1
|
Yang H, Wang S, Wang J, Xu X, Li X. Gold catalyzed hydrofluorination of propargyl alcohols promoted by fluorine-hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37401374 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl group was discovered to promote gold catalyzed hydrofluorination of alkynes via hydrogen bonding interaction. Based on this strategy, propargyl alcohols could be hydrofluorinated smoothly using Et3N·3HF under acidic additive-free conditions, which provided a straightforward alternative protocol for the synthesis of 3-fluoroallyl alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangsheng Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li HW, Luo YC, Yu LC, Zhang X. Palladium-catalyzed highly selective gem-difluoroallylation of propargyl sulfonates with gem-difluoroallylboron. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4241-4244. [PMID: 36942558 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of propargyl sulfonates with gem-difluoroallylboron has been developed. The reaction features synthetic simplicity and high functional group tolerance, affording 3,3-difluoro-skipped 1,5-enynes with high efficiency and regioselectivity. In particular, the resulting products can serve as versatile synthons for diversified transformations, having potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ling-Chao Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials, Zibo, 256401, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Butcher TW, Amberg WM, Hartwig JF. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Monofluoroalkylation: Strategies for the Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides by C−C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Willi M. Amberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Laboratory of Organic Chemistry ETH Zϋrich 8093 Zϋrich Switzerland
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hajiloo Shayegan M, Li ZY, Cui X. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergence for Catalytic Stereoselective Semireduction of Allenamides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103402. [PMID: 34693580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-controlled regiodivergence has been developed for catalytic semireduction of allenamides with excellent chemo- and stereocontrol. This system also provides an example of catalytic regiodivergent semireduction of allenes for the first time. The divergence of the semireduction is enabled by ligand switch with the same palladium pre-catalyst under operationally simple and mild conditions. Monodentate ligand XPhos exclusively promotes selective 1,2-semireduction to afford allylic amides, while bidentate ligand BINAP completely switched the regioselectivity to 2,3-semireduction, producing (E)-enamide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Butcher TW, Amberg WM, Hartwig JF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Monofluoroalkylation: Strategies for the Synthesis of Alkyl Fluorides by C-C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112251. [PMID: 34658121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl fluorides modulate the conformation, lipophilicity, metabolic stability, and p K a of compounds containing aliphatic motifs and, therefore, have been valuable for medicinal chemistry. Despite significant research in organofluorine chemistry, the synthesis of alkyl fluorides, especially chiral alkyl fluorides, remains a challenge. Most commonly, alkyl fluorides are prepared by the formation of C-F bonds (fluorination), and numerous strategies for nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical fluorination have been reported in recent years. Although strategies to access alkyl fluorides by C-C bond formation (monofluoroalkylation) are inherently convergent and complexity-generating, they have studied less than methods based on fluorination. This Review provides an overview of recent developments in the synthesis of chiral (enantioenriched or racemic) secondary and tertiary alkyl fluorides by monofluoroalkylation catalyzed by transition-metal complexes. We expect this contribution will illuminate the potential of monofluoroalkylations to simplify the synthesis of complex alkyl fluorides and suggest further research directions in this growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Willi M Amberg
- University of California Berkeley, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - John F Hartwig
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, 718 LATIMER HALL #1460, 94720-1460, Berkeley, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng R, Sang Y, Gao X, Zhang S, Xue X, Zhang X. Highly γ‐Selective Arylation and Carbonylative Arylation of 3‐Bromo‐3,3‐difluoropropene via Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yueqian Sang
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, West High-Tech Zone Chengdu Sichuan 611731 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheng R, Sang Y, Gao X, Zhang S, Xue X, Zhang X. Highly γ‐Selective Arylation and Carbonylative Arylation of 3‐Bromo‐3,3‐difluoropropene via Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12386-12391. [PMID: 33734531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yueqian Sang
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, West High-Tech Zone Chengdu Sichuan 611731 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koley S, Altman RA. Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:313-339. [PMID: 32523163 PMCID: PMC7286626 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
gem-Difluorinated alkenes are readily accessible building blocks that can undergo functionalization to provide a broad spectrum of fluorinated and non-fluorinated products. Herein, we review recent (since 2017) transition metal-catalyzed transformations of these specialized alkenes and summarize general reactivity patterns of these reactions. Many transition metal-catalyzed reactions undergo net C-F bond functionalization reactions to deliver monofluorinated products. These reactions typically proceed through β-fluoro alkylmetal intermediates that readily eliminate a β-fluoride to deliver monofluoroalkene products. A second series of reactions exploit coinage metal fluorides to add F- to the gem-difluorinated alkene, and further functionalization delivers trifluoromethyl-containing products. In stark contrast, few transition metal-catalyzed reactions proceed in net "fluorine-retentive processes" to deliver difluoromethylene-based products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvajit Koley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhuo KF, Xu WY, Gong TJ, Fu Y. The dual-catalyzed boryldifluoroallylation of alkynes: an efficient method for the synthesis of skipped gem-difluorodienes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2340-2343. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cu/Pd-catalyzed boryldifluoroallylation of alkynes was achieved, providing the skipped gem-difluorodiene scaffolds with high regio- and stereoselectivity. An array of synthetic building blocks can be obtained via further transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Feng Zhuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Wen-Yan Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- University of Science and Technology of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu H, Wang DY, Zhang A. Visible Light-Promoted Phosphine-Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation of Arenes and Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2019; 85:942-951. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fuchibe K, Watanabe S, Takao G, Ichikawa J. Synthesis of (difluoromethyl)naphthalenes using the ring construction strategy: C-C bond formation on the central carbon of 1,1-difluoroallenes via Pd-catalyzed insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5047-5054. [PMID: 31049538 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00540d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of 1,1-difluoroallenes was carried out to form a C-C bond exclusively on their central carbon. o-Bromophenyl-bearing 1,1-difluoroallenes underwent intramolecular insertion in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Regioselective C-C bond formation occurred to form a six-membered carbocycle, leading to pharmaceutically and agrochemically promising difluoromethylated naphthalenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fuchibe
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Watanabe
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Go Takao
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Butcher TW, Hartwig JF. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Fluorides by Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Fluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13125-13129. [PMID: 30136379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Few allylic electrophiles containing two different substituents at a single allyl terminus and none in which one of the two substituents is a heteroatom, have been shown previously to react with iridium catalysts to form substitution products. We report that iridium-catalysts are uniquely suited to form tertiary allylic fluorides enantioselectively by the addition of a diverse range of carbon-centered nucleophiles at the fluorine-containing terminus of 3-fluoro-substituted allylic esters. The products contain tertiary stereogenic centers bearing a single fluorine, which are isosteric with common tertiary stereocenters containing a single hydrogen. Computational studies reveal the principal steric interactions influencing the stability of endo and exo π-allyl intermediates formed from 3,3-disubstituted allylic electrophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng Z, Xiao YL, Zhang X. Transition-Metal (Cu, Pd, Ni)-Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation via Cross-Coupling with Difluoroalkyl Halides. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2264-2278. [PMID: 30132322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Difluoroalkylated compounds play a remarkably important role in life and materials sciences because of the unique characteristics of the difluoromethylene (CF2) group. In particular, precise introduction of a CF2 group at the benzylic position can dramatically improve the biological properties of the corresponding molecules. As a consequence, difluoroalkylation of aromatic compounds has become a powerful strategy in modulating the bioactivities of organic molecules. However, efficient strategies to selectively synthesize difluoroalkylated arenes had been very limited before 2012. Traditional synthetic methods in this regard suffer from either harsh reaction conditions or narrow substrate scope, significantly restricting their widespread applications, particularly for late-stage difluoroalkylation of bioactive molecules. To overcome these limitations, a straightforward route to access these valuable difluoroalkylated skeletons is the direct introduction of the difluoroalkylated group (CF2R) onto aromatic rings through transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling. However, because of the instability of some difluoroalkylated metal species, which are prone to protonation, dimerization, and/or generation of other unknown byproducts, it is difficult to selectively control the catalytic cycle to suppress these side reactions. In this context, we proposed the use of low-cost and widely available difluoroalkyl halides as fluoroalkyl sources for transition-metal-catalyzed difluoroalkylation reactions via cross-coupling. In this Account, we summarize our major efforts on copper-, palladium-, and nickel-catalyzed difluoroalkylations of aromatics with low-cost and widely available difluoroalkyl halides as fluoroalkyl sources. Four modes of catalytic difluoroalkylation reactions, including nucleophilic difluoroalkylation, electrophilic difluoroalkylation, radical difluoroalkylation, and metal-difluorocarbene coupling (MeDiC), have been demonstrated through careful modulation of the catalytic systems. Among these reactions, the MeDiC reaction represents a new mode of fluoroalkylation. These processes enable difluoroalkylation of a variety of aryl halides and arylboron reagents under mild reaction conditions. A wide range of difluoroalkyl halides, including activated difluoroalkyl halides (Cl/BrCF2R, R = π system), unactivated difluoroalkyl halides (BrCF2R, R = alkyl, H), and especially the inert and inexpensive industrial chemical chlorodifluoromethane (ClCF2H), are applicable to these reactions, providing straightforward and facile routes to a diverse range of difluoroalkylated (hetero)arenes. These difluoroalkyl halide-based strategies can also be applied to prepare difluoroalkylated alkenes, alkynes, and alkanes and feature impressive advantages over conventional methods for the synthesis of difluoroalkylated compounds in terms of synthetic efficiency, functional group tolerance, and structural diversity. In particular, the late-stage difluoroalkylation of bioactive molecules through these processes offers good opportunities for the synthesis and development of new medicinal agents without the need for multistep de novo syntheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Lan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Butcher TW, Hartwig JF. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Fluorides by Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Fluoroalkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Highly selective nickel-catalyzed gem-difluoropropargylation of unactivated alkylzinc reagents. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1460. [PMID: 29133781 PMCID: PMC5684216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the important applications of difluoroalkylated molecules in medicinal chemistry, to date, the reaction of difluoroalkylating reagents with unactivated, aliphatic substrates through a controllable manner remains challenging and has not been reported. Here we describe an efficient nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of unactivated alkylzinc reagen\ts with gem-difluoropropargyl bromides. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency and excellent regiochemical selectivity. Transformations of the resulting difluoroalkylated alkanes lead to a variety of biologically active molecules, providing a facile route for applications in drug discovery and development. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that an alkyl nickel intermediate [Ni(tpy)alkyl] (tpy, terpyridine) is involved in the catalytic cycle. Difluoroalkylated compounds find wide application in medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors describe the mild nickel-catalyzed difluoroalkylation of aliphatic alkylzinc reagents with gem-difluoropropargylbromides and show its utility in a number of post-synthetic transformations.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fujita T, Sugiyama K, Sanada S, Ichitsuka T, Ichikawa J. Platform for Ring-Fluorinated Benzoheterole Derivatives: Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,1-Difluoroallylation and Heck Cyclization. Org Lett 2016; 18:248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Division
of Chemistry, Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sugiyama
- Division
of Chemistry, Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shohei Sanada
- Division
of Chemistry, Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichitsuka
- Division
of Chemistry, Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- Division
of Chemistry, Faculty
of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang B, Zhang X. Pd-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of arylboronic acids with γ,γ-difluoroallylic acetates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1238-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly regio- and stereo-selective palladium-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of arylboronic acids with γ,γ-difluoroallylic acetates has been described. The method allows the synthesis of a variety of gem-difluoroallylated arenes with a tosyloxy group on the CC double bond, thus providing a good opportunity for down-stream transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kazmaier U. Non-stabilized enolates – versatile nucleophiles in transition metal-catalysed allylic alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers new developments in the transition metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations of non-stabilized enolates, preferentially generated from ketone, esters or amides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
A convergent, modular access to α-chloro-trifluoromethyl derivatives and to 1,1-difluoroalkenes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Min QQ, Yin Z, Feng Z, Guo WH, Zhang X. Highly selective gem-difluoroallylation of organoborons with bromodifluoromethylated alkenes catalyzed by palladium. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1230-3. [PMID: 24417183 DOI: 10.1021/ja4114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A first example of Pd-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of organoborons using 3-bromo-3,3-difluoropropene (BDFP) in high efficiency with high α/γ-substitution regioselectivity has been developed. The reaction can also be extended to substituted BDFPs and has advantages of low catalyst loading (0.8 to 0.01 mol %), broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility, thus providing a facile route for practical application in drug discovery and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Min
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kawasaki T, Kitazume T. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Allylation Reaction with Dimethyl 2-fluoromalonate. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
24
|
Bergeron M, Johnson T, Paquin JF. The Use of Fluoride as a Leaving Group: SN2′ Displacement of a CF Bond on 3,3-Difluoropropenes with Organolithium Reagents To Give Direct Access to Monofluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11112-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
25
|
Bergeron M, Johnson T, Paquin JF. The Use of Fluoride as a Leaving Group: SN2′ Displacement of a CF Bond on 3,3-Difluoropropenes with Organolithium Reagents To Give Direct Access to Monofluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
Landelle G, Bergeron M, Turcotte-Savard MO, Paquin JF. Synthetic approaches to monofluoroalkenes. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2867-908. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
27
|
Branchadell V, Moreno-Mañas M, Pleixats R. Theoretical Study on the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Attack in Silyl-Substituted (Diphosphino)(η3-allyl)palladium Cations. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om0106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicenç Branchadell
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcial Moreno-Mañas
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kazmaier U, Zumpe F. Chelated Enolates of Amino Acid Esters − New and Efficient Nucleophiles for Isomerization-Free, Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200111)2001:21<4067::aid-ejoc4067>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
Hydrostannations of propargylic glycine esters with the new hydrostannation catalyst [Mo(CO)3(CNtBu)3] (MoBI3) gave rise to alpha-stannylated allylic esters in good yield and with high regioselectivity. The chelate Claisen rearrangements of these esters allow the syntheses of gamma,delta-unsaturated amino acids with a vinylstannane moiety in the side chain. The amino acids obtained can be further modified by cross-coupling with various types of electrophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Kazmaier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ichikawa J. gem-Difluoroolefin synthesis: general methods via thermostable difluorovinylmetals starting from 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(99)00268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Branchadell V, Moreno-Mañas M, Pajuelo F, Pleixats R. Density Functional Study on the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Attack in 1,3-Disubstituted (Diphosphino)(η3-allyl)palladium Cations. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om990371s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicenç Branchadell
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcial Moreno-Mañas
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Pajuelo
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Skoda-Földes R, Horváth J, Tuba Z, Kollár L. Homogeneous coupling and carbonylation reactions of steroids possessing iodoalkene moieties. Catalytic and mechanistic aspects. J Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
34
|
Kazmaier U, Zumpe FL. Chelatisierte Aminosäureesterenolate – effiziente Nucleophile für Palladium-katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990517)111:10<1572::aid-ange1572>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
35
|
Csákai Z, Skoda-Földes R, Kollár L. NMR investigation of Pd(II)–Pd(0) reduction in the presence of mono- and ditertiary phosphines. Inorganica Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
Moreno-Mañas M, Pajuelo F, Parella T, Pleixats R. Preparation and NMR Spectroscopy of (1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)(η3-1,3-diarylallyl)- palladium Tetrafluoroborates. Correlation of Chemical Shifts with Hammett Substituent Constants and with the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Attack. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om9605591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcial Moreno-Mañas
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Pajuelo
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|