indium gave two types of organoindium species, gamma-bromoallylindium and allylic diindium reagents. While the former gave 2-phenyl-3-vinyloxirane upon the coupling with benzaldehyde, the latter gave 1-phenylbut-3-en-1-ol. 1-Iodo-3-bromopropene gave the homoallylic alcohol exclusively. gamma-Alkoxyallylindium reagents were prepared by treating the corresponding gamma-alkoxyallyllithium with indium trichloride and reacted with benzaldehyde to give vic-diol mono ethers in high yields with good syn selectivity. gamma-(Trimethylsilyl)allylindium and alpha,gamma-disubstituted allylindium reagents were also prepared via transmetalation with the corresponding allyllithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehisa Hirashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Hashmi ASK. Indium Metal: A Reagent for C?C-Bond Formation by organometallic reactions in aqueous medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19983400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Cyclopropanation reactions catalysed by ruthenium complexes with new anionic phosphine ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Indium-mediated reaction of 1,3-dichloro- and 1,3-dibromopropenes with carbonyl compounds. Generation of novel 3,3-diindiopropene. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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