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Khalil A, Adam MSS. Nucleoside Scaffolds and Carborane Clusters for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Developments and Future Perspective. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5739-5754. [PMID: 37818562 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673245020230929152030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosides containing carboranes are one of the most important boron delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy, BNCT, which are good substrates of hTK1. The development of several nucleosides containing carboranes at early stages led to the discovery of the first generation of 3CTAs by incorporating a hydrocarbon spacer between the thymidine scaffold and carborane cluster and attaching dihydroxylpropyl group on the second carbon (C2) atom of the carborane cluster (e.g., N5 and N5-2OH). Phosphorylation rate, tumor cellular uptake, and retention have been evaluated in parallel to change the length of the tether arm of spacers in these compounds. Many attempts were reported and discussed to overcome the disadvantage of the first generation of 3CTAs by a) incorporating modified spacers between thymidine and carborane clusters, such as ethyleneoxide, polyhydroxyl, triazole, and tetrazole units, b) attaching hydrophilic groups at C2 of the carborane cluster, c) transforming lipophilic closo-carboranes to hydrophilic nidocarborane. The previous modifications represented the second generation of 3CTAs to improve the hydrogen bond formation with the hTK1 active site. Moreover, amino acid prodrugs were developed to enhance biological and physicochemical properties. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of carboranyl thymidine analogues led to the roadmap for the development of the 3rd generation of the 3CTAs for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaker S Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82534, Egypt
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2
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Kulkarni S, Bhandary D, Singh Y, Monga V, Thareja S. Boron in cancer therapeutics: An overview. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108548. [PMID: 37858628 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Boron has become a crucial weapon in anticancer research due to its significant intervention in cell proliferation. Being an excellent bio-isosteric replacement of carbon, it has modulated the anticancer efficacy of various molecules in the development pipeline. It has elicited promising results through interactions with various therapeutic targets such as HIF-1α, steroid sulfatase, arginase, proteasome, etc. Since boron liberates alpha particles, it has a wide-scale application in Boron Neutron Capture therapy (BNCT), a radiotherapy that demonstrates selectivity towards cancer cells due to high boron uptake capacity. Significant advances in the medicinal chemistry of boronated compounds, such as boronated sugars, natural/unnatural amino acids, boronated DNA binders, etc., have been reported over the past few years as BNCT agents. In addition, boronated nanoparticles have assisted the field of bio-nano medicines by their usage in radiotherapy. This review exclusively focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic aspects of boron in cancer therapeutics. Emphasis is also given on the mechanism of action along with advantages over conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Dyuti Bhandary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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Druzina AA, Dudarova NV, Ananyev IV, Antonets AA, Kaluzhny DN, Nazarov AA, Sivaev IB, Bregadze VI. New Boron Containing Acridines: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6636. [PMID: 37764412 PMCID: PMC10650824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the first conjugates of acridine with cobalt bis(dicarbollide) are reported. A novel 9-azido derivative of acridine was prepared through the reaction of 9-methoxyacridine with N3CH2CH2NH2, and its solid-state molecular structure was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The azidoacridine was used in a copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction with cobalt bis(dicarbollide)-based terminal alkynes to give the target 1,2,3-triazoles. DNA interaction studies via absorbance spectroscopy showed the weak binding of the obtained conjugates with DNA. The antiproliferative activity (IC50) of the boronated conjugates against a series of human cell lines was evaluated through an MTT assay. The results suggested that acridine derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) might serve as a novel scaffold for the future development of new agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Dudarova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Antonets
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Dmitry N. Kaluzhny
- V.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Str., 11991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Igor B. Sivaev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
- Basic Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyannyi Line, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
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4
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Charge-Compensated Derivatives of Nido-Carborane. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data on the main types of charge-compensated nido-carborane derivatives. Compared with organic analogs, onium derivatives of nido-carborane have increased stability due to the stabilizing electron-donor action of the boron cage. Charge-compensated derivatives are considered according to the type of heteroatom bonded to a boron atom.
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Laskova J, Kosenko I, Serdyukov A, Sivaev I, Bregadze VI. Synthesis of naphthalimide derivatives of closo‑dodecaborate and nido‑carborane. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bednarska-Szczepaniak K, Mieczkowski A, Kierozalska A, Pavlović Saftić D, Głąbała K, Przygodzki T, Stańczyk L, Karolczak K, Watała C, Rao H, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Leśnikowski ZJ. Synthesis and evaluation of adenosine derivatives as A 1, A 2A, A 2B and A 3 adenosine receptor ligands containing boron clusters as phenyl isosteres and selective A 3 agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113607. [PMID: 34171656 PMCID: PMC8448983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine pairs modified with a 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane cluster or alternatively with a phenyl group at the same position was synthesized, and their affinity was determined at A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). While AR affinity differences were noted, a general tendency to preferentially bind A3 AR over other ARs was observed for most tested ligands. In particular, 5'-ethylcarbamoyl-N6-(3-phenylpropyl)adenosine (18), N6-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-chloroadenosine (24) and N6-(3-phenylpropyl)adenosine (40) showed nanomolar A3 affinity (Ki 4.5, 6.4 and 7.5 nM, respectively). Among the boron cluster-containing compounds, the highest A3 affinity (Ki 206 nM) was for adenosine derivative 41 modified at C2. In the matched molecular pairs, analogs bearing boron clusters were found to show lower binding affinity for adenosine receptors than the corresponding phenyl analogs. Nevertheless, interestingly, several boron cluster modified adenosine ligands showed significantly higher A3 receptor selectivity than the corresponding phenyl analogs: 7vs. 8, 15vs. 16, 17vs. 18.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Metal Ions, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kierozalska
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodowa 106, 92-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dijana Pavlović Saftić
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodowa 106, 92-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - Konrad Głąbała
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodowa 106, 92-232, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przygodzki
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lidia Stańczyk
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Karolczak
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watała
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Harsha Rao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA
| | - Zbigniew J Leśnikowski
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodowa 106, 92-232, Łódź, Poland.
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Duo Y, Xie Z, Wang L, Mahmood Abbasi N, Yang T, Li Z, Hu G, Zhang H. Borophene-based biomedical applications: Status and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Kwiatkowska A, Sobczak M, Mikolajczyk B, Janczak S, Olejniczak AB, Sochacki M, Lesnikowski ZJ, Nawrot B. siRNAs Modified with Boron Cluster and Their Physicochemical and Biological Characterization. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1017-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400059y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Slawomir Janczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology
and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 92-232
Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka B. Olejniczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology
and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 92-232
Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew J. Lesnikowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology
and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 92-232
Lodz, Poland
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Vaitkus R, Sjöberg S. Large inclusion constants of β-cyclodextrin with carborane derivatives. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Ma L, Hamdi J, Huang J, Hawthorne MF. Camouflaged carborane amphiphiles: synthesis and self-assembly. Inorg Chem 2006; 44:7249-58. [PMID: 16180890 DOI: 10.1021/ic050895m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic amine hydrochloride salts of B-polymethylated (camouflaged) (aminoalkyl)- and bis(aminoalkyl)carboranes have been designed and synthesized in high yield for the purpose of constructing novel carborane-based nanomaterials. Due to the distinct separation of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions within each salt, the mono- and disubstituted amphiphiles spontaneously self-assembled upon sonication into rod-shape micro/nanostructures in aqueous solutions. The effects of concentration, method of dispersion, solvent, chain length, counterion, ionic charge, and underlying carborane cage structure on the formation of the these rod products were investigated. The microrods have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and FTIR. For the first time, this work clearly demonstrates the self-assembly of B-polymethylated carboranes into supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 90095-1569, USA
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11
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Abstract
The synthesis of boron-containing 1,3,5-triazines and 1,2,4-triazines is described. Derivatives of 1,3,5-triazine containing the o-carborane cluster have been obtained by reacting the corresponding propargyl derivatives with B(10)H(14). Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazine containing the B(12)H(12)(2-) cluster have been obtained by nucleophilic substitution of ethylsulfone derivatives with B(12)H(11)SH(2-). They have been isolated in their ring-protonated form. Reaction of RNH(2)-B(8)H(11)NH-R with stericly demanding heterocycles failed, either for steric or for solubility reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Azev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany
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12
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Byun Y, Yan J, Al-Madhoun ASAS, Johnsamuel J, Yang W, Barth RFRF, Eriksson S, Tjarks W. The synthesis and biochemical evaluation of thymidine analogues substituted with nido carborane at the N-3 position. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 61:1125-30. [PMID: 15308203 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several thymidine analogues substituted with closo- and nido-carborane at the N-3 position were synthesized. The nido-carboranyl thymidine analogues were designed to be effective substrates for human thymidine kinase 1 in combination with an increased water solubility sufficient for clinical application in boron neutron capture therapy. This was done because N-3 substituted closo-carboranyl thymidine analogues previously synthesized in our laboratories were good TK1 substrates but were poorly water-soluble. Newly synthesized zwitterionic amino nido- and the corresponding neutral closo-m-carboranyl thymidine analogues exhibited excellent TK1 phosphorylation rates up to 75% relative to thymidine, indicating that these compounds were good substrates for thymidine kinase 1. Thin layer chromatographic studies were indicative of increased hydrophilicity of the synthesized nido-carboranyl thymidine analogues compared with their closo-carboranyl counterparts and previously reported closo-carboranyl thymidine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Byun
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, 422, Parks Hall, 500, West 12th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Vyakaranam K, Rana G, Ratanasuwan A, Hosmane SN, Maguire JA, Hosmane NS. Novel, Water-Soluble Carboranyl Derivatives of Anthraquinones, Flourenones, and Sulfones: A Synthetic Investigation. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020387+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Yan J, Naeslund C, Al-Madhoun AS, Wang J, Ji W, Cosquer GY, Johnsamuel J, Sjöberg S, Eriksson S, Tjarks W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3'-carboranyl thymidine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2209-12. [PMID: 12127539 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a chemoradio-therapeutic method for the treatment of cancer. It depends on the selective targeting of tumor cells by boron-containing compounds. One category of BNCT agents with potential to selectively target tumor cells may be thymidine derivatives substituted at the 3'-position with appropriate boron moieties. Thus, several thymidine analogues were synthesized with a carborane cluster bound to the 3'-position either through an ether or a carbon linkage. The latter are the first reported carborane-containing nucleosides in which the carboranyl entity is directly linked to the carbohydrate portion of the nucleoside by a carbon-carbon bond. Low but significant phosphorylation rates in the range of 0.18% that of thymidine were observed for the carbon-linked 3'-carboranyl thymidine analogues in phosphoryl transfer assays using recombinant preparations of thymidine kinases 1 (TK1) and thymidine kinases 2 (TK2). Some of the ether-linked 3'-carboranyl thymidine analogues appeared to be slightly unstable under acidic as well as phosphoryl transfer assay conditions and were, if at all, poor substrates for TK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Todd JA, Rendina LM. Synthesis and DNA-binding properties of cationic 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridineplatinum(II) complexes containing 1,2- and 1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12). Inorg Chem 2002; 41:3331-3. [PMID: 12079447 DOI: 10.1021/ic025536v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of DNA metallointercalators containing a dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) (carborane) moiety are presented. Treatment of the labile platinum(II) complex [Pt(OTf)(terpy)](+) (terpy = 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine) with the 1,2-carborane monothiol derivatives 1-HS(CH(2))(n)-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(11) (n = 0, 1) or the novel 1,7-carborane ligand, 1-HSCH(2)-1,7-C(2)B(10)H(11), affords the stable, brightly colored species [Pt(1-S(CH(2))(n)-1,Z-C(2)B(10)H(11))(terpy)](+) (Z = 2, n = 0, 1; Z = 7, n = 1) in good yield and purity. Preliminary DNA-binding experiments with calf-thymus DNA indicate an intercalative interaction by the platinum(II) complexes at high r(f) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Todd
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Tjarks W. The use of boron clusters in the rational design of boronated nucleosides for neutron capture therapy of cancer. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Soloway AH, Tjarks W, Barnum BA, Rong FG, Barth RF, Codogni IM, Wilson JG. The Chemistry of Neutron Capture Therapy. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1515-1562. [PMID: 11848941 DOI: 10.1021/cr941195u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert H. Soloway
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, and The Comprehensive Cancer Center of The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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18
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Ghaneolhosseini H, Tjarks W, Sjöberg S. Synthesis of novel boronated acridines- and spermidines as possible agents for BNCT. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Synthesis of boronated phenanthridinium derivatives for potential use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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