1
|
Susanti L, Kang S, Kim S, Park S, Lee S, Kim SA, Seo K. Effect of mydriasis with topical rocuronium bromide on electroretinography in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1395-1400. [PMID: 34261835 PMCID: PMC8498831 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of mydriasis using topical rocuronium bromide on electroretinography (ERG) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). Scotopic mixed rod and cone, photopic cone, and photopic flicker ERG were performed on nine eyes of nine healthy adult pigeons under sedation. Each pigeon underwent two sets of ERG recordings. First, without the induction of mydriasis (control) and the second time with the induction of mydriasis using topical rocuronium bromide (treatment). The results were compared using either the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, where a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. No significant differences were observed in the a- and b-wave implicit times and amplitudes during scotopic ERG between the two groups. The a- and b-wave amplitudes in the photopic cone were significantly higher in the treatment group (63.83 ± 32.33 and 191.75 ± 94.46 µV) compared to the control group (46.15 ± 27.60 and 116.76 ± 70.65 µV; P=0.045 and P=0.032, respectively). The photopic flicker amplitude was also significantly higher in the treatment group (76.23 ± 48.56 µV) than in the control group (42.18 ± 31.18 µV; P=0.044). No statistically significant differences were observed in the photopic cone and flicker implicit times between both groups. In conclusions, mydriasis induced by rocuronium bromide in pigeon resulting in higher amplitudes during the photopic ERG but not scotopic ERG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Susanti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sunhyo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Songhui Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Su An Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheon EW, Saito T. Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the normal, developing and regenerating newt retinas. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 1999; 116:97-109. [PMID: 10446351 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(99)00080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was demonstrated in the adult newt retina using immunocytochemical and histochemical techniques. Within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), two ChAT-positive bands were detected at relative depths of 0-15% and 45-60% of the total thickness (100%) of the IPL. AChE-positive band occupied approximately 0-60% of the IPL width with an intensive AChE-positive band at a depth of 20-40% within the IPL. Localizations of maximum ChAT and AChE activity were not exactly the same in the IPL of the mature retina. To elucidate whether retinal regeneration follows the same sequence of cellular differentiation steps that occur in retinal development, we examined the time course of appearance of the cholinergic neurons and AChE activity in both developing and regenerating retinas. The ChAT-positive cells were first detected in the retina just before or at the beginning of the morphological development of the IPL in both developing and regenerating retinas. AChE activity first became detectable in somata located at the most proximal layer of the retina before the ChAT-positive cells could be detected and well before the IPL developed in both developing and regenerating retinas. During subsequent development and regeneration, the outer plexiform layer, the IPL, and somata close to either side of the IPL became AChE-positive. The fact that the time course of the appearance of ChAT and AChE molecules during regeneration was similar to that observed during development suggests that common mechanisms may control both the development and the regeneration of the newt retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E W Cheon
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
White LE, Ross CD, Godfrey DA. Distributions of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the retinal layers of the red-tailed hawk and road runner. J Comp Neurol 1991; 303:53-62. [PMID: 1706365 DOI: 10.1002/cne.903030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were assayed in submicrogram samples from layers of red-tailed hawk and road runner retina. Both enzyme activities were concentrated in and near the inner plexiform layer. Within the inner plexiform layers of both species, activities of each enzyme were concentrated in two bands, one in each half of this layer. Little choline acetyltransferase activity was found superficial to the middle third of the inner nuclear layer. The distributions of acetylcholinesterase activities corresponded well to those of choline acetyltransferase, except in the outer plexiform layer and the outer margin of the inner nuclear layer of the hawk. These distributions of enzyme activities indicate that populations of amacrine cells in the retinae of these species are cholinergic. In addition to these same cells and presumably cholinoceptive amacrine and ganglion cells, acetylcholinesterase activity in the hawk was associated with a population of horizontal cells that may be unrelated to synaptic cholinergic neurotransmission. Choline acetyltransferase activities associated with amacrine somata and processes were about four times greater in the hawk than in the road runner, suggesting important differences in the density and function of cholinergic elements between species. Possible synaptic relationships in the inner plexiform layer consistent with the interspecies differences in enzyme activities are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E White
- Department of Physiology, Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74171
| | | | | |
Collapse
|