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Bolshan Y, Tomaszewski MJ, Santhakumar V. Thiol on silica as a ‘catch and release’ support for isocyanates to afford ureas. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee SH, Matsushita H, Koch G, Zimmermann J, Clapham B, Janda KD. Smart Cleavage Reactions: the Synthesis of an Array of Ureas from Polymer-Bound Carbamates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:822-7. [PMID: 15360219 DOI: 10.1021/cc049916i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solid-phase synthesis of a library of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted ureas is described. In this approach, an array of polymer-bound carbamates was synthesized. These polymer-bound primary and secondary amine carbamates were then treated under "smart" diversity-building cleavage conditions using a series of aluminum amide complexes to form the corresponding urea cleavage products. The crude cleavage products from this study were isolated in excellent yield and purity. To show the applicability of this strategy, a series of biaryl ureas were synthesized using sequential solid-phase Suzuki coupling and urea formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeup Lee
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Larsen SD, Stachew CF, Clare PM, Cubbage JW, Leach KL. A catch-and-release strategy for the combinatorial synthesis of 4-acylamino-1,3-thiazoles as potential CDK5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 13:3491-5. [PMID: 14505655 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional libraries of 4-acylamino-1,3-thiazoles 9 were prepared via Curtius rearrangement of 1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl azides 6, trapping of the intermediate isocyanates with oxime resin, and thermal regeneration of the isocyanates from the washed resin in the presence of nucleophiles. Several compounds proved to be selective inhibitors of CDK5/p25 versus the closely homologous CDK2/cyclin A enzyme, with the best analogue (43) possessing over 100-fold selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Larsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Pharmacia Corporation, 333 Portage St., Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
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The application of a thiohydroxamic acid (THA) linker in the solid-phase synthesis of a urea library. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(02)00082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Krchnák
- ChemRx Advanced Technologies, Inc., a Discover Partners International Company, 9040 South Rita Road, Tucson, Arizona 85747, USA.
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Früchtel JS, Pflugseder K, Gstach H. Symmetric building blocks and combinatorial functional group transformation as versatile strategies in combinatorial chemistry. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 71:94-103. [PMID: 11288063 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(200021)71:2<94::aid-bit3>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A combination of symmetric building blocks and combinatorial functional group transformation for synthesis of pyrimidines was investigated. The purpose of the study was to maximize the return on invested synthetic efforts of reaction development for libraries. A representative set of symmetric diacids was coupled onto deprotected TentaGel Rink Amide resin. The amino function served as a model of a chemical process providing a functional group for additional synthetic steps, while the symmetric building blocks served as a model to connect synthesis protocols and to switch to a different synthesis paradigm consecutively. The reaction sequence was continued in a noncombinatorial step by coupling a bifunctional reagent (3-aminoacetophenone) to the remaining carboxy function of the symmetric diacid. The ketone served as a model of a reagent prepared for combinatorial functional group transformation. The arylmethylketone was reacted with a set of aryl- and heteroarylaldehydes to give alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Subsequently, guanidine, alkyl-, and arylcarboxamidines were introduced in combinatorial synthesis of substituted pyrimidines by reaction with the alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone functionality. The combination of symmetric building blocks and combinatorial functional group transformation created a versatile reaction sequence ideally suited for production of libraries from libraries with added diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Früchtel
- Novartis Forschungsinstitut Wien, Brunnerstrasse 59, A-1235 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Nowadays it is rare to find an issue of a major chemistry journal without at least one article on solid-phase synthesis. This is hardly surprising: the technique promises an end to arduous work-up procedures and the ability to facilitate the creation of vast libraries of compounds using combinatorial techniques. No longer is the technique only of interest to those involved in peptide synthesis: an enormous variety of product classes have now been prepared on and isolated from the solid phase. It is the "linker" which is the focus of this article. The linker's ultimate function is to release a product from the support into solution: it does this, without exception, with a chemical change to the product at the former linkage site. Some linkers, apparently, are "traceless". But what, in fact, is "tracelessness"? Twenty years ago, in a climate where cleavage of a linker resulted in formation of a polar carboxylic acid as the vestige of the support, the concept was attractive. Today the chemist is faced with a myriad of novel linkers which have the ability to release products bearing most major functionalities at the former linkage site and we will argue here that the term "traceless", although currently in widespread use, is meaningless. Instead, we propose a new categorization of linkers based on the functionality they release upon cleavage, and suggest a nomenclature to underpin this categorization. We anticipate that the article will also serve to highlight areas of linker technology in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C. Comely
- Department of Chemistry King's College, London, Strand London, WC2R 2LS (UK)
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Guillier F, Orain D, Bradley M. Linkers and cleavage strategies in solid-phase organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Chem Rev 2000; 100:2091-158. [PMID: 11749285 DOI: 10.1021/cr980040+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Guillier
- Department of Chemistry, Southampton University, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K., and Alanex Division of Agouron Pharmaceuticals, A Werner Lambert Company, 3550 General Atomic Courts, San Diego, California 92121
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3-thiopropionic acid as a highly versatile multidetachable thioester resin linker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02443557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chang YT, Schultz PG. Versatile fluorescence labeling method using activated esters on solid support. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2479-82. [PMID: 10498192 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A versatile fluorescence labeling method employing support bound nitrophenyl, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, 1-hydroxybenzotriazoyl and oxime active esters is described. The relative kinetic properties of different esters were systematically compared using an environment-independent benzoquinoline dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Lepore SD, Wiley MR. Use of the Kaiser Oxime Resin in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of 3-Aminobenzisoxazoles. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9901034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
An efficient solid-phase synthesis of 3,1-benzoxazine-4-ones is described. Immobilized amino acid based functionalized urea derivatives 2 undergo a high yielding heterocyclization under mild conditions in presence of coupling reagents (DIC, TsCl/Py, or Ac2O) to afford 3,1-benzoxazine-4-ones 6. The method offers broad scope for structural and chemical diversity, and is amenable for combinatorial synthesis of 3,1-benzoxazine-4-ones libraries with potential for discovery of novel serine protease inhibitors. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- MF Gordeev
- Versicor, Inc., Ardenwood Business Park, 34790 Ardentech Court, Fremont, California 94555, USA
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Hamuro Y, Scialdone MA, DeGrado WF. Resin-to-Resin Acyl- and Aminoacyl-Transfer Reactions Using Oxime Supports. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9818654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Hamuro
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, and DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Mark A. Scialdone
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, and DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Contribution from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, and DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
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Hamuro Y, Marshall WJ, Scialdone MA. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Acyclic and Cyclic Amino Acid Derived Urea Peptidomimetics Using Phoxime Resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/cc980028v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Hamuro
- DuPont Life Sciences Enterprise, Biochemical Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences, P.O. Box 80228, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
| | - William J. Marshall
- DuPont Life Sciences Enterprise, Biochemical Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences, P.O. Box 80228, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
| | - Mark A. Scialdone
- DuPont Life Sciences Enterprise, Biochemical Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences, P.O. Box 80228, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
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Molecular recognition and solid phase organic synthesis: Synthesis of unnatural oligomers, techniques for monitoring reactions, and the analysis of combinatorial libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-7459(99)80013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kobayashi S, Akiyama R. Lanthanide triflate-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of polymer-supported nitrones with alkenes for the preparation of diverse 2-isoxazoline derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rafai Far A, Tidwell TT. Ketenes in Soluble Polymer Bound Synthesis: Preparation of Succinamides and 4-Pyridones. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Rafai Far
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Thomas T. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Scialdone MA, Shuey SW, Soper P, Hamuro Y, Burns DM. Phosgenated p-Nitrophenyl(polystyrene)ketoxime or Phoxime Resin. A New Resin for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Ureas via Thermolytic Cleavage of Oxime-Carbamates. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9716542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Scialdone
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Steven W. Shuey
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Paul Soper
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Yoshitomo Hamuro
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - David M. Burns
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
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Dressman BA, Singh U, Kaldor SW. Solid phase synthesis of urea libraries using a diversifiable thiophenoxy carbonyl linker. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Recent literature in solid-phase organic and inorganic chemistry has been reviewed. Papers have been collated according to the compounds prepared on the solid phase and the types of transformations performed. Covered are more than 40 chemical transformations as well as the preparation of more than 50 functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W James
- Chiron Technologies Pty. Ltd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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