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Al-Soneidar WA, Harper S, Coutlée F, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Nicolau B. Prevalence of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Human Papillomaviruses in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and Noncancer Controls and Relation to Behavioral Factors. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1088-1096. [PMID: 37584283 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause head and neck cancer (HNC), which is increasing in incidence in developed countries. We investigated the prevalence of alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) HPVs among HNC cases and controls, and their relationship with sociodemographic, behavioral, and oral health factors. METHODS We obtained oral rinse and brush samples from incident HNC cases (n = 369) and hospital-based controls (n = 439) and tumor samples for a subsample of cases (n = 121). We genotyped samples using polymerase chain reaction with PGMY09-PGMY11 primers and linear array for α-HPV and type-specific multiplex genotyping assay for β-HPV and γ-HPV. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were obtained from interviews. RESULTS The prevalence of α-, β-, and γ-HPV among controls was 14%, 56%, and 24%, respectively, whereas prevalence among cases was 42%, 50%, and 33%, respectively. Prevalence of α- and γ-HPV, but not β-HPV, increased with increase in sexual activity, smoking, and drinking habits. No HPV genus was associated with oral health. Tumor samples included HPV genotypes exclusively from the α-genus, mostly HPV-16, in 80% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of α- and γ-HPV, but not β-HPV, seems to vary based on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. We did not observe the presence of cutaneous HPV in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Al-Soneidar
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University
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Al-Soneidar WA, Harper S, Alli BY, Nicolau B. Interaction of HPV16 and Cutaneous HPV in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215197. [PMID: 36358615 PMCID: PMC9656907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) increases the risk of developing head and neck cancer (HNC). There are over 200 known genotypes of HPV, but only a minority are carcinogenic. Cutaneous genotypes, which are traditionally isolated from the skin, were thought to be benign. However, recent evidence shows that they could be related to some cancers including HNC. Our goal in this study has been to investigate if there is an interaction between HPV16, a high-risk genotype from the alpha genus, with cutaneous HPV (beta and gamma genera) in HNC. We found preliminary evidence that among those infected with HPV16, co-infection with beta HPV could weaken the carcinogenic effect whereas coinfection with gamma HPV could strengthen the carcinogenic effect. While our findings show there might be an interaction between HPV16 and cutaneous HPV, these results are not conclusive and warrant further investigation. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed. Abstract Objectives: Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is an established risk factor for Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). Recent reports have shown that genotypes from the beta (β) and gamma (γ) genera, also known as cutaneous HPV, can be found in the oral cavity, but their role is largely unidentified. We investigated the interaction between oral HPV16 and cutaneous HPV in HNC. Methods: We use data on incident HNC cases (n = 384) and frequency-matched hospital-based controls (n = 423) from the HeNCe Life study in Montreal, Canada. Participants were tested for alpha HPV and cutaneous genera using oral mouth rinse and brush samples. We used unconditional logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of the effect between HPV and HNC and assessed the interaction between HPV genotypes on the multiplicative and additive scales. Results: Prevalence of HPV infection was higher among cases (73%) than controls (63.4%), with cases more likely to be coinfected with more than a single genotype, 52.9% vs. 43.5%, respectively. Infection with HPV16 alone had a strong effect on HNC risk aOR = 18.2 [6.2, 53.2], while infection with any cutaneous HPV, but not HPV16, appeared to have the opposite effect aOR = 0.8 [0.6, 1.1]. The observed effect of joint exposure to HPV16 and any cutaneous HPV (aOR = 20.4 [8.3, 50.1]) was stronger than the expected effect based on an assumption of independent exposures but was measured with considerable imprecision. While the point estimate suggests a positive interaction between HPV16 and cutaneous HPV, results were imprecise with relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 2.4 [−23.3, 28.2]. Conclusion: There could be biologic interaction between HPV16 and genotypes from cutaneous genera, which warrants further investigation. Although cutaneous HPVs are not usually found in tumor tissues, they are cofactors that could interact with HPV16 in the oral cavity and thus strengthen the latter’s carcinogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A. Al-Soneidar
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Babatunde Y. Alli
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Regalado Ibarra AM, Legendre L, Munday JS. Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog. J Vet Dent 2019; 35:79-95. [PMID: 29865982 DOI: 10.1177/0898756418774575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes a rare case of a persistent canine papillomavirus type 1 (CPV-1)-induced oral papilloma that underwent malignant transformation into an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a 3-year-old Labrador retriever cross. Initially, the patient had multiple and multifocal verrucous lesions populating the oral cavity exclusively. The papillomas persisted despite multiple surgical ablations, azithromycin, interferon α-2b, alternative medicines, and off-label drug use of an immunostimulant. After 1 year and 6 months, an aggressive lesion developed at the level of the left mandibular first molar (309) and progressed to a well-differentiated invasive OSCC. The presence of CPV-1 DNA in the OSCC, and the known oncogenic abilities of CPV-1, suggests that this virus might have played a significant role in the emergence of the OSCC that ultimately led to the patient's euthanasia due to poor quality of life. This is the first well-documented case where OSCC has developed from an oral papilloma caused by CPV-1 in which the presence of coinfection by another papillomavirus was excluded by multiple polymerase chain reaction tests using various primers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Legendre
- 1 West Coast Veterinary Dental Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John S Munday
- 2 Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
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Schaefer EAF, Chu S, Pearce JW, Bryan JN, Flesner BK. Papillomavirus DNA not detected in canine lobular orbital adenoma and normal conjunctival tissue. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:226. [PMID: 31277650 PMCID: PMC6612140 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine lobular orbital adenomas are benign tumors that arise from orbital glandular tissue and extend into the orbit, conjunctiva, and third eyelid. Surgical excision is challenging and recurrence rates are high following excision alone. Enucleation and exenteration reduces the likelihood of recurrence, but is a radical therapeutic option for an otherwise visual and comfortable eye. Human papillomavirus causes 4.5% of worldwide cancers in people and has been identified in up to 23% of benign salivary gland tumors. To date, the etiology of canine lobular orbital adenomas has not been established and it is reasonable to consider canine papillomaviruses as an associative agent with benign glandular tumors in dogs. Identification of the underlying etiology of these tumors may help establish treatment or preventative measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate conjunctival and orbital tissue of phenotypically normal dogs and tissue from canine lobular orbital adenomas for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. RESULTS Thirty seven canine lobular orbital adenoma samples (36 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 33 dogs and one freshly collected sample) were evaluated via polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomavirus DNA. Conjunctival tissue samples, from 10 dogs with normal ocular examinations, excised immediately following euthanasia, were used as phenotypically normal controls. Three FFPE and one freshly collected tissue samples previously confirmed to be positive for papillomavirus DNA were used as positive controls. PCR products verified positive controls. Papillomavirus DNA was not detected in fresh conjunctival tissue of the phenotypically normal control dogs or in samples of fresh or FFPE canine lobular orbital adenoma tissue. CONCLUSIONS An association between papillomavirus and the development of canine lobular orbital adenomas is unlikely. Further research is needed to evaluate if other viruses play a role in the pathogenesis of canine lobular orbital adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A F Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Pearce
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Present address: VCA Canada Vancouver Animal Emergency and Referral Centre, 2303 Alberta St, Vancouver, BC, V5Y 4A7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Vascellari M, Mazzei M, Zanardello C, Melchiotti E, Albanese F, Forzan M, Croce MF, Alberti A, Abramo F. Felis catus Papillomavirus Types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Feline Bowenoid in Situ Carcinoma: An In Situ Hybridization Study. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:818-825. [PMID: 31266406 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819859874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies based on histopathology or molecular investigations suggest a causal relation between Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV-2) infection and bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC) in cats. Nevertheless, data on distribution of viral DNA for different F. catus papillomavirus types (FcaPV-1, 2, 3, 4, 5) in precancerous skin lesions are lacking. In this study, incisional and excisional skin biopsies from 18 cats with BISC were investigated for the presence of FcaPV DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) using specific probes to detect each of the FcaPVs that have been identified so far. By qPCR analysis, 15 of 18 samples were positive for FcaPV-2, 2 were positive for FcaPV-4, and 1 sample was negative for all FcaPVs studied. Two cases were positive for FcaPV-5 by qPCR only. FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-3 were not detected by either method. CISH positivity for FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-4 was 100% concordant with qPCR. FcaPV-2 CISH signal was observed as nuclear dots within grouped neoplastic keratinocytes in 12 BISCs and in the perilesional skin of 9 biopsies. In 3 of these 9 cases, the signal was not observed within the BISC. FcaPV-4 CISH positivity was detected only within BISCs in 2 cases. The overall rate of concordance for FcaPV detection between PCR and CISH was 97.8%. This study suggests that CISH is a reliable method to detect FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-4 infection in cats and provides useful information on the type, rate, and localization of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vascellari
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Francesco Albanese
- Private Veterinary Laboratory "LaVallonea," Passirana di Rho (MI), Italy
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mazzei M, Forzan M, Carlucci V, Anfossi AG, Alberti A, Albanese F, Binanti D, Millanta F, Baroncini L, Pirone A, Abramo F. A study of multiple Felis catus papillomavirus types (1, 2, 3, 4) in cat skin lesions in Italy by quantitative PCR. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:772-779. [PMID: 28948904 PMCID: PMC11104150 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17732255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate, by quantitative PCR (qPCR), the presence of papillomavirus in feline viral plaques (VPs), Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). Methods Twenty-nine cases with previously established diagnoses of feline VPs, BISC, invasive SCC and AK were selected from a dermatopathological database. A critical re-evaluation of diagnosis was performed by defining clear criteria toward carcinomatous vs non-carcinomatous, in situ vs invasive (if carcinomatous) and viral vs actinic. Cases were evaluated for p16 immunolocalisation. The presence of the target viral genes for Felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV)-1, FcaPV-2, FcaPV-3 and FcaPV-4 was determined by qPCR. The data generated ΔΔCq values, which represent a normalised measure of DNA viral quantity. Samples with a positive ΔΔCq value were submitted to sequence analysis. Results Four VPs, 19 BISCs, four SCCs and one case of AK were included. By ΔΔCq analysis we found that all VPs were positive for FcaPV-1 or FcaPV-2; eight BISCs were positive for FcaPV-1, FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-4. FcaPV-2 was the most prevalent among the group of VPs and BISCs. Conclusions and relevance Using the ΔΔCq method we report the first evidence of FcaPV-1, FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-4 in Italy. FcaPV-2 was the most frequently detected; to a lesser extent, FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-4 were detected in the examined samples. FcaPV-3 was never associated with viral-induced lesions by ΔΔCq investigation. Compared with conventional PCR the ΔΔCq method has the advantage of establishing a possible role of the virus in the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vito Carlucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio G Anfossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Diana Binanti
- Private Veterinary Laboratory ‘AbLab’, Sarzana, Italy
| | | | - Lisa Baroncini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Fifty years ago, inoculation with bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found to cause mesenchymal tumors of the skin in cattle and horses, as well as tumors of the bladder in cattle. Subsequent to these studies of BPVs, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) were found to cause cervical cancer resulting in intense research into papillomaviruses. During the past 50 years, the ways that HPVs and BPVs cause disease have been investigated, and both HPVs and BPVs have been associated with an increasingly diverse range of diseases. Herein, the biology, oncogenic mechanisms, and diseases associated with BPVs are compared with those of HPVs. As reviewed, there are currently significant differences between BPVs and HPVs. However, research 50 years ago into BPVs formed a prologue for the recognition that papillomaviruses have a significant role in human disease, and it is possible that future research may similarly reveal that BPVs are less different from HPVs than is currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Foster AP, Barlow AM, Nasir L, Wilson CD, Everest DJ, Erdelyi K, Finnegan CJ, Schock A. Fibromatous lesions of antler velvet and haired skin in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus
). Vet Rec 2013; 172:452. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Foster
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA)-Shrewsbury; Kendal Road, Harlescott Shrewsbury Shropshire SY1 4HD UK
| | - A. M. Barlow
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Langford; Langford House Langford North Somerset BS40 5DX UK
| | - L. Nasir
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research; Institute of Infection; Immunity and Inflammation; Affiliated to the School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; Garscube Estate, Bearsden Road Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - C. D. Wilson
- Donview Veterinary Centre; Burghmuir Place, Blackhall Industrial Estate, Inverurie Aberdeenshire AB51 4FW UK
| | - D. J. Everest
- Mammalian Virus Investigation Unit; Department of Virology; AHVLA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - K. Erdelyi
- National Food Chain Safety Office; Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate; 1149 Budapest Tabornok Hungary
| | - C. J. Finnegan
- Mammalian Virus Investigation Unit; Department of Virology; AHVLA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - A. Schock
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Lasswade; Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan Penicuik EH26 OPZ UK
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Rehtanz M, Bossart GD, Fair PA, Reif JS, Ghim SJ, Jenson AB. Papillomaviruses and herpesviruses: who is who in genital tumor development of free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)? Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:297-304. [PMID: 22763174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The number of studies addressing neoplasia in marine mammals has recently increased, giving rise to concern whether such lesions could be reflective of an emerging infectious disease. Eight species-specific viruses, seven papillomaviruses (PVs) and two herpesviruses (HVs) have separately been shown to be associated with genital tumors in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, Tt): TtPV1-6, as well as HVs provisionally assigned the names DeHV4 and -5 (Delphinid HVs). A definite causal role of these viruses in cell transformation remains to be demonstrated. Concurrent PV- and HV-infection has never been reported in marine mammals. DNA extractions from biopsies of genital tumors derived from 15 free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins were selected for molecular examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed the presence of DeHV4, while a serological screening using an antibody-based TtPV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated previous and/or current infection of the HV-positive dolphins with at least one TtPV type. Therefore, care must be taken when drawing conclusions about viral causalities in tumor development, since the "hit and run" and other mechanisms have been described for types of both viral families. This study presents the first evidence of marine mammals having a history of PV- as well as HV-infection and discusses the disputed effects of viral co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rehtanz
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Waropastrakul S, Munday JS, French AF. Infrequent detection of papillomaviral DNA within canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, haemangiosarcomas and healthy skin on the ventrum of dogs. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:197-e41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O'Neill SH, Newkirk KM, Anis EA, Brahmbhatt R, Frank LA, Kania SA. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in feline premalignant and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:68-74. [PMID: 20609206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant cutaneous and oral neoplasm of cats. Papillomavirus (PV) DNA has been identified in a proportion of feline Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs), cutaneous SCCs and a single oral SCC, but its exact role in the pathogenesis remains unknown. In humans, it has been suggested that ultraviolet (UV) light and human PV (HPV) may act as cofactors in cutaneous SCC carcinogenesis. Little is known about the influence of UV light on PV prevalence in feline cutaneous lesions, including actinic keratosis (AK). Additionally, PV prevalence in noncutaneous feline lesions, including oral SCC, is largely not known. This study aimed to determine the presence of PV in 84 cats with premalignant and invasive SCC from cutaneous and noncutaneous sites using polymerase chain reaction and to investigate an association with UV light. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified from two of 12 cases of AK, seven of 22 BISCs, nine of 39 cutaneous SCCs and two of 35 non-cutaneous SCCs. Of the PV DNA sequenced, 50% was most similar to HPV of the genus Betapapillomavirus, while the other 50% was most similar to Felis domesticus PV type 2. Exposure to UV was not associated with an increase in PV for cutaneous SCC. The results of this study suggest that in the cat, HPV DNA may be detectible within a higher percentage of squamous lesions than previously demonstrated, UV exposure may not be a confounder for PV presence, and noncutaneous lesions may have a low prevalence of PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H O'Neill
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Munday JS, Knight CG, French AF. Evaluation of feline oral squamous cell carcinomas for p16CDKN2A protein immunoreactivity and the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:280-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Munday JS, Knight CG, Howe L. The Same Papillomavirus is Present in Feline Sarcoids from North America and New Zealand but Not in Any Non-Sarcoid Feline Samples. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:97-100. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline sarcoids are uncommon dermal neoplasms that are associated with papillomavirus (PV) infection. A single PV type, designated feline sarcoid–associated PV (FeSarPV), was detected in 9 feline sarcoids from North America. As FeSarPV has only been detected within feline sarcoids, the epidemiology of the infection remains unknown. The present study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate whether this PV is also present within sarcoids from New Zealand cats. Additionally, as PVs are often host-specific, it was hypothesized that FeSarPV may often asymptomatically infect cats but rarely cause disease. To test this hypothesis, specific PCR primers were designed to investigate the presence of FeSarPV DNA within 120 samples from the skin and mouth of cats without sarcoids. Feline sarcoids from both New Zealand and North America contained FeSarPV DNA sequences. However, FeSarPV DNA was not detected within any non-sarcoid feline sample. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that FeSarPV has been reported in a country outside North America. As FeSarPV does not asymptomatically infect cats, feline sarcoids are likely due to cross-species infection. Although the reservoir host of FeSarPV is unknown, the host is present and has contact with cats, in both New Zealand and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Munday
- Departments of Pathobiology, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Cameron G. Knight
- Comparative Physiology and Anatomy, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Laryssa Howe
- Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
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Munday J, Howe L, French A, Squires R, Sugiarto H. Detection of papillomaviral DNA sequences in a feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:359-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Munday JS, Keenan JI, Beaugie CR, Sugiarto H. Ovine small intestinal adenocarcinomas are not associated with infection by herpesviruses, Helicobacter species or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. J Comp Pathol 2009; 140:177-81. [PMID: 19159897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sheep in New Zealand more frequently develop small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA) than sheep in other countries. The reasons for this high rate of intestinal neoplasia are not known. In man, differences between countries in the incidence of neoplasia are often due to differences in the rate of infection by carcinogenic viruses or bacteria. Therefore, it was hypothesized that New Zealand sheep more frequently develop SIA as they are more frequently exposed to an infectious agent. This study compared rates of detection of herpesviruses, Helicobacter species, and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in ovine SIA to rates of detection in samples of intestine with non-neoplastic disease. These infectious agents were chosen as all three have been associated with human intestinal cancer. Microscopical examination did not reveal helical bacteria within sections of SIA or non-neoplastic jejunum. Polymerase chain reaction amplified herpesviral DNA more frequently from samples of non-neoplastic jejunum than samples of SIA. MAP DNA was not amplified from either neoplastic or non-neoplastic jejunum. These results suggest that the high rates of SIA in New Zealand sheep are not due to frequent infection by herpesviruses, Helicobacter species or MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Munday JS, Kiupel M, French AF, Howe L. Amplification of papillomaviral DNA sequences from a high proportion of feline cutaneousin situand invasive squamous cell carcinomas using a nested polymerase chain reaction. Vet Dermatol 2008; 19:259-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Nespeca G, Grest P, Rosenkrantz WS, Ackermann M, Favrot C. Detection of novel papillomaviruslike sequences in paraffin-embedded specimens of invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinomas from cats. Am J Vet Res 2008; 67:2036-41. [PMID: 17144807 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.12.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect and partially characterize papillomavirus (PV) DNA in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumor specimens from cats. SAMPLE POPULATION 54 formalin-fixed paraffinembedded skin biopsy specimens were examined. Specimens originated from Bowenoid in situ SCC (BISC; n = 21), invasive SCC (22), and skin affected by miscellaneous nonneoplastic conditions (11). PROCEDURES Samples from each tissue block underwent DNA extraction after deparaffinization, and PCR assays were performed. Two sets of primers derived from PV E1 were used. The first set of primers was designed for the narrow-range PCR assay and was able to generate amplification products of feline PV (FePV), canine oral PV, or closely related PVs. The second set of primers was selected for the broad-range PCR assay because of its ability to amplify DNA from 64 human PVs. Sequence analysis of each amplified DNA was performed. RESULTS 1 of the 21 specimens of BISC was positive for PV DNA on the basis of narrow-range PCR assay results, whereas all the other specimens (BISC, invasive SCC, and controls) had negative results for PV DNA. In contrast, 5 of 21 BISC specimens and 4 of 22 invasive SCC specimens were positive for PV DNA on the basis of broad-range PCR assay results. Sequence analysis revealed that only 1 specimen was infected by a virus closely related to classic FePV. In the 8 other specimens positive for PV DNA, DNA of unknown PVs was uncovered. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bowenoid in situ SCC and invasive SCC of cats may be associated with PVs of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Nespeca
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Chin R, Earnest-Silveira L, Koeberlein B, Franz S, Zentgraf H, Bowden S, Bock CT, Torresi J. Failure of Lamivudine to Reverse Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Changes in ERK, Akt and Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins. Antivir Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350801300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major factor associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine results in virological suppression and histological improvement; however, the role of lamivudine in preventing the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is less well defined. We recently reported that replication of HBV in a cell-culture system was associated with the upregulation of pERK, pAkt, pc-Myc, nuclear cyclin B1, p21cip1 and p53 together with G2 cell cycle arrest. Methods In order to determine whether lamivudine is able to reverse the HBV-induced changes on signal transduction and cell cycle, we infected Huh7 cells with a recombinant adeno-HBV virus in the presence of 0–50 μM of lamivudine. Signal transduction and cell cycle regulatory proteins were analysed by western immunoblot. Results Although lamivudine was able to inhibit HBV replication, it failed to reverse the changes on ERK and Akt phosphorylation. Correspondingly, levels of phospho-GSK3β and p21cip1/waf1 were increased, as were cyclin D1, cyclin B1, p53 and pc-Myc. Conclusions Lamivudine was ineffective in reversing the HBV-induced changes in signal transduction pathways and cell cycle regulatory proteins, indicating that the HBV-infected cells remained primed for oncogenic transformation despite viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Chin
- Department of Medicine, CCREID, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Earnest-Silveira
- Department of Medicine, CCREID, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernd Koeberlein
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Franz
- Applied Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanswalter Zentgraf
- Applied Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Scott Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Victoria, Australia
| | - C-Thomas Bock
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Medicine, CCREID, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Simian virus 40 and cancer. Oncol Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-007-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Munday JS, Kiupel M, French AF, Howe L, Squires RA. Detection of papillomaviral sequences in feline Bowenoid in situ carcinoma using consensus primers. Vet Dermatol 2007; 18:241-5. [PMID: 17610489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feline Bowenoid in situ carcinoma (BISC) is a rare disease that presents as multiple discrete plaques of epidermal hyperplasia and dysplasia. Two studies using immunohistochemistry revealed papillomaviral antigens in 11% and 47% of BISCs. Additionally, a recent study detected papillomaviral DNA in 24% of BISC lesions. To further investigate the association between papillomaviruses and BISC, polymerase chain reaction using consensus primers was used to detect papillomaviral DNA in 18 formalin-fixed samples of BISC. Papillomaviral DNA was amplified from 11 of the samples but from none of the controls. Six amplicons were sequenced; one was homologous with a papillomavirus from a human patient with multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and the other five showed weak homology to human papillomavirus type 17. These five sequences were > 96% homologous over a 235 bp sequence, indicating the presence in all five BISCs of one papillomavirus type distinct from any previously sequenced and more closely related to human than animal papillomaviruses. The results confirm an association between BISC and papillomaviruses, and as all six papillomavirus sequences identified are closely related to human papillomaviruses, it is possible that the virus is transmitted from humans to cats or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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21
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Wilhelm S, Degorce-Rubiales F, Godson D, Favrot C. Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical study of feline viral plaques and bowenoid in situ carcinomas. Vet Dermatol 2006; 17:424-31. [PMID: 17083574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feline viral plaques (FVP) induced by papillomavirus (PV) are often hyperpigmented and flat warts. The fact that up to 47% of bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISC), which also usually occur in the form of hyperpigmented plaques, are positive for PV antigen in immunochemistry suggests that BISC could evolve from FVP. The relationship between the presence of PV antigens and the clinical and histological features of 26 cases of feline dermatoses (clinically described as pigmented plaques and with histological diagnosis of FVP and/or BISC) was therefore determined. The cases were classified into one of the three following groups: FVP, FVP + BISC or BISC. Immunohistological detection of papillomavirus group-specific antigen was performed using a polyclonal rabbit antibovine papillomavirus antiserum. Of the seven cases in the FVP group, six were deemed positive by immunohistology as were all 10 cats in the FVP + BISC group. On the other hand, only one of the nine BISC cats was positive. The presence of both FVP and BISC lesions in some cats and the high detection rate of PV antigens in the FVP and FVP + BISC groups suggest that both conditions might have the same viral cause and that some BISC may evolve from FVP. The low rate of viral antigen detection in the BISC group indicates another cause or a loss of viral replication during the cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Wilhelm
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Kremsdorf D, Soussan P, Paterlini-Brechot P, Brechot C. Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: paradigms for viral-related human carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2006; 25:3823-33. [PMID: 16799624 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As discussed in detail in other chapters of this review, chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most HCCs complicate the evolution of an active or inactive cirrhosis. However, some tumors occur on livers with minimal histological changes; the prevalence of such cases varies from one geographical region to the other, being much higher in the southern half of Africa (around 40% of HCCs) than in Asia, America and Europe, where at least 90% of HCCs are associated with the cirrhosis. This heterogeneity is probably a reflection of different environmental and genetic factors. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis. It will show in particular how viruses can be viewed as tools to discover and dissect new cellular pathways involved in cancer development and emphasize the potential synergistic effects between HBV and hepatitis C virus, as well as between viral infections and other environmental factors, such as alcohol.
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23
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Zaugg N, Nespeca G, Hauser B, Ackermann M, Favrot C. Detection of novel papillomaviruses in canine mucosal, cutaneous and in situ squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Dermatol 2005; 16:290-8. [PMID: 16238808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) DNA is frequently uncovered in samples of human skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, the role of these viruses in the development of such cancers in canine species remains controversial. While approximately 100 human PVs are known, only one single canine oral PV (COPV) has been identified and studied extensively. Therefore, we applied a narrow-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suitable for the detection of classical canine and feline PVs, as well as a broad-range PCR, which has been used for the detection of various novel PVs in humans, in order to analyse 42 paraffin-embedded samples, representing three different forms of canine SCCs. Ten samples of skin tissues with various non-neoplastic conditions served as controls. While none of the negative controls reacted positively, PV DNA was discovered in 21% of the tested SCC samples. Interestingly, the classical COPV was amplified from only one sample, while the other positive cases were associated with a variety of thus far unknown PVs. This study suggests that a fraction of canine SCC is infected with PVs and that a genetic variety of canine PVs exists. Therefore, these results will facilitate the future study of the role of PVs in the development of canine skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaugg
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Gao Y, Lu YJ, Xue SA, Chen H, Wedderburn N, Griffin BE. Hypothesis: a novel route for immortalization of epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus. Oncogene 2002; 21:825-35. [PMID: 11850810 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2001] [Revised: 10/30/2001] [Accepted: 10/31/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transfection of primate tissue explants with a specific sub-fragment (p31) of EBV DNA results in epithelial (but no other) cells proliferating indefinitely (becoming 'immortalized') without evidence of a 'growth crisis'. Molecular evidence supports integration of viral information into the host chromosome, and an early genotypic alteration involving specific amplification of a sub-component (IR1) of p31 DNA, followed by apparent loss of viral DNA from chromosomes, consistent with a 'hit and run' mechanism. However, analysis at the individual cell level during long-term culture, by FISH techniques, reveals chromosomal alterations, and viral sequences surviving within double minute (DM) bodies. Changing growth patterns occurring at different stages during propagation (>a year in culture) may be explained by sporadic reintegration of surviving viral DNA into the host chromosome. Notably, throughout culture, telomere lengths in chromosomal DNAs do not alter but rather retain the length observed in the primary cell populations. Introduction of a growth stimulating function of EBV, BARF1, into the immortalized, non-clonable epithelial cells under conditions which permit overexpression, allows clonal populations to be derived. Based on the data, mechanisms of immortalization, in the absence of a proven viral oncogene in p31 DNA, and possible genes involved, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Gao
- Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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25
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Riet FS, Renan MJ. How infections with non-retroviral RNA viruses may be involved in the development of neoplasia. Med Hypotheses 2000; 55:109-13. [PMID: 10904425 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.1999.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There have been reports of associations of infections with non-retroviral RNA viruses and tumour development. A hypothesis is proposed as to how non-retroviral RNA viruses may play a role in the development of neoplasia. It is based on a recent report of the detection of complementary DNA (cDNA) of the RNA virus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mouse and hamster cells. This lends credence to the claim made in 1975 of the detection of cDNA copies of genomic DNA of three non-retroviral RNA viruses integrated into the DNA of host cells. Briefly, the hypothesis proposes that at least one cDNA fragment of a non-retroviral RNA virus is synthesized and integrated into the genome of the host cell in a way that could lead or contribute to tumour development. General approaches for testing the hypothesis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Riet
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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26
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Bréchot C, Gozuacik D, Murakami Y, Paterlini-Bréchot P. Molecular bases for the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Semin Cancer Biol 2000; 10:211-31. [PMID: 10936070 DOI: 10.1006/scbi.2000.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common histological form of primary liver cancer; the tumor cells having retained features of hepatocytic differentiation. It is important to emphasize the heterogeneity of the histological background on which the tumor develops. Most HCCs complicate the evolution of an active or inactive cirrhosis. However, some tumors occur on livers with minimal histological changes; the prevalence of such cases varies from one geographical region to the other; being much higher in the southern half of Africa (around 40% of HCCs) than in Asia, America and Europe, where at least 90% of HCCs are associated in the cirrhosis. This heterogeneity is probably a reflection of different environmental and genetic factors. A large number of epidemiological and molecular studies have indeed clearly demonstrated the prime importance of environmental factors to the development of primary liver cancers in humans. Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infections are major risk factors. This review will mainly analyse the impact of chronic HBV infection but it is important to emphasize the potential synergistic effects between HBV and HCV, as well as between viral infections and other environmental factors, such as alcohol, chemical carcinogens (see review by Dr Wogan) and other, still poorly defined, hormonal factors which may account for the higher incidence of the tumor in man. Finally the review by Dr Buendia highlights the emerging issue of liver-cancer genetics.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Cycle
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Genome, Viral
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Virus Integration
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bréchot
- Liver unit and INSERM U370, CNR Pasteur/Necker Institute, Paris, France.
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Atula S, Grenman R, Kujari H, Syrjänen S. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal carcinoma cell lines provides evidence for a heterogeneic cell population. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35:825-32. [PMID: 10505045 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been studied in laryngeal carcinomas with contradictory results. To evaluate the causal relationship between HPV infection and epithelial malignancies of the larynx, 27 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines from 22 patients were studied. Also, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of the original tumours were available from 12 patients. First, Southern blot hybridisation (SBH) was used for the analysis of 18 cell lines and 12 original tumour sections were studied by in situ hybridisation (ISH) to detect HPV. Further, cell lines and tumour biopsy samples were investigated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using three sets of consensus primers directed to L1 and E1 ORFs (open reading frames) and type-specific primers to HPV 16 E6 region. The adjacent apparently normal epithelium of one original biopsy sample showed positive signals for HPV by ISH. All other samples were HPV negative with these methods. The study was then extended to 27 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines, including the 18 cell lines studied earlier. A new nested PCR method was used with MY as external and general primers (GP) as internal primers for the cell lines and original tumour samples to achieve a maximal sensitivity. Subsequent SBH was performed to confirm the specificity of PCR products with both low- and high-risk HPV oligonucleotide probe mixtures and also with the HPV 16 oligoprobe. With this method, seven of 27 (26%) cell lines and seven of 12 (58%) tumour samples were found to harbour high-risk HPV. In two cases both the original tumour sample and the derived cell line showed HPV positivity. These results indicate that HPV copy numbers are low and only a minority of tumour cells harbour HPV DNA, explaining partly the controversial results reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Atula
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
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28
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Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) induces papillomas of cutaneous or mucosal epithelia in cattle. The papillomas are benign tumours and generally regress, but occasionally persist and provide the focus for malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in the presence of environmental cofactors. This has been experimentally demonstrated for BPV-2 and cancer of the urinary bladder, and BPV-4 and cancer of the upper alimentary canal in cattle feeding on bracken fern. In this review, several aspects of the biology of the virus are described including viral genome structure, regulation of transcription of the viral oncogenes, function of the viral oncoproteins, cooperation between virus and chemical cofactors in carcinogenesis, virus latency and prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Campo
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, CRC Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Park CK, Park TR, Kim YB, Kim HY, Yoo JY, Kim CH, Choo SH, Cho JM. Viral loads and E2/NS1 region sequences of hepatitis C virus in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver. Korean J Intern Med 1997; 12:28-33. [PMID: 9159034 PMCID: PMC4531967 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.1997.12.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous epidemiologic data have documented that chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). But the molecular mechanism underlying these strong epidemiologic associations between HCV and HCC has not be elucidated. We observed the changes of HCV in HCC to investigate the association of HCV with HCC. METHODS We used competitive and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and dideoxy-nucleotide chain termination method to compare HCV titers and sequences of the hypervariable region of E2/NS1 region of four isolates from the HCC and surrounding cirrhotic liver tissues in tow anti-HCV positive patients. RESULTS The copy numbers of HCV-RNA were 1 x 10(6) and 4 x 10(6)/gm wet weight of HCC, and 8 x 10(7) and 3.2 x 10(8)/gm wet weight of cirrhotic liver tissues from patient-1 and -2. The sequence differences between HCV RNA in HCC and in cirrhotic liver were two and five nucleotides in patient-1 and in patient-2 respectively. The amino acid sequences were changed in one and two site in each patient. CONCLUSION These findings may suggest the possible etiological role of HCV in carcinogenesis of HCC, but complete sequence analysis of HCV including multiple isolates in the same patient, should be performed in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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Brechot C. Hepatitis B and C viruses and primary liver cancer. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 1996; 10:335-73. [PMID: 8864037 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3528(96)90010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The data presented indicate that viral agents (namely, HBV and HCV) are major environmental aetiological factors for human primary liver cancer. It is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms further because HCC is one of the few examples of virus-related human cancers. In addition, the available evidence points to the possibility of at least partial prevention of the tumour by large-scale vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brechot
- INSERM U370 and Liver Unit, CHU Necker, Paris, France
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Yeudall WA, Paterson IC, Patel V, Prime SS. Presence of human papillomavirus sequences in tumour-derived human oral keratinocytes expressing mutant p53. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER. PART B, ORAL ONCOLOGY 1995; 31B:136-43. [PMID: 7633286 DOI: 10.1016/0964-1955(94)00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of eight oral epithelial cell lines derived from untreated human oral squamous cell carcinomas, which had arisen in patients with different tobacco histories, were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, expression of stable p53 protein and p53 point mutation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening, but not Southern blot analysis, showed HPV-16 early region sequences to be present at low copy number (< 1 copy per cell) in two cell lines at early passage (3-5) in vitro (H400, T45), implying that only subpopulations of cells harboured viral DNA. HPV sequences were undetectable in cells at later passage (12-15), suggesting that viral sequences had been lost during growth in vitro, or that negative selection of HPV-containing cells had occurred. High levels of p53 were detected in the two HPV-positive cell lines and in three others (H103, H314, H357) by Western blotting, suggesting expression of mutant (stable) p53 molecules. A sixth cell line (H157) expressed a truncated p53. Sequence analysis of exons 2-11 of the p53 gene revealed missense mutations in six cell lines, one of which (H413) did not result in high levels of protein, and nonsense mutations in the remaining two cell lines (H157, H376). The results suggest that p53 mutation is a frequent genetic event in oral cancer. In addition, the expression of mutant p53 in oral cancer cells does not preclude a papillomaviral aetiology for these tumours. Analysis of p53 expression alone may result in underestimation of the frequency of p53 mutations in human cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Yeudall
- Laboratory of Cellular Development & Oncology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Cooperation between Bovine Papillomaviruses and Dietary Carcinogens in Cancers of Cattle. INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PATHOGENESIS 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1100-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gangemi JD, Pirisi L, Angell M, Kreider JW. HPV replication in experimental models: effects of interferon. Antiviral Res 1994; 24:175-90. [PMID: 7526790 DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(94)90066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of interferon (IFN) therapy on human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been hampered by the inability to propagate these viruses in cell culture. Nonetheless, interferon is used extensively in the treatment of HPV infections. Alpha interferons in particular have found a place in the treatment of anogenital disease, plantar warts, and laryngeal papillomas. While their is significant clinical evidence to suggest that interferon is useful in therapy of disease, the cellular mechanism(s) (i.e., antiviral, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory) by which IFN is able to control HPV-induced pathology is not well understood. This review focuses on experimental animal and cell culture models which are currently being used to help identify the antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects of IFN on HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Gangemi
- Greenville Hospital System/Clemson University, SC 29634
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Paterlini P, Driss F, Nalpas B, Pisi E, Franco D, Berthelot P, Bréchot C. Persistence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral genomes in primary liver cancers from HBsAg-negative patients: a study of a low-endemic area. Hepatology 1993. [PMID: 8380790 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840170106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of HBV and HCV in the course of primary liver cancer in patients who are negative for HBsAg has been debated. Using a combination of serological and polymerase chain reaction assays, we investigated the association between HCV and HBV infections and primary liver cancer in 24 HBsAg-negative patients living in France. The presence of HCV RNA and HBV DNA sequences was tested for in serum and in tumorous and nontumorous liver samples. Twelve patients had anti-HCV, and 11 patients had anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc. HCV RNA sequences were found in the serum samples of all anti-HCV-positive patients and none of the patients who were negative. Patients with HCV viremia had HCV RNA genomic sequences and presumed replicative intermediates in both tumorous and nontumorous specimens. Sequence analysis of a hypervariable region in the E2/NS1 gene of HCV showed significant variations between the viral molecules isolated from the nontumorous, tumorous and serum samples. This eliminated the hypothesis of the contamination of the tumor by nontumorous cells and serum particles and assessed that liver tumor cells did contain HCV RNA genomes. Eleven of 22 patients tested had HBV DNA in the serum; 5 patients were anti-HBc positive and anti-HBs positive. Patients with HBV viremia had HBV DNA sequences in both tumorous and nontumorous liver specimens. Selective loss of part of the HBV genome in the tumorous tissue of two of these patients suggested HBV DNA persistence in clonally expanded malignant cells. Only 4 of the 22 patients were negative for both viruses. Our results show that HBsAg-negative hepatocellular cancer in France is associated with chronic HBV or HCV infection and, in some cases, both; these findings are consistent with an etiological role for HBV and HCV in HCC that develops in cirrhotic patients living in areas of low prevalence.
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Rosen M, Auborn K. Duplication of the upstream regulatory sequences increases the transformation potential of human papillomavirus type 11. Virology 1991; 185:484-7. [PMID: 1656601 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90804-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infections with certain types of papillomaviruses, e.g., human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16), often progress to cancer. Malignant lesions associated with the closely related HPV-11 are extremely rare. Additionally, HPV-11 DNA, unlike HPV-16, does not normally transform cells in vitro. We determined that HPV-11 DNA was able to transform baby rat kidney cells in a ras-dependent focus assay when the upstream regulatory region (URR) was present in two copies. Addition of a second HPV-11 URR or an HPV-16 URR was equally effective and was position and orientation independent. The transformation was enhanced by dexamethasone. On passage the HPV-11 genome was not retained at a detectable level. This analysis supports isolated observations in vivo that duplications of regulatory sequences in HPV-11 increase the transformation potential of this virus type.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11042
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Affiliation(s)
- D DiMaio
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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