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Sumida Y, Harada R, Sumida T, Hashizume D, Hosoya T. Hydrosilyl Group-directed Iridium-catalyzed peri-Selective C–H Borylation of Ring-fused (Hetero)Arenes. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sumida
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST) and Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ryu Harada
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoe Sumida
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST) and Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Chemical Biology Team, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST) and Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Katritzky AR, Rachwal S. Synthesis of heterocycles mediated by benzotriazole. 2. Bicyclic systems. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7063-120. [PMID: 21894899 DOI: 10.1021/cr200031r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611-7200, United States.
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Akhmedov NG, Dacko CA, Güven A, Söderberg BCG. Complete analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of diastereomeric mixtures of (R,S- and S,S-)-3,6-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydropyrazine-substituted indoles and their conformational preference in solution. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48:134-150. [PMID: 19998390 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Complete analysis of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra obtained with and without a chemical shift reagent (Eu(fod)(3)), of bis-lactim ether 1 (Schöllkopf auxiliary) and monosubstituted 3- or 2-{(2R,5S or 2S,5S)-5-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydropyrazin-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indoles is presented using gradient-selected one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional NMR techniques, such as 1D TOCSY, 1D NOESY (DPFGSE NOE), gCOSY, NOESY, ROESY gHETCOR, gHSQC and gHMBC. The contour plot of the gCOSY spectrum of 1-10 revealed cross peaks arising from the five-bond coupling between the H2 and H5 resonances of the dihydropyrazine ring for syn- ((5)J(H2, H5) = 4-5.7 Hz) and for anti-isomers ((5)J(H2, H5) = 3.4-3.8 Hz). The magnitude of the coupling constant was utilized to distinguish between the syn- and the anti-isomers (diastereomers). The precise values of (n)J(HH) (n = 3, 4, 5, 6) coupling constants for the indole and 2,5-dihydropyrazine moieties deduced from the calculated NMR spectra were supported by 1D TOCSY and gCOSY experiments and gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) calculations. The magnitude of the coupling constants ((5)J(H2, H5)) indicates that the dihydropyrazine ring exists in a boat conformation. In both isomers, the indole group adopts a 'folded' conformation in which one diastereotopic face is effectively shielded by the aromatic benzene ring of the indole. This is supported by gradient-selected 1D NOESY and 2D NOESY experiments. Theoretical calculations of the conformation were performed to support the through-space shielding effect of the aromatic indole moiety based on the DFT/GIAO calculated (1)H NMR data (chemical shifts and coupling constants) for 2-syn- and 2-anti-diastereomers in CDCl(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthetic application of benzotriazole derivatives in the last 20 years has resulted in over 1000 scientific papers on the subject. This fact is reflected in Section 5.01.7, which involves almost a half of the volume of this chapter. The section is arranged according to hybridization of the C-α atom and atomic numbers of the atoms in positions β and γ to allow an easy access to the material of interest. Recent discovery of copper catalysis in [3+2] cycloadditions of azides to acetylenes, the so-called ‘click chemistry’, which boosted application of the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, especially in medicinal chemistry, is presented in Section 5.01.9. From the point of view of practical applications, Section 5.01.11 is organized according to the number, position, and combination of the substituents at the aromatic rings. Another novel feature that has no precedence in the previous editions of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry is an addition of triazole and benzotriazole complexes with various transitions metals to Section 5.01.4.
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Abstract
Benzotriazole is a synthetic auxiliary that offers many advantages. It is inexpensive, odorless, and stable. A benzotriazole group is easily introduced, activates molecules towards numerous transformations, and can be removed easily at the end of the reaction sequence. This Concept provides some recent examples of the synthetic application of benzotriazole methodology and is intended to draw attention to the versatile applications of benzotriazole in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P. O. Box 177200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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Katritzky AR, Ledoux S, Nair SK. Benzannulation of 3-substituted pyrroles to indoles. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5728-30. [PMID: 12839470 DOI: 10.1021/jo026853m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a new general indole synthesis, the anion derived from benzotriazolyl derivative 5b underwent regioselective 1,4-addition to various alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones; subsequent acid-catalyzed cyclization formed the corresponding indoles 1a-f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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Ferreira VF, de Souza MCBV, Cunha AC, Pereira LOR, Ferreira MLG. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLES. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940109356613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Katritzky AR. The continuing magic of benzotriazole: An overview of some recent advances in synthetic methodology. J Heterocycl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570360611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Katritzky AR, Henderson SA, Yang B. Applications of benzotriazole methodology in heterocycle ring synthesis and substituent introduction and modification. J Heterocycl Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570350511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Katritzky AR, Lan X, Yang JZ, Denisko OV. Properties and Synthetic Utility of N-Substituted Benzotriazoles. Chem Rev 1998; 98:409-548. [PMID: 11848906 DOI: 10.1021/cr941170v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Katritzky AR, Fali CN, Li J. General Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzo[b]furans. J Org Chem 1997; 62:8205-8209. [PMID: 11671934 DOI: 10.1021/jo9710846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-(Benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)furans 4a-c, on treatment with n-BuLi followed by various alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes, gave the adducts 6a-f which underwent intramolecular cyclization to form substituted benzo[b]furans 10a-f. Lithiation and subsequent alkylation of 4a-c afforded intermediates 8a-c, which underwent similar transformations with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes to give the corresponding polysubstituted benzo[b]furans 7a-c. o-Iodophenol (11) with 1-propargylbenzotriazole (1) in the presence of (PPh(3))(2)PdCl(2), CuI, and Et(3)N gave 2-(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)benzo[b]furan (12). The benzotriazolyl-CH(2) side chain of 12 was further elaborated by (i) alkylation with trans-cinnamaldehyde to give the adduct 14, followed by intramolecular cyclization to give dibenzofuran 17; (ii) alkylation with benzyl bromide followed by elimination or nucleophilic displacement of the benzotriazolyl moiety with Grignard reagent and subsequent dehydrogenation to give 2-alkenylbenzofurans 15 or 20, respectively; (iii) alkylation with (CH(3))(3)CCHO followed by low-valent titanium-promoted olefination to give olefin 19; and (iv) alkylation with benzaldehyde followed by Lewis acid catalyzed pinacol type reaction to give 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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Suresh J, Patra PK, Ila H, Junjappa H. A new general regiocontrolled synthesis of highly substituted and condensed indoles via heteroaromatic annelation. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Katritzky AR, Serdyuk L, Xie L, Ghiviriga I. Efficient Syntheses of 2-Functionalized Thiophenes, Cyclopent[b]thiophenes, and Polysubstituted Benzo[b]thiophenes from 2-(Benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)thiophenes. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Larisa Serdyuk
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Linghong Xie
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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Katritzky AR, Fali CN, Li J. General and Efficient Approaches to Fused [1,2-a]Pyrroles and [1,2-a]Indoles. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9623191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Clara N. Fali
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Jianqing Li
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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