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Ouyang Y, O'Hagan MP, Willner B, Willner I. Aptamer-Modified Homogeneous Catalysts, Heterogenous Nanoparticle Catalysts, and Photocatalysts: Functional "Nucleoapzymes", "Aptananozymes", and "Photoaptazymes". ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2210885. [PMID: 37083210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of aptamers to homogeneous catalysts ("nucleoapzymes"), heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts ("aptananozymes"), and photocatalysts ("photoaptazymes") yields superior catalytic/photocatalytic hybrid nanostructures emulating functions of native enzymes and photosystems. The concentration of the substrate in proximity to the catalytic sites ("molarity effect") or spatial concentration of electron-acceptor units in spatial proximity to the photosensitizers, by aptamer-ligand complexes, leads to enhanced catalytic/photocatalytic efficacies of the hybrid nanostructures. This is exemplified by sets of "nucleoapzymes" composed of aptamers conjugated to the hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes or metal-ligand complexes as catalysts, catalyzing the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome, oxygen-insertion into the Ar─H moiety of tyrosinamide and the subsequent oxidation of the catechol product into aminochrome, or the hydrolysis of esters or ATP. Also, aptananozymes consisting of aptamers conjugated to Cu2+ - or Ce4+ -ion-modified C-dots or polyadenine-stabilized Au nanoparticles acting as catalysts oxidizing dopamine or operating bioreactor biocatalytic cascades, are demonstrated. In addition, aptamers conjugated to the Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine photosensitizer or the Zn(II) protoporphyrin IX photosensitizer provide supramolecular photoaptazyme assemblies emulating native photosynthetic reaction centers. Effective photoinduced electron transfer followed by the catalyzed synthesis of NADPH or the evolution of H2 is demonstrated by the photosystems. Structure-function relationships dictate the catalytic and photocatalytic efficacies of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ouyang
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Michael P O'Hagan
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Bilha Willner
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Joseph V, Levine M. Ronald C.D. Breslow (1931-2017): A career in review. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:104868. [PMID: 34523507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reviewed herein are key research accomplishments of Professor Ronald Charles D. Breslow (1931-2017) throughout his more than 60 year research career. These accomplishments span a wide range of topics, most notably physical organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and bioorganic chemistry. These topics are reviewed, as are topics of molecular electronics and origin of chirality, which combine to make up the bulk of this review. Also reviewed briefly are Breslow's contributions to the broader chemistry profession, including his work for the American Chemical Society and his work promoting gender equity. Throughout the article, efforts are made to put Breslow's accomplishments in the context of other work being done at the time, as well as to include subsequent iterations and elaborations of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Joseph
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Israel.
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Abstract
The directed assembly of molecular building blocks into discrete supermolecules or extended supramolecular networks through noncovalent intermolecular interactions is an ongoing challenge in chemistry. This challenge may be overcome by establishing a hierarchy of intermolecular interactions that, in turn, may facilitate the edification of supramolecular assemblies. As noncovalent interactions can be used to accelerate the reaction rates and/or to increase their selectivity, the development of efficient and practical catalytic systems, using supramolecular chemistry, has been achieved during the last few decades. However, between discrete and extended supramolecular assemblies, the newly developed “colloidal tectonics” concept allows us to link the molecular and macroscopic scales through the structured engineering of colloidal structures that can be applied to the design of predictable, versatile, and switchable catalytic systems. The main cutting-edge strategies involving supramolecular chemistry and self-organization in catalysis will be discussed and compared in this review.
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Kellett K, Duggan BM, Gilson MK. Facile synthesis of a diverse library of mono-3-substituted β-cyclodextrin analogues. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1562191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kellett
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - B. M. Duggan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M. K. Gilson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Wu Z, Jiang D, Wang J. Carbene-catalyzed oxidative acylation promoted by an unprecedented oxidant CCl 3CN. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented example of a NHC-catalyzed acylation reaction is promoted by CCl3CN as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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Li S, Yin H, Wyman IW, Zhang Q, Macartney DH, Wang R. Encapsulation of Vitamin B1 and Its Phosphate Derivatives by Cucurbit[7]uril: Tunability of the Binding Site and Affinity by the Presence of Phosphate Groups. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1300-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hang Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ian W. Wyman
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Donal H. Macartney
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of aryl alkyl alcohols to carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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De Sarkar S, Biswas A, Samanta RC, Studer A. Catalysis with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes under Oxidative Conditions. Chemistry 2013; 19:4664-78. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Delany EG, Fagan CL, Gundala S, Mari A, Broja T, Zeitler K, Connon SJ. NHC-catalysed aerobic aldehyde-esterifications with alcohols: no additives or cocatalysts required. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6510-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ballester P, Vidal-Ferran A, van Leeuwen PW. Modern Strategies in Supramolecular Catalysis. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387772-7.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Zhao H, Breslow R. A mimic of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5973-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yoshida M, Katagiri Y, Zhu WB, Shishido K. Oxidative carboxylation of arylaldehydes with water by a sulfoxylalkyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4062-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b910187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhao H, Foss FW, Breslow R. Artificial enzymes with thiazolium and imidazolium coenzyme mimics. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:12590-1. [PMID: 18763766 DOI: 10.1021/ja804577q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic thiazolium and imidazolium coenzyme mimics in the presence of modified-polyethylenimine enzyme mimics catalyze the benzoin condensation 2300-3300 times faster than the coenzyme mimics alone. Polycationic enzyme mimics provide not only a hydrophobic binding domain for coenzyme and substrate, but also electrostatic stabilization of anionic species that arise along the reaction pathway of the benzoin condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Ferreira LM, Marques MMB, Glória PM, Chaves HT, Franco JPP, Mourato I, Antunes JRT, Rzepa HS, Lobo AM, Prabhakar S. Reaction of aromatic nitroso compounds with chemical models of ‘thiamine active aldehyde’. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Noonan C, Baragwanath L, Connon SJ. Nucleophilic carbene-catalysed oxidative esterification reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Breslow R. Artificial enzymes and enzyme models. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 58:1-60. [PMID: 3521215 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123041.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kageyama Y, Murata S. Oxidative formation of thiolesters in a model system of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Org Chem 2005; 70:3140-7. [PMID: 15822976 DOI: 10.1021/jo047737h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of 3-butyl-4-methylthiazolium bromide, the reaction of benzaldehydes with azobenzene in dichloromethane containing octanethiol and Et(3)N gave the corresponding S-octyl thiobenzoates in good yields. The thiolesters were produced by trapping of the 2-benzoylthiazolium salts with the thiol, which were generated through the azobenzene oxidation of the active aldehydes. This is the first example for the thiolester formation mimicking the function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An electron-withdrawing substituent at the 4-position of benzaldehyde enhanced the reaction rate. The effect of benzaldehyde substituents on the reaction rate was examined quantitatively on the basis of kinetic measurements, leading to a nonlinear correlation of log(k(obs)) with Hammett's substituent constants (sigma). The origin of the nonlinear Hammett plot was interpreted in terms of a shift in the rate-determining step of the multistep reaction with change of the electronic nature of substituent. Further support for this assumption was given by the observation that the reaction constant (rho) of the Hammett plot for the azobenzene substituent effect on the oxidation rate of 4-bromobenzaldehyde was much smaller than that of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kageyama
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Chow KYK, Bode JW. Catalytic Generation of Activated Carboxylates: Direct, Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxyesters from Epoxyaldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:8126-7. [PMID: 15225048 DOI: 10.1021/ja047407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic generation of activated carboxylates from epoxyaldehydes enables the direct, stereoselective synthesis of beta-hydroxyesters under mild, convenient reaction conditions. In addition to providing a new method for the synthesis of anti-aldol adducts, this chemistry unveils a mechanistically viable solution to the catalytic, waste-free synthesis of esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yu-Kin Chow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9510, USA
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21
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White MJ, Leeper FJ. Kinetics of the thiazolium ion-catalyzed benzoin condensation. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5124-31. [PMID: 11463265 DOI: 10.1021/jo010244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of benzoin (Ph-CHOH-CO-Ph) from two molecules of benzaldehyde, catalyzed by 3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium bromide in methanol buffered with Et(3)N/Et(3)NH(+)Cl(-) has been studied. Initial-rate studies at various concentrations of PhCHO (0.1-1.7 M) showed that the reaction is close to being first order in PhCHO. Following the reaction in deuteriomethanol, (1)H NMR spectroscopy allowed rate constants for all three kinetically significant steps to be determined. These show that all three steps are partially rate-determining. A normal deuterium kinetic isotope effect for the overall reaction (k(H)/k(D) approximately 3.4) is observed using PhCDO, and a large inverse solvent isotope effect (k(D)/k(H) approximately 5.9) is observed using deuteriomethanol, consistent with the kinetic scheme presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J White
- University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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22
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Liu L, Li XS, Song KS, Guo QX. PM3 studies on the complexation of α-cyclodextrin with benzaldehyde and acetophenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Design and Construction of Novel Peptides and Proteins by Tailored Incorporation of Coenzyme Functionality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-48990-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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24
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Breslow R, Dong SD. Biomimetic Reactions Catalyzed by Cyclodextrins and Their Derivatives. Chem Rev 1998; 98:1997-2012. [PMID: 11848956 DOI: 10.1021/cr970011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1005] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Breslow
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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Nakanishi I, Itoh S, Suenobu T, Fukuzumi S. Direkte Beobachtung radikalischer Zwischenstufen bei Untersuchungen zum Redoxverhalten von Modellen des Coenzyms Thiamin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980403)110:7<1040::aid-ange1040>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Abstract
There are two approaches to the discovery of enzyme mimics, that is identifying molecules that are able to bind substrate(s) and then catalyse reactions. The first approach, often inspired by enzymes themselves, utilises chemical knowledge and experience to design the catalyst. The other approach is to create a library and select the best host of a transition state analogue of the required reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rowan
- Cambridge Centre for Molecular Recognition, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Mattei P, Diederich F. Catalytic Cyclophanes. Part XI. A flavo-thiazolio-cyclophane as a biomimetic catalyst for the preparative-scale electro-oxidation of aromatic aldehydes to methyl esters. Helv Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Nakanishi I, Itoh S, Suenobu T, Inoue H, Fukuzumi S. Redox Behavior of Active Aldehydes Derived from Thiamin Coenzyme Analogs. CHEM LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1997.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Takaki A, Utsumi K, Kajiki T, Kuroi T, Nabeshima T, Yano Y. Bifunctional Receptors. Rate Accelerations of Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate by Thymine-Thiazolium in the Presence of a Melamine Derivative Bearing a Guanidinium Ion. CHEM LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1997.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mattei P, Diederich F. Ein Flavo-Thiazolio-Cyclophan als funktionsfähiges Modell für die Pyruvat-Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukito Murakami
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University and Institute for Fundamental Research in Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-81, Japan
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Breslow R, Kim R. The thiazolium catalyzed benzoin condensation with mild base does not involve a “dimer” intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)75794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Tam-Chang SW, Jimenez L, Diederich F. Catalytic Cyclophanes. Part IX. A Thiazolio-cyclophane as Model for Pyruvate Oxidase and One-Pot Synthesis of Aromatic Esters by Electrochemical Oxidation of Aldehydes Mediated by Bis(coenzyme) Catalysis. Helv Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Chikashita H, Ishihara M, Takigawa K, Itoh K. Synthetic Application of Benzothiazole Ring System as an On-Off Type of Leaving Group. Synthesis of Ketones and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives from 2-(1-Substituted 1-Hydroxyalkyl)- and 2-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)benzothiazoles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1991. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.64.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schurig V, Nowotny HP. Gaschromatographische Enantiomerentrennung an Cyclodextrinderivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19901020904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rao KR, Srinivasan TN, Bhanumathi N, Sattur PB. Artificial enzymes: synthesis of imidazole substituted at C(2) of β-cyclodextrin as an efficient enzyme model of chymotrypsin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1039/c39900000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tran JM, Henry HL. Characterization of 19-nor-10-oxo-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 production by solubilized chick kidney mitochondria and bovine serum albumin. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 33:395-403. [PMID: 2779231 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D3 metabolite obtained from the incubation of 3-[(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPSO)-solubilized chick kidney mitochondria with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) was identified to be 5(E)-19-nor-10-oxo-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5(E)-19-nor). The production of 19-nor was dependent on time and on protein concentration, but was not dependent on the pH of the incubation. 19-Nor was not formed in the absence of protein or when protein had been heat-treated following detergent solubilization. 19-Nor was not further metabolized to any other product upon incubation with the CHAPSO-solubilized proteins. No 19-nor-10-oxo derivative of 1,25(OH)2D3 was formed when 1,25(OH)2D3 was used as substrate in the incubation. Kinetic analysis showed a substrate saturation with an apparent Vmax of about 4.1 pmol/min.mg and S0.5 of approximately 1.3 x 10(-6) M. The production of 19-nor was not restricted to the CHAPSO-soluble protein fraction of kidney mitochondria but was also found in both the CHAPSO-soluble and -insoluble fractions of chick liver mitochondria and CHAPSO-treated bovine serum albumin (BSA). 19-Nor production by detergent-treated BSA also showed saturation kinetics with a similar S0.5 and an apparent Vmax which was about 5-fold higher than that obtained with CHAPSO-solubilized mitochondria. The evidence suggests that the formation of 19-nor is not mediated by a traditional enzyme, but does require protein. A mechanism for the conversion of 25-OH-E3 to 19-nor is proposed, in which the naturally-occurring 5(Z)-25-OH-D3 substrate binds to protein, isomerizes to 5(E)-25-OH-D3 and is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to 5(E)-19-nor via a dioxetane intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521
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Jimenez L, Diederich F. Catalytic cyclophanes: A highly efficient model for pyruvate oxidase. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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44
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45
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46
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Breslow R, Kool E. A γ-cyclodextrin thiazolium salt holoenzyme mimic for the benzoin condensation. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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