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Blatt LM, Davis JM, Klein SB, Taylor MW. The biologic activity and molecular characterization of a novel synthetic interferon-alpha species, consensus interferon. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996; 16:489-99. [PMID: 8836913 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1996.16.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Consensus interferon (Infergen) is a wholly synthetic type I interferon (IFN), developed by scanning several interferon-alpha nonallelic subtypes and assigning the most frequently observed amino acid in each position, resulting in a consensus sequence. The antiviral, antiproliferative, NK cell activation activity, cytokine induction, and interferon-stimulated gene-induction activity of consensus interferon has been compared with naturally occurring type I interferons. In all of these comparisons, consensus interferon had a higher activity when compared, on a mass basis, with IFN-alpha 2a and IFN-alpha 2b, although the activity was the same for all of these parameters on an antiviral unit basis. That a synthetic type I interferon could have higher activities than naturally occurring molecules is surprising and may be a result of the higher affinity for the array of type I interferon receptors demonstrated for consensus interferon when compared with IFN-alpha. In contrast, consensus interferon was shown to be an inferior inducer of IL-1 beta when compared with IFN-alpha. These results may reflect differential binding to multiple accessory proteins interacting with a type I interferon receptor. These unique biologic properties may lead to a favorable clinical benefit for consensus interferon when compared with the naturally occurring recombinant molecules. Ongoing clinical trials will ascertain whether consensus interferon can be used in a wide array of disease situations, such as chronic viral infections and certain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Blatt
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91230, USA
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Branca AA. Interferon receptors. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 1988; 24:155-65. [PMID: 2450859 DOI: 10.1007/bf02623541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Branca
- Department of Biochemistry, Albany Medical College of Union University, New York 12208
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Abstract
Early studies on the mode of action of interferons have indicated that a receptor system on the cell surface is involved in its action. The first direct evidence to a high-affinity binding site was found only after pure interferon was available. Two different receptors, one specific for interferons-alpha and beta, and the other for interferon-gamma were recognized. A correlation between affinity to the receptor and specific activity was established. Cross-linked complexes of labeled interferons with their receptors were visualized on gel electrophoresis and even partially purified. Internalization of interferons after binding to the receptor was reported. The role of gangliosides as helpers of interferon binding was recently investigated. Fragments of interferons which still retained binding capacity were described and helped in elucidating the binding site on the interferon molecule.
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Weissmann C, Weber H. The interferon genes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1986; 33:251-300. [PMID: 3025923 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Grant S, Bhalla K, Weinstein B, Pestka S, Mileno MD, Fisher PB. Recombinant human interferon sensitizes resistant myeloid leukemic cells to induction of terminal differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 130:379-88. [PMID: 3861180 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha A) inhibits growth of the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 without inducing these cells to differentiate terminally. When IFN-alpha A is combined with agents capable of inducing differentiation in HL-60 cells, such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cis or trans retinoic acid (RA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), growth suppression and induction of differentiation are dramatically increased. By growing HL-60 cells in increasing concentrations of TPA, RA, or DMSO, a series of sublines have been developed which are resistant to the usual growth inhibition and induction of differentiation seen when wild type HL-60 cells are exposed to these agents. Treatment of these resistant HL-60 cells with the combination of IFN-alpha A and the appropriate inducer results, however, in a synergistic suppression in cell growth and a concomitant induction of terminal differentiation. The ability of interferon to interact synergistically with agents which promote leukemic cell maturation may represents a novel means of reducing resistant leukemic cell populations.
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Chen L. Cell to cell transmission of the "priming" effect on the induction of human fibroblast interferon. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1985; 5:111-9. [PMID: 3989333 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1985.5.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast cells remain primed for IFN-beta 1 synthesis for at least 18 days after the removal of IFN-beta 1, to the same extent as cells primed shortly before induction. The maximal effect of priming is observed in cells that are treated with IFN at low cell density and are subsequently allowed to undergo several divisions. This observation suggests that the information for priming is propagated from cell to cell upon cell division. A diminished priming effect is observed after cells undergo more than three divisions in culture, suggesting a dilution of the mediator responsible for the transmission of the effect. It was not possible to demonstrate intercellular communication of the priming effect by a mediator found in the medium or by cell to cell contact. Observation that priming persists in cells for 18 days in the absence of detectable levels of IFN in the medium, but virus-resistance declines after three days supports the previous suggestion for different mechanisms involved in these two IFN-induced phenomena.
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Feinstein S, Traub A, Lazar A, Mizrahi A, Teitz Y. Studies on cell binding and internalization of human lymphoblastoid (Namalva) interferon. JOURNAL OF INTERFERON RESEARCH 1985; 5:65-76. [PMID: 2580922 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1985.5.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The binding of iodinated human lymphoblastoid Namalva interferon to Namalva cells, to a human fibroblast cell strain (FS11), and to a bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) was characterized. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated the presence of about 1000-2000 receptors per cell and dissociation constants of the order of 0.1 to 0.01 nM. Two subspecies of Namalva interferon (16 K and 20 K), which differ in their antiviral activity toward bovine and human cells, were found to bind with the same affinity toward bovine MDBK cells but to differ in their affinity to human cells. Experimental results indicated that at 37 degrees C the bound interferon is internalized within 15 min after binding to Namalva cells, and then degraded in the lysosomes. Exposure of Namalva cells to interferon resulted in a 40% reduction of the number of cell surface receptors (down-regulation).
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Traub A, Feinstein S, Gez M, Lazar A, Mizrahi A. Purification and properties of the alpha-interferon receptor of human lymphoblastoid (Namalva) cells. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bradley NJ, Darling JL, Oktar N, Bloom HJ, Thomas DG, Davies AJ. The failure of human leukocyte interferon to influence the growth of human glioma cell populations: in vitro and in vivo studies. Br J Cancer 1983; 48:819-25. [PMID: 6652021 PMCID: PMC2011555 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1983.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Five high-grade (3 grade III and 2 grade IV) astrocytoma tumour cell populations were treated with a preparation of Human Leukocyte Interferon either in monolayer cell culture or as multicellular spheroids in vitro or as xenografts growing in immune-deprived mice in vivo. A moderate and transient sensitivity was seen in one grade III tumour when tested in both of the in vitro assays, but no inhibition of growth was seen in vivo. Two tumours which were apparently resistant to Interferon treatment responded to orthodox chemotherapy. When used in conjunction with BCNU, Interferon was not effective in prolonging delay in tumour growth. It is concluded that Interferon is unlikely to be an effective agent in the treatment of malignant brain tumours.
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Joshi AR, Sarkar FH, Gupta SL. Interferon receptors. Cross-linking of human leukocyte interferon alpha-2 to its receptor on human cells. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Branca AA, Faltynek CR, D'Alessandro SB, Baglioni C. Interaction of interferon with cellular receptors. Internalization and degradation of cell-bound interferon. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Zoon K, Zur Nedden D, Arnheiter H. Specific binding of human alpha interferon to a high affinity cell surface binding site on bovine kidney cells. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Belardelli F, Aliberti A, Santurbano B, Antonelli G, D'Agnolo G, Rossi GB. Interferon-induced antiviral actions in Friend leukemia cells: role of membrane gangliosides. Virology 1982; 117:391-400. [PMID: 6175090 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mogensen KE, Bandu MT, Vignaux F, Aguet M, Gressner I. Binding of 125I-labelled human alpha interferon to human lymphoid cells. Int J Cancer 1981; 28:575-82. [PMID: 6171531 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910280508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the binding of interferon to human lymphoid cells, we purified human alpha interferon and radio-labelled it with iodine-125. Binding at 4 degrees C could be saturated and was inhibited by unlabelled interferon; it was specific for cells of human origin. Dissociation constants for the complex of interferon and receptor site were of the order 10(-9)-10(-11) M. All human cells tested showed such binding. Occupation of these high-affinity sites, at 37 degrees C, was compared with the inhibition of cellular growth due to interferon. The most sensitive cell line (Daudi) gave a complete biological response with only a fraction of its sites occupied. Evidence of two sites was found for a line (P3HRI) showing intermediate sensitivity. A relatively insensitive line (Raji) showed no response when all its high-affinity sites were occupied.
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Shulman L, Revel M. Interferon-dependent induction of mRNA activity for (2'-5')oligo-isoadenylate synthetase. Nature 1980; 288:98-100. [PMID: 6159548 DOI: 10.1038/288098a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
At least three different enzymes involved in the regulation of protein synthesis are induced in a variety of cells by interferon (IFN). Sensitive assays for these enzymes have been developed and used to establish the specificity, dose dependence and time course of their induction by IFN. One of these enzymes, the oligo-isoadenylate synthetase E, whose product (2'-5')pppApApA activates the latent ribonuclease F, is increased over 50-fold after IFN treatment. We describe here the assay for an mRNA from IFN-treated mouse L cells, that produces oligo-isoadenylate synthetase activity when injected into Xenopus oocytes. This mRNA is found in the cells only after exposure to IFN. The mRNA increases in mouse L cells with the same time course as the enzyme activity itself. In particular, there is a 3-h lag period between IFN addition and the onset of enzyme and mRNA accumulation. Using anti-IFN antibodies, we show that during this lag period the continued interaction of IFN with the cells is necessary for the full induction of the oligo-isoadenylate synthetase.
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Rubin BY, Gupta SL. Interferon-induced proteins in human fibroblasts and development of the antiviral state. J Virol 1980; 34:446-54. [PMID: 6154807 PMCID: PMC288723 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.34.2.446-454.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of human fibroblasts with interferon induces the synthesis of several proteins, as detected by incorporation of [35S]methionine followed by analysis of cell extracts by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The induction of these proteins had features in common with the development of the antiviral effect of interferon, such as (i) sensitivity to actinomycin D and cycloheximide when these compounds were added together with interferon, (ii) insensitivity to actinomycin D if the actinomycin D was added 2 h after the addition of interferon, (iii) similar dependence on interferon concentration, and (iv) species specificity for interferon. When interferon treatment was given in the presence of cycloheximide and actinomycin D was added before the removal of cycloheximide, all four proteins were induced, thus suggesting that their inductions are coordinated. Labeling for 2-h periods at varying time intervals after the addition of interferon revealed that the synthesis of these proteins was induced within a few hours, peaked at different time intervals, and was soon followed by a marked decline, suggesting that the mRNA's for these proteins have short half-lives. Moreover, this decline occurred despite the fact that the cells were continuously exposed to interferon, and there was no measurable loss of interferon activity in the medium. This suggests that the induction of these proteins is transient and is apparently subject to further control.
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de Leeuw PW, Tiessink JW, van Bekkum JG. Aspects of heat inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk from intramammarily infected susceptible cows. J Hyg (Lond) 1980; 84:159-72. [PMID: 6244342 PMCID: PMC2133889 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400026668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In skim milk obtained from susceptible cows after intramammary and intravenous inoculation (primary infected milk), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus type O1 was slower inactivated by heat treatment than virus that had been added to pre-exposure skim milk. Residual virus infectivity in heated primary infected milk was more efficiently detected in bovine thyroid cell cultures than in secondary pig kidney (PK2) cell cultures. Untreated primary infected milk was found to inhibit both FMD-virus and vesicular stomatitis virus plaque formation in PK2 cells, suggesting the presence of interferon. The results of further tests confirmed that the interfering activity in unheated primary infected milk was indeed caused by an interferon. Interferon excretion in primary infected milk was investigated using a series of milk samples from three cows. Maximum interferon titres were found after 24 h, coinciding with or shortly after the first virus excretion peak. The results are discussed with particular reference to the use of primary infected milk in studies of the thermal inactivation of FMD-virus.
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Corbel MJ, Brewer RA. Isolation and properties of an RNA fraction present in Brucella culture supernatants. J Hyg (Lond) 1980; 84:223-36. [PMID: 6153668 PMCID: PMC2133888 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400026723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The supernatant fluids of batch and continuous cultures of Brucella strains contained up to 100 mg/l of soluble RNA which could be recovered by precipitation with lysozyme, This RNA fraction had many of the properties of ribosomal RNA and was single-stranded, sensitive to ribonuclease, with an approximate sedimentation constant of 5S, a molecular weight of about 35000 daltons and an adenine; guanine; cytosine; uracil content of 17.5; 26.5; 33; 23 mol% respectively. RNA fractions from lysozyme precipitates evoked high titres of Brucella agglutinins on injection into rabbits and induced acute inflammatory responses in guinea-pig skin. Highly purified RNA fractions prepared by phenol extraction of lysozyme precipitates did not evoke antibodies to Brucella abortus.
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Abstract
Mouse and human interferons adsorbed well both to human and mouse cells. There was no difference in the recovering of homologous and heterologous interferons from the cells. Pretreatment of the cells with heterologous interferon did not prevent adsorption of subsequently applied homologous interferon and did not interfere with the antiviral activity of homologous interferon.
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Gordon I, Stevenson D. Kinetics of decay in the expression of interferon-dependent mRNAs responsible for resistance to virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:452-6. [PMID: 6244560 PMCID: PMC348289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We used 5,6-dichloro-beta D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB), a selective and reversible inhibitor of mRNA production, to investigate the regulation of the pathway leading to resistance to viruses in cells treated with interferon (IF). DRB allows initiation of transcription but promotes premature termination of the nucleotide chains, so that it abolishes interferon-dependent protection against viruses. When the DRB is removed, synthesis of complete mRNAs can resume. Mouse L-929 cells were exposed to 100 microM DRB before and during a 1-hr pulse of IF followed by treatment with antibody to IF to prevent cell-to-cell spread of IF after that time. At different intervals thereafter the cells were washed and the DRB was replaced by medium; after further incubation, the cells were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Resistance to virus was inversely proportional to the duration of the block imposed by DRB. When the DRB was removed soon after the IF pulse, substantial protection from virus ensued, but none developed when removal of the DRB was deferred for 5-6 hr. Cells exposed to DRB for 5 hr, then pulsed with IF for 1 hr, still mounted a strong antiviral response. The data show that the ability of cells to resist viral infection decays within 5-6 hr after treatment with IF. Whether the decay is due to shutoff of transcription of mRNAs, or to their destruction or degradation, or whether regulation takes place at one or more subsequent steps in the antiviral pathway, remains to be determined.
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Sedmak JJ, Jameson P, Grossberg SE. Thermal and vortical stability of purified human fibroblast interferon. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1978; 110:133-52. [PMID: 31770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9080-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The loss of biological activity upon heating or agitation of human interferons is markedly altered by changing their aqueous environment. Low pH significantly stabilizes liquid fibroblast interferon at 68 degrees C and 37 degrees C whereas chaotropic salts stabilize at 68 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C; this anomalous result may be due to reactivation of biological activity at the higher temperature. The concentration of extraneous proteins influences the apparent thermal stability at any temperature and pH; thus, interferon was not stable even at low pH at protein concentrations less than 5 microgram/ml. Solutions of partially purified fibroblast interferon can be inactivated by mechanical stress; the addition of proteins or nonionic detergents prevents such inactivation. Freeze-dried preparations show the greatest thermal stability. The use of high-temperature, accelerated storage tests makes it possible to predict the shelf-life of freeze-dried interferon.
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Ratner L, Sen GC, Brown GE, Lebleu B, Kawakita M, Cabrer B, Slattery E, Lengyel P. Interferon, double-stranded RNA and RNA degradation. Characteristics of an endonuclease activity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 79:565-77. [PMID: 923567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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De Clercq E, Edy VG, Cassiman JJ. Chromosome 21 does not code for an interferon receptor. Nature 1976; 264:249-51. [PMID: 187947 DOI: 10.1038/264249a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Johnson HM, Baron S. Interferon: effects on the immune response and the mechanism of activation of the cellular response. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 4:203-27. [PMID: 12914 DOI: 10.3109/10409237609105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of interferon in 1957 by Drs. Isaacs and Lindenmann led to major revisions in the concepts of man's defenses against viral infections. There are at least two types of interferon. Along with their antiviral properties, they have recently been shown to exert a suppressive effect on the humoral and cellular immune response; they affect both B and T lymphocytes. A variety of substances, including virus, polyribonucleotides, and mitogens for T lymphocytes, are good interferon inducers. T lymphocytes seem to be necessary for these inducers to exert their immunosuppressive effects. The immunosuppressive effects of interferon inducers suggests that interferons may be mediators of suppressor T lymphocyte effects. In the virus system, interferon does not exert its antiviral effects by direct action on the virus, but rather derepresses a cell gene that results in the production of an antiviral protein. This antiviral protein is probably the mediator of inhibition of virus replication. This is a complex sequence of events that results in the interaction of interferon with the cell membrane and the resulting production of the antiviral state in the cell. This review will examine the various steps of this involved process.
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Vengris VE, Reynolds FH, Hollenberg MD, Pitha PM. Interferon action: role of membrane gangliosides. Virology 1976; 72:486-93. [PMID: 181911 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Revel M, Bash D, Ruddle FH. Antibodies to a cell-surface component coded by human chromosome 21 inhibit action of interferon. Nature 1976; 260:139-41. [PMID: 1088820 DOI: 10.1038/260139a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pitha PM, Vengris VE, Reynolds FH. The role of cell membrane in the antiviral effect of interferon. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1976; 4:467-73. [PMID: 778494 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of interferon action in human fibroblasts has been studied by use of both antisera to human fibroblast interferon and the antisera to the surface of human fibroblast cell. The anti-interferon serum completely neutralized the antiviral effect of human fibroblast interferon. Interferon antiserum prevented the intracellular antiviral state from developing when added to the medium of the cells in which interferon synthesis had already been induced by poly (I-C). This suggests that development of the antiviral state involves interferon interaction with the external part of the producing cell. Treatment with the serum directed against the surface of human fibroblast cells failed to inhibit the antiviral activity of human interferon in these cells. In addition, the effect of gangliosides on the antiviral activity of human interferon was studied and it was found that human interferon binds to gangliosides and that this interaction leads to inactivation of the antiviral effect of interferon. Pretreatment of human fibroblasts with gangliosides had no effect on the sensitivity of these cells to exogenous interferon.
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Hilfenhaus J, Thierfelder H, Barth R. [Sensitivity of various primate cells and animal viruses to the antiviral activity of human leukocyte interferon (author's transl)]. Arch Virol 1975; 48:203-11. [PMID: 170886 DOI: 10.1007/bf01317963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
U cells (a permanent, human amnion cell line) were protected against infection with Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) by human interferon (HIF) from peripheral leukocytes. Despite the usual genus-specific action of interferons, mouse L929 cultures (a permanent mouse fibroblast cell line) were also protected by HIF. The antiviral action of HIF in six other primate cell cultures was also examined. It is of interest that two lymphoblastoid cell lines, RPMI1788 and Kaplan, were insensitive to HIF. The sensitivity of ten different viruses against HIF in primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures was compared. Among the viruses tested SFV was the most sensitive whereas two strains of vaccinia virus were barely inhibited. In contrast, type 1 herpes simplex virus was relatively sensitive to the action of HIF.
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Vengris VE, Stollar BD, Pitha PM. Interferon externalization by producing cell before induction of antiviral state. Virology 1975; 65:410-7. [PMID: 165620 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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