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Feldman T, Yakovleva M, Viljanen M, Lindström M, Donner K, Ostrovsky M. Dark-adaptation in the eyes of a lake and a sea population of opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta): retinoid isomer dynamics, rhodopsin regeneration, and recovery of light sensitivity. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:871-889. [PMID: 32880702 PMCID: PMC7603447 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied dark-adaptation at three levels in the eyes of the crustacean Mysis relicta over 2-3 weeks after exposing initially dark-adapted animals to strong white light: regeneration of 11-cis retinal through the retinoid cycle (by HPLC), restoration of native rhodopsin in photoreceptor membranes (by MSP), and recovery of eye photosensitivity (by ERG). We compare two model populations ("Sea", Sp, and "Lake", Lp) inhabiting, respectively, a low light and an extremely dark environment. 11-cis retinal reached 60-70% of the pre-exposure levels after 2 weeks in darkness in both populations. The only significant Lp/Sp difference in the retinoid cycle was that Lp had much higher levels of retinol, both basal and light-released. In Sp, rhodopsin restoration and eye photoresponse recovery parallelled 11-cis retinal regeneration. In Lp, however, even after 3 weeks only ca. 25% of the rhabdoms studied had incorporated new rhodopsin, and eye photosensitivity showed only incipient recovery from severe depression. The absorbance spectra of the majority of the Lp rhabdoms stayed constant around 490-500 nm, consistent with metarhodopsin II dominance. We conclude that sensitivity recovery of Sp eyes was rate-limited by the regeneration of 11-cis retinal, whilst that of Lp eyes was limited by inertia in photoreceptor membrane turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Feldman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Marina Yakovleva
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Martta Viljanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnus Lindström
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Donner
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Ostrovsky
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, Moscow, Russia, 119334
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Donner K, Zak P, Viljanen M, Lindström M, Feldman T, Ostrovsky M. Eye spectral sensitivity in fresh- and brackish-water populations of three glacial-relict Mysis species (Crustacea): physiology and genetics of differential tuning. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2016; 202:297-312. [PMID: 26984686 PMCID: PMC4819508 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Absorbance spectra of single rhabdoms were studied by microspectrophotometry (MSP) and spectral sensitivities of whole eyes by electroretinography (ERG) in three glacial-relict species of opossum shrimps (Mysis). Among eight populations from Fennoscandian fresh-water lakes (L) and seven populations from the brackish-water Baltic Sea (S), L spectra were systematically red-shifted by 20-30 nm compared with S spectra, save for one L and one S population. The difference holds across species and bears no consistent adaptive relation to the current light environments. In the most extensively studied L-S pair, two populations of M. relicta (L(p) and S(p)) separated for less than 10,000 years, no differences translating into amino acid substitutions have been found in the opsin genes, and the chromophore of the visual pigments as analyzed by HPLC is pure A1. However, MSP experiments with spectrally selective bleaching show the presence of two rhodopsins (λ(max) ≈ 525-530 nm, MWS, and 565-570 nm, LWS) expressed in different proportions. ERG recordings of responses to "red" and "blue" light linearly polarized at orthogonal angles indicate segregation of the pigments into different cells differing in polarization sensitivity. We propose that the pattern of development of LWS and MWS photoreceptors is governed by an ontogenetic switch responsive to some environmental signal(s) other than light that generally differ(s) between lakes and sea, and that this reaction norm is conserved from a common ancestor of all three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Donner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pavel Zak
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martta Viljanen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnus Lindström
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Tatiana Feldman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Zak PP, Lindström M, Demchuk JV, Donner K, Ostrovsky MA. The eye of the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta (Crustacea, Mysidae) contains two visual pigments located in different photoreceptor cells. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2013; 449:68-72. [PMID: 23652429 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P P Zak
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Koskelainen A, Donner K, Lerber T, Hemilä S. pH regulation in frog cones studied by mass receptor photoresponses from the isolated retina. Vision Res 1993; 33:2181-8. [PMID: 8273285 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(93)90098-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass cone photoresponses were recorded across the aspartate-treated frog retina under treatments chosen to affect putative pH-regulating mechanisms. The saturated response amplitude (Umax) was found to be a monotonically increasing function of perfusion pH in the range 7-8, and thus presumably of intracellular pH (pHi). Accepting that Umax can be used as an index of pHi changes, two results indicate the importance of bicarbonate transport for preventing intracellular acidification: (1) bicarbonate-buffered (6 mM HCO3- + 6 mM HEPES) perfusate increased Umax compared with nominally bicarbonate-free perfusate (12 mM HEPES); (2) the anion transport blocker DIDS (0.1 mM) caused a strong decrease in the amplitude of photoresponses. Substitution of 95 mM chloride by gluconate in the perfusing fluid boosted photoresponses indicating that at least part of the bicarbonate transport involves HCO3-/Cl- exchange. Amiloride (2 mM) also caused a decrease of photoresponse amplitude, which suggests that Na+/H+ exchange contributes to pHi regulation. In all these respects, cones behaved similarly to rods. Cones differed from rods (in the intact retina) in that addition of 0.5 mM of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide reduced (never augmented) photoresponses. The difference is considered in relation to the presence of carbonic anhydrase in cone, as opposed to rod, outer segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koskelainen
- Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
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