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Togashi K, Sugimoto H. Copulation Duration and Sperm Precedence with Reference to Larval Diapause Induction in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:255. [PMID: 38667385 PMCID: PMC11050047 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adults of the pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus are the primary vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease. A sawyer subspecies in Taiwan (abbreviated 'T') has two generations a year (bivoltinism) due to facultative diapause, whereas another subspecies in Japan (abbreviated 'J') has a one- or two-year life cycle due to obligate diapause. T, with two infection periods a year, will cause more severe disease epidemics than J if it is introduced into Japan. Inter-subspecies hybridization may inhibit the expression of bivoltinism because many F1 hybrids induce diapause. To predict the effects of introducing T into Japan, the present study investigated copulation duration and late-male sperm precedence to fertilize eggs. The results indicated that a single copulation for more than 65 s supplied sufficient sperm to fertilize a lifetime production of eggs. The incidence of larval diapause was 0.15 for the offspring of T females that mated with a T male and increased to 0.292-0.333 after remating with a J male, while the incidence of larval diapause was 0.900-1.000 for hybrids from T females mated with a J male. Consequently, the estimated proportion of second-male sperm used by T females was 0.185-0.217. The effects of introducing T populations into Japan on the severity of disease epidemics were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Togashi
- Laboratory of Forest Zoology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Forestry Engineering Department, Yamaguchi Agriculture and Forestry General Technology Center, Yamaguchi 753-0001, Japan;
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Parker GA. Conceptual developments in sperm competition: a very brief synopsis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200061. [PMID: 33070727 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The past half century has seen the development of the field of post-ejaculatory sexual selection, the sequel to sexual selection for mate-acquisition (pre-ejaculatory) described by Darwin. In richness and diversity of adaptations, post-ejaculatory selection rivals that of pre-ejaculatory sexual selection. Anisogamy-and hence two sexes-likely arose by primeval gamete competition, and sperm competition remains a major force maintaining high sperm numbers. The post-ejaculatory equivalent of male-male competition for matings, sperm competition was an intense ancestral form of sexual selection, typically weakening as mobility and internal fertilization developed in many taxa, when some expenditure became diverted into pre-ejaculatory competition. Sperm competition theory has been relatively successful in explaining variation in relative testes size and sperm numbers per ejaculate and is becoming more successful in explaining variation in sperm phenotype. Sperm competition has generated many other male adaptations such as seminal fluid proteins that variously modify female reproduction towards male interests, and copulatory plugs, prolonged copulations and post-ejaculatory guarding behaviour that reduce female remating probability, many of which result in sexual conflict. This short survey of conceptual developments is intended as a broad overview, mainly as a primer for new researchers. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff A Parker
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Correlated evolution of sexually selected traits: interspecific variation in ejaculates, sperm morphology, copulatory mate guarding, and body size in two sympatric species of garter snakes. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rosa ME, Barta Z, Fülöp A, Székely T, Kosztolányi A. The effects of adult sex ratio and density on parental care in Lethrus apterus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae). Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harts AMF, Kokko H. Understanding promiscuity: when is seeking additional mates better than guarding an already found one? Evolution 2013; 67:2838-48. [PMID: 24094337 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paternity protection and the acquisition of multiple mates select for different traits. The consensus from theoretical work is that mate-guarding intensifies with an increasing male bias in the adult sex ratio (ASR). A male bias can thus lead to male monogamy if guarding takes up the entire male time budget. Given that either female- or male-biased ASRs are possible, why is promiscuity clearly much more common than male monogamy? We address this question with two models, differing in whether males can assess temporal cues of female fertility. Our results confirm the importance of the ASR: guarding durations increase with decreasing female availability and increasing number of male competitors. However, several factors prevent the mating system from switching to male monogamy as soon as the ASR becomes male biased. Inefficient guarding, incomplete last male sperm precedence, any mechanism that allows sperm to fertilize eggs after the male's departure, and (in some cases) the unfeasibility of precopulatory guarding all help explain cases where promiscuity exists on its own or alongside temporally limited mate-guarding. Shortening the window of fertilization shifts guarding time budgets from the postcopulatory to the precopulatory stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M F Harts
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Raveh S, Heg D, Viblanc VA, Coltman DW, Gorrell JC, Dobson FS, Balmer A, Neuhaus P. Male reproductive tactics to increase paternity in the polygynandrous Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Himuro C, Fujisaki K. Males of the seed bug Togo hemipterus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) use accessory gland substances to inhibit remating by females. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:1538-1542. [PMID: 18835395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In species in which females mate repeatedly, males can adopt several strategies to reduce the risk of sperm competition with future males. The refractory period of females significantly increased as the mating duration increased in the seed bug Togo hemipterus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). To elucidate the mechanisms by which mated females are inhibited from remating, we investigated the effects of male-derived substances on the inhibition of mating receptivity of virgin females by injecting the substances into their abdomens. The length of time from injection to mating in virgin females was significantly longer for females injected with accessory gland B solution than for those injected with seminal vesicle, accessory gland A, or control solutions. This is the first report showing that heteropteran males inhibit female remating by using substances from an accessory gland. We discuss and consider the adoption and evolution of this strategy by T. hemipterus males by focusing on female genitalia structures, oviposition habit, and paternity and comparing these traits with those of other heteropterids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Himuro
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Takami Y, Sota T. Rapid diversification of male genitalia and mating strategies in Ohomopterus ground beetles. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:1385-95. [PMID: 17584233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We analysed evolutionary diversification and covariation in male genitalia and four mating traits related to sexual selection, i.e. testis size, spermatophore size, copulation duration and post-copulatory guarding duration, in Ohomopterus ground beetles using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Male genital size and mating duration have evolved more rapidly than body size and the other traits studied. Male genital size was negatively correlated with copulation duration, suggesting that elongated male genitalia may enable decreased time investment in a single copulation because it is more effective at facilitating spermatophore deposition. Male genital size was positively correlated with spermatophore size, suggesting coevolution between offensive and defensive male mating tactics because the elongated male genitalia may be advantageous in displacement of rivals' plug-like spermatophores, and decreased mating duration may intensify sperm competition. Thus, the remarkable diversity of male genitalia in Ohomopterus may have been facilitated by the interplay between inter- and intrasexual selection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takami
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
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Takami Y. Spermatophore displacement and male fertilization success in the ground beetle Carabus insulicola. Behav Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arm022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thomas LK, Manica A. Intrasexual competition and mate choice in assassin bugs with uniparental male and female care. Anim Behav 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Goshima S, Kawashima T, Wada S. Mate choice by males of the hermit crabPagurus filholi: Do males assess ripeness and/or fecundity of females? Ecol Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Campbell V, Fairbairn DJ. Prolonged copulation and the internal dynamics of sperm transfer in the water strider Aquarius remigis. CAN J ZOOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/z01-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Copulations lasting much longer than required to effect insemination are common throughout the Insecta, but their adaptive significance remains obscure. We address the hypothesis that prolonged copulations benefit male Aquarius remigis (Hemiptera, Gerridae) by influencing sperm use and storage following insemination. We describe the gynatrial complex of females and document sperm location immediately following 32 naturally terminated and 25 artificially terminated copulations. We also examine sperm storage in 22 females isolated from males for 210 days. Our results demonstrate that insemination occurs at the end of copulation, and therefore that prolonged copulation is not a post-insemination mate-guarding tactic, as was previously assumed. Sperm are transferred in a coherent, coiled mass and move rapidly to the spermathecal tube, the primary storage organ. However, a few sperm move directly to the fecundation canal and hence should be capable of immediate fertilization. Prolonged copulation is associated with increased filling of the spermathecal tube, which may indicate some form of copulatory courtship or sperm loading by males during the prolonged pre-insemination phase. We discuss this new interpretation of prolonged copulation in A. remigis in the context of the overall costs and benefits of prolonged copulation for both sexes under the natural conditions of polygynandry.
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Yamamura N, Jormalainen V. Compromised strategy resolves intersexual conflict over pre-copulatory guarding duration. Evol Ecol 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01237713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hammerstein P, Selten R. Chapter 28 Game theory and evolutionary biology. HANDBOOK OF GAME THEORY WITH ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s1574-0005(05)80060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Prolonged copulation as a post-insemination guarding tactic in a natural population of the ragwort seed bug. Anim Behav 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(89)80011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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