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Šponer JE, Coulon R, Otyepka M, Šponer J, Siegle AF, Trapp O, Ślepokura K, Zdráhal Z, Šedo O. Phosphoric acid salts of amino acids as a source of oligopeptides on the early Earth. Commun Chem 2024; 7:185. [PMID: 39174757 PMCID: PMC11341901 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their unique proton-conductivity, chains of phosphoric acid molecules are excellent proton-transfer catalysts. Here we demonstrate that this property could have been exploited for the prebiotic synthesis of the first oligopeptide sequences on our planet. Our results suggest that drying highly diluted solutions containing amino acids (like glycine, histidine and arginine) and phosphates in comparable concentrations at elevated temperatures (ca. 80 °C) in an acidic environment could lead to the accumulation of amino acid:phosphoric acid crystalline salts. Subsequent heating of these materials at 100 °C for 1-3 days results in the formation of oligoglycines consisting of up to 24 monomeric units, while arginine and histidine form shorter oligomers (up to trimers) only. Overall, our results suggest that combining the catalytic effect of phosphate chains with the crystalline order present in amino acid:phosphoric acid salts represents a viable solution that could be utilized to generate the first oligopeptide sequences in a mild acidic hydrothermal field scenario. Further, we propose that crystallization could help overcoming cyclic oligomer formation that is a generally known bottleneck of prebiotic polymerization processes preventing further chain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit E Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno, Czech Republic.
- CATRIN-Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Rémi Coulon
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno, Czech Republic
- CATRIN-Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- CATRIN-Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, Brno, Czech Republic
- CATRIN-Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander F Siegle
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, München, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, München, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Ślepokura
- University of Wrocław, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Šedo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Campus Bohunice, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Nuijens T, Piva E, Kruijtzer JAW, Rijkers DTS, Liskamp RMJ, Quaedflieg PJLM. Fully Enzymatic N→C-Directed Peptide Synthesis Using C-Terminal Peptide α-Carboxamide to Ester Interconversion. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bayryamov S, Danalev D, Vassilev N. Ribozymomimetic Chemical Synthesis of Peptide Bond Using Phosphorous Acid/Oxirane Mediators. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2010.501319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bayryamov
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D. Danalev
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N. Vassilev
- a Institute of Organic Chemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia, Bulgaria
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Guo J, Ma L, Liu P. Synthesis and Characterization of N-(O,O-Dialkyl Phosphoryl)-D-glucosamine. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426501003645852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Pu Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
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Zhao YF, Han B, Chen J, Jiang Y. Penta-Coordinate Phosphorus Compounds and Biochemistry. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500212228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Zhao
- a Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- a Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- a Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- a Key Laboratory for Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing , P. R. China
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Dong SZ, Fu H, Zhao YF. SYNTHESIS OF N-PHOSPHOPEPTIDES COUPLED BY DICHLOROTRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhi Dong
- a State Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry , School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Hua Fu
- a State Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry , School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- b State Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry , School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , P.R. China
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Xi SK, Zhao YF. Synthesis of the Bidentate Organophosphorus Compounds with an Urea Substituents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919008051562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yin YW, Zhang BZ, Xue CB, Chen Y, Zhao YF. N-PHOSPHORYL AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES: PART IV:N-ALKYL SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS ON THE31P-Nmr SPECTRA OF PHOSPHORAMIDATES. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509108038825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ma XB, Zhao YF. PHOSPHORYL GROUP PARTICIPATION IN THE REACTIONS OFN-PHOSPHORYLDIPEPTIDE ACIDS. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509208038338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Ma
- a Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Beijing , 100080 , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- b Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , P.R. China
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Li YM, Ziiao YF. THE BIOORGANIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF N-PHOSPHOAMINO ACIDS WITHOUT SIDE CHAIN FUNCTIONAL GROUP PARTICIPATED BY PHOSPHORYL GROUP. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509308032418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fen Ziiao
- a Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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Hulst R, de Vries NK, Feringa BL. Die31P-NMR-spektroskopische Bestimmung des Enantiomerenüberschusses ungeschützter Aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19921040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xiao-Lan C, Ling-Bo Q, Lei G, Jian-Sha L, Yan L, Jian-Li W, Yu-Fen Z. Study on the Reaction of Salicylic Acid with Dialkyl Phosphite by NMR and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200590733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Fu H, LI XH, Li ZL, Wang JZ, Zhao YF. Studies on the Mechanism of Some Bioorganic Reactions for N-Phosphoamino Acids. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509808545461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fu
- a Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- b Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- c Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- d Beijing Institute of Microchemistry , Beijing 100091, P. R. China
- e Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hong LI
- a Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- b Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- c Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- d Beijing Institute of Microchemistry , Beijing 100091, P. R. China
- e Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Long Li
- a Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- b Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- c Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- d Beijing Institute of Microchemistry , Beijing 100091, P. R. China
- e Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Zun Wang
- a Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- b Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- c Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- d Beijing Institute of Microchemistry , Beijing 100091, P. R. China
- e Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- a Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- b Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- c Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- d Beijing Institute of Microchemistry , Beijing 100091, P. R. China
- e Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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14
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Ab initio studies on structures of the hexa-coordinate phosphorus intermediate for the phosphoryl ester exchange and N → O migration reactions of dimethyloxyphosphoryl-threonine. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(95)01254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Zhao Y, Ju Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Yin Y, Tan B. Self-activation of N-phosphoamino acids and N-phosphodipeptides in oligopeptide formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1995; 45:514-8. [PMID: 7558581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
N-Phosphorylamino acids and N-phosphoryldipeptides can self-activate to give the oligopeptide. An intramolecular mixed anhydride intermediate might exist during the self-activating process. A peptide bond was formed from the N-terminus to the C-terminus by the '1 + n' mechanism, which was similar to the rRNA-peptide biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
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16
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Li YM, Jin Y, Li YC, Zhao YF. PHOSPHORYLATION OF TYROSINE AND THE REACTIVITY OF DIALKYL PHOSPHITES WITH TYROSINE. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509508042510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Poster. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509308045639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Li YM, Yin YW, Li YC, Tan B, Chen Y, Zhao YF. Phosphoryl Group Participation Reaction is the Key to the Life Chemistry. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509308032369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Yin YW, Chen Y, Zhao YF, Li LP. N-SELECTIVE PHOSPHORYLATION WITH CHLOROPHOSPHORYL DIALKYLESTERS PREPARED FROM DIALKYLPHOSPHITE/CCl4/NEt3. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509308047409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Hulst R, Feringa BL, de Vries NK. The31P-NMR Spectroscopic Determination of the Enantiomeric Excess of Unprotected Amino Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.199210921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Li YM, Yin YW, Zhao YF. Phosphoryl group participation leads to peptide formation from N-phosphorylamino acids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1992; 39:375-81. [PMID: 1428527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-phosphorylated amino acids without a side chain functional group can transfer themselves into peptides after prolonged standing in solvents at warm temperatures. Seven N-phosphorylpeptides and free peptides were isolated and their structures determined. The phosphoryl group participation is the key to the peptide formation. An intramolecular mixed carboxylic-phosphoric anhydride intermediate was proposed for this type of reaction which might provide a clue to the function of the phosphoryl group in the phosphorylated enzymes and in the prebiotic synthesis of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
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23
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Chen Y, Zhao YF, Yin YW, Yang XQ. N-PHOSPHORYL AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES: PART V: O-ALKYL SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS ON THE31P-NMR SPECTRA OF PHOSPHORAMIDATES. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509108027334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Ma XB, Zhao YF. SYNTHESIS OF N-PHOSPHORYL DI(OR TRI)-PEPTIDES THROUGH THE ACTIVE ESTER METHOD. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509108027331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Li YC, Zhao YF. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF N-(DIISOPROPYLOXYPHOSPHORYL)- CYSTEINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509108036786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Zhao YF, Zhang DQ, Xue CB, Zeng JN, Ji GJ. Novel fragmentation ofN-diisopropyloxyphosphoryl dipeptides and tripeptides by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210260526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhao YF, Zhang DQ, Xue CB. A novel reagent, dialkylphosphite, for peptide synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1991; 37:457-61. [PMID: 1917301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1991.tb00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The same dialkylphosphite reagent can be used for both N protection and C activation of amino acids. Two N-diisopropyloxyphosphinyl (Dipp) tripeptide esters were prepared, and nine N-Dipp-dipeptide acids were synthesized through the activated amide intermediate. The positive ion FAB-MS of N-Dipp-tripeptide showed novel cleavage patterns in that only the N-phosphoryl fragment ions gave intense peaks while the C-terminal series ions did not appear. This novel character might be useful for peptide sequence analysis. In addition, dialkyloxyphosphinyl group can be examined by 31P-NMR for peptide conformational analysis and inspection for the degree of racemization during the coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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