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Quezada V, Castroagudín M, Verdugo F, Ortiz S, Zaragoza G, Nachtigall FM, Reis FAA, Castro-Alvarez A, Santos LS, Nelson R. Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloadditions between Indoles and Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Molecules 2024; 29:1604. [PMID: 38611883 PMCID: PMC11013886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This article describes the development of a nickel-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective formal [3+2] cycloaddition between N-substituted indoles and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes to synthesize cyclopenta[b]indoles. Optimized reaction conditions provide the desired nitrogen-containing cycloadducts in up to 93% yield and dr 8.6:1 with complete regioselectivity. The substrate scope showed high tolerance to various substituted indoles and cyclopropanes, resulting in the synthesis of six new cyclopenta[b]indoles and the isolation of five derivatives previously reported in the literature. In addition, a mechanistic proposal for the reaction was studied through online reaction monitoring by ESI-MS, allowing for the identification of the reactive intermediates in the Ni(II) catalyzed process. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure and relative endo stereochemistry of the products. This method enables the fast and efficient construction of fused indolines from readily accessible starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Quezada
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile; (V.Q.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariña Castroagudín
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile; (V.Q.); (M.C.)
| | - Felipe Verdugo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile;
| | - Sergio Ortiz
- UMR 7200 Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, CNRS, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France;
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus VIDA, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Fabiane M. Nachtigall
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3467987, Chile;
| | - Francisco A. A. Reis
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Leonardo S. Santos
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chemistry Institute of Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Ronald Nelson
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile; (V.Q.); (M.C.)
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2
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Li Y, Lidskog A, Armengol‐Relats H, Pham TH, Favraud A, Nicolas M, Dawaigher S, Xiao Z, Ma D, Lindbäck E, Strand D, Wärnmark K. Enantiotopic Discrimination by Coordination‐Desymmetrized
meso
‐Ligands. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Li
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Anna Lidskog
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Helena Armengol‐Relats
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Thanh Huong Pham
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Antoine Favraud
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Maxime Nicolas
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Sami Dawaigher
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Dayou Ma
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Emil Lindbäck
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Bioscience and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Stavanger Stavanger NO-4036 Norway
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis Department of ChemistryLund University Lund SE-22100 Sweden
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3
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Capretz Agy A, Rodrigues MT, Zeoly LA, Simoni DA, Coelho F. Palladium-Mediated Oxidative Annulation of δ-Indolyl-α,β-Unsaturated Compounds toward the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indoles and Heterogeneous Hydrogenation To Access Fused Indolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5564-5581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Varshnaya RK, Banerjee P. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Indonyl Alcohols: One Step Synthesis of Substituted Carbazoles with Promising Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1614-1623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Varshnaya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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5
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Vivekanand T, Satpathi B, Bankar SK, Ramasastry SSV. Recent metal-catalysed approaches for the synthesis of cyclopenta[ b]indoles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18576-18588. [PMID: 35541103 PMCID: PMC9080641 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclopenta[b]indole scaffold is ubiquitously present in several bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically interesting compounds. Of the numerous methods known for the synthesis of cyclopenta-fused indoles, this review highlights only the metal-catalysed approaches reported from the year 2015 onwards. This review encompasses our own efforts leading to the synthesis of cyclopentannulated indoles, in addition to the seminal contributions of several other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavaraj Vivekanand
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
| | - Bishnupada Satpathi
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
| | - Siddheshwar K Bankar
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
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6
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Pshenichnyuk SA, Modelli A, Komolov AS. Interconnections between dissociative electron attachment and electron-driven biological processes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2018.1461347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Pshenichnyuk
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics – Subdivision of the Ufa Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Alberto Modelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘G. Ciamician’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Scienze Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Alexei S. Komolov
- Department of Solid State Electronics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Santos MS, Fernandes DC, Rodrigues MT, Regiani T, Andricopulo AD, Ruiz ALTG, Vendramini-Costa DB, de Carvalho JE, Eberlin MN, Coelho F. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Active Cyclopenta[b]indoles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6626-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniara C. Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus Matão, 15991-502 Matão, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriano D. Andricopulo
- Laboratório
de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física da USP − São Carlos, 13563-120 São
Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia T. G. Ruiz
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas
e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora B. Vendramini-Costa
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas
e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - João E. de Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas
e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
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8
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Wauters I, Goossens H, Delbeke E, Muylaert K, Roman BI, Van Hecke K, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. Beyond the Diketopiperazine Family with Alternatively Bridged Brevianamide F Analogues. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8046-54. [PMID: 26193166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A method for the preparation of 3,5-bridged piperazin-2-ones from a tryptophan-proline-based diketopiperazine is described using diphosgene to induce the ring closure. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to study the mechanism of this C-C bond formation. Several derivatives of the thus obtained α-chloroamine were synthesized by substitution of the chlorine atom using a range of O-, N-, S-, and C-nucleophiles. This novel class of brevianamide F analogues possess interesting breast cancer resistance protein inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wauters
- †Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Goossens
- ‡Center for Molecular Modelling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Delbeke
- †Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Muylaert
- †Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B I Roman
- †Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Van Hecke
- §XStruct, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Van Speybroeck
- ‡Center for Molecular Modelling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C V Stevens
- †Research Group SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Modelli A, Jones D, Pshenichnyuk SA. Electron attachment to indole and related molecules. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:184305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4829057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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10
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Zheng C, Wu QF, You SL. A combined theoretical and experimental investigation into the highly stereoselective migration of spiroindolenines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4357-65. [PMID: 23578142 DOI: 10.1021/jo400365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a combined theoretical and experimental investigation into the acid-catalyzed migration of spiroindolenines to the corresponding fused cyclic products. It is suggested that the "three-center-two-electron"-type transition state is the crucial reason accounting for the highly stereoselective phenomenon. Further studies demonstrated that the electronic property of the migratory group as well as the ring size may have a major influence on the reaction profile of the migration process. Some predictions based on the computational results were supported by additional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Broggini G, Barbera V, Beccalli EM, Borsini E, Galli S, Lanza G, Zecchi G. Palladium(II)/Copper Halide/Solvent Combination for Selective Intramolecular Domino Reactions of Indolecarboxylic Acid Allylamides: An Unprecedented Arylation/Esterification Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6449; phone: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6444
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Egle M. Beccalli
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini” Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Borsini
- DISMAB, Sezione di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini” Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6449; phone: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6444
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Zecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, Università dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6449; phone: (+39)‐(0)31‐238‐6444
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12
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Trzupek JD, Lee D, Crowley BM, Marathias VM, Danishefsky SJ. Total synthesis of enantiopure phalarine via a stereospecific Pictet-Spengler reaction: traceless transfer of chirality from L-tryptophan. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8506-12. [PMID: 20509657 DOI: 10.1021/ja1030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An appropriately constructed 2-substituted derivative of l-tryptophan undergoes conversion to a prephalarine structure in a single step. The reaction occurs in a diastereoselective fashion, leading shortly thereafter to the naturally occurring version of the alkaloid phalarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Trzupek
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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13
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Liégault B, Petrov I, Gorelsky SI, Fagnou K. Modulating reactivity and diverting selectivity in palladium-catalyzed heteroaromatic direct arylation through the use of a chloride activating/blocking group. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1047-60. [PMID: 20073523 DOI: 10.1021/jo902515z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Through the introduction of an aryl chloride substituent, the selectivity of palladium-catalyzed direct arylation may be diverted to provide alternative regioisomeric products in high yields. In cases where low reactivity is typically observed, the presence of the carbon-chlorine bond can serve to enhance reactivity and provide superior outcomes. From a strategic perspective, the C-Cl bond is easily introduced and can be employed in a variety of subsequent transformations to provide a wealth of highly functionalized heterocycles with minimal substrate preactivation. The impact of the C-Cl functional group on direct arylation reactivity has also been evaluated mechanistically, and the observed reactivity profiles correlate very well with that predicted by a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Liégault
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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14
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Sundberg RJ. Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Indoles. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ferrer C, Amijs CHM, Echavarren AM. Intra- and Intermolecular Reactions of Indoles with Alkynes Catalyzed by Gold. Chemistry 2007; 13:1358-73. [PMID: 17206736 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Indoles react intramolecularly with alkynes in the presence of gold catalysts to give from six- to eight-membered-ring annulated compounds. The cationic Au(I) complex [Au(P{C(6)H(4)(o-Ph)}(tBu)(2))(NCMe)]SbF(6) is the best catalyst for the formation of six- and seven-membered rings by 6-endo-dig, 6-exo-dig, and 7-exo-dig cyclizations. Indoloazocines are selectively obtained with AuCl(3) as catalyst in a rare 8-endo-dig process. In this process allenes or tetracyclic annulated derivatives are also formed as a result of an initial fragmentation reaction. The intermolecular reaction of indoles with alkynes proceeds to form 3-alkenylated intermediates that react with a second equivalent of indole to give bisindolyl derivatives. Indoles that are substituted at the 3-position react intermolecularly with alkynes to give 2-alkenylated intermediates that can be trapped intramolecularly with the appropriate nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Ferrer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Yadav AK, Peruncheralathan S, Ila H, Junjappa H. Domino Carbocationic Rearrangement of α-[Bis(methylthio)methylene]alkyl-2-(3/2-indolyl) Cyclopropyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1388-94. [PMID: 17288384 DOI: 10.1021/jo062302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Domino carbocationic rearrangement of a number of substituted 3- and 2-indolylcyclopropyl ketones with an alpha-bis(methylthio)methylene group in the presence of various protic/Lewis acids yields a variety of products, mainly the pentaleno fused indoles and the carbazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
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17
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Venkatesh C, Singh PP, Ila H, Junjappa H. Highly Diastereoselective [3+2] Cyclopenta[b]annulation of Indoles with2-Arylcyclopropyl Ketones and Diesters. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Ferrer C, Echavarren AM. Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Reaction of Indoles with Alkynes: Facile Formation of Eight-Membered Rings and an Unexpected Allenylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Ferrer C, Echavarren AM. Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Reaction of Indoles with Alkynes: Facile Formation of Eight-Membered Rings and an Unexpected Allenylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:1105-9. [PMID: 16389610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Ferrer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Wang X, Porco JA. Modification of C-terminal peptides to form peptide enamides: synthesis of chondriamides A and C. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8215-21. [PMID: 11722228 DOI: 10.1021/jo0158027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Streamlined Synthesis, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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21
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Maligres PE, Houpis I, Rossen K, Molina A, Sager J, Upadhyay V, Wells KM, Reamer RA, Lynch JE, Askin D, Volante R, Reider PJ, Houghton P. Synthesis of the orally active spiroindoline-based growth hormone secretagogue, MK-677. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Amat M, Hadida S, Pshenichnyi G, Bosch J. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Heteroarylation of 2- and 3-Indolylzinc Derivatives. An Efficient General Method for the Preparation of (2-Pyridyl)indoles and Their Application to Indole Alkaloid Synthesis. J Org Chem 1997; 62:3158-3175. [PMID: 11671699 DOI: 10.1021/jo962169u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling of (1-(benzenesulfonyl)-2-indolyl)zinc chloride (1) and (1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3-indolyl)zinc chloride (6) with diversely substituted (alkyl, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, nitro, hydroxy) 2-halopyridines gives the corresponding 2- and 3-(2-pyridyl)indoles [4 and 7 (or 8), respectively] in excellent yields. A series of other 3-(heteroaryl)indoles (pyrazinyl, furyl, thienyl, indolyl) have been similarly prepared from 6. The potential of some of these (2-pyridyl)indoles in alkaloid synthesis is demonstrated. Thus, from 2-(2-pyridyl)indole 4b, a new synthetic entry to the indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine system, involving stereoselective hydrogenation of the pyridine ring with subsequent electrophilic cyclization upon the indole 3-position from an appropriately N(b)-substituted 2-(2-piperidyl)indole, is reported. For this purpose, Pummerer cyclizations have been extensively studied. Whereas the indole-unprotected sulfoxide 17 gives the corresponding indoloquinolizidine 19 in low yield and mainly undergoes an abnormal Pummerer cyclization that ultimately leads to sulfide 18, the N(a)-protected sulfoxides 24a and 24b afford the respective indoloquinolizidines 25a,b in 70% yield. On the other hand, the conversion of 3-(2-pyridyl)indole 8k into tetracyclic ketone 35 by stereoselective hydrogenation, followed by cyclization of the resulting all-cis-3-(2-piperidyl)indole 34, represents a formal synthesis of Strychnos alkaloids with the strychnan skeletal type (tubifoline, tubifolidine, 19,20-dihydroakuammicine). A similar conversion of 8j into nordasycarpidone constitutes a formal synthesis of the alkaloids of the uleine group. Reduction of nordasycarpidone leads to tetracycle 37, an advanced intermediate in a previous synthesis of tubotaiwine, a Strychnos alkaloid with the aspidospermatan skeletal type. Finally, piperidylindole 34 was transformed into tetracycle 41, an ABDE substructure of akuammiline alkaloids, by a sequence involving the skeletal rearrangement of an intermediate spiroindolenine as the crucial step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Amat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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23
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Grieco PA, DuBay WJ, Todd LJ. Lithium cobalt-bis-dicarbollide catalyzed substitution reactions of allylic acetates. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)02021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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Katritzky AR, Zhang G, Xie L, Ghiviriga I. Efficient Syntheses of Substituted Carbazoles and Cyclopent[b]indoles from 1-Methyl-3-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)indole. J Org Chem 1996; 61:7558-7563. [PMID: 11667688 DOI: 10.1021/jo9604954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl-3-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)indole (1) undergoes lithiation and 1,4-addition with a variety of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes. Subsequent treatment with an acidic resin in refluxing 1,4-dioxane causes intramolecular cyclization followed by aromatization to furnish a wide range of 1,3-di-, 2,3-di-, and 1,2,3-trisubstituted carbazoles 6a-j and 8 in moderate to excellent yields. NMR study is described to discriminate between structures of types 6 and 8 on the basis of (1)H-(13)C long-range correlation. Treatment of 1 with styrenes in the presence of zinc bromide results in formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give cyclopent[b]indoles 14a-c in good yields. When 1 is first lithiated and reacts with electrophiles, the resulting alkylation products undergo similar [3 + 2] additions with styrenes to give 1-functionalized cyclopent[b]indoles 15 and 16with a high degree of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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25
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Five-Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(13)70011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Harisson CA, Leineweber R, Moody CJ, Williams JM. Synthesis of cyclopent[bindoles by formal [3+2]-addition of indolylmethyl cations to alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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