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Liang Y, Wang P, Liu D, Zhan J, Luo M, Han J, Jing X, Yao G, Zhou Z. The enantioselective metabolic mechanism of quizalofop-ethyl and quizalofop-acid enantiomers in animal: protein binding, intestinal absorption, and in vitro metabolism in plasma and the microsome. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of protein binding (pepsin, trypsin and serum albumin), intestinal absorption (everted gut sac), and degradation (plasma, liver microsome and cytosol) on the enantioselectivity of quizalofop-ethyl in animals were studiedin vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Mai Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Jiajun Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Xu Jing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Guojun Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Beijing 100193
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Hussain I, ALOthman ZA, Alwarthan AA, Sanagi MM, Ali I. Chiral xenobiotics bioaccumulations and environmental health prospectives. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:490. [PMID: 26148690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chiral xenobiotics are very dangerous for all of us due to the different enantioselective toxicities of the enantiomers. Besides, these have different enantioselective bioaccumulations and behaviors in our body and other organisms. It is of urgent need to understand the enantioselective bioaccumulations, toxicities, and the health hazards of the chiral xenobiotics. The present article describes the classification, sources of contamination, distribution, enantioselective bioaccumulation, and the toxicities of the chiral xenobiotics. Besides, the efforts are also made to discuss the prevention and remedial measures of the havoc of the chiral xenobiotics. The challenges of the chiral xenobiotics have also been highlighted. Finally, future prospectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City, 31961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY, Sanagi MM, Ibrahim WAW. Chirality and Its Role in Environmental Toxicology. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM 2012; 101:413-36. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lu Z, Xue M, Shen G, Li K, Li X, Wang X, Tao S. Accumulation dynamics of chlordanes and their enantiomers in cockerels (Gallus gallus) after oral exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:7928-7935. [PMID: 21823571 DOI: 10.1021/es201629p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
After a single oral exposure of technical chlordane, levels of cis-chlordane (CC), trans-chlordane (TC), heptachlor (HEP), heptachlorepoxide (HEPX), and oxychlordane (OXY) were determined in gastrointestinal residues, droppings, and various tissues of cockerels at times of 60, 120, 160, 200, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 min. Over 98% of CC and TC were found to be bioaccessible; only 1.1% of CC and TC were directly excreted through droppings without further biotransformation. According to the single-compartment toxicokinetic modeling, CC and TC shared similar absorption rates in the whole body while TC showed a slightly more rapid elimination rate, with a half-life of 13.4 h for CC and 12.5 h for TC. The metabolites HEPX and OXY appeared quickly in tissues 60 min after exposure and were mainly accumulated in fat and liver tissues. Concentrations of CC, TC, and HEP in cockerel tissues roughly followed the order as fat > intestine > skin > liver> brain > muscle > blood. Levels of CC, TC, and HEP in various tissues showed significant correlation with the lipid contents of the tissues (p < 0.05) for samples beginning 500 min after exposure. A multicompartment toxicokinetic model was developed to characterize the accumulation dynamics of CC and TC in the various tissues. All tissues of cockerels enantioselectively accumulated (-)-CC and (+)-TC, and fat, skin, and liver tissues showed a relatively stronger capacity of enantioenrichment. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) of droppings remained nearly racemic at first but gradually decreased to less than 0.5 for CC and increased to more than 0.5 for TC, which could rule out enantioselective absorption and excretion of CC and TC in cockerels. The one-compartment toxicokinetic model was applied to the individual enantiomers of CC and TC. Different elimination rates but similar absorption rates were observed between the enantiomers for both CC and TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Lu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Hühnerfuss H, Shah MR. Enantioselective chromatography—A powerful tool for the discrimination of biotic and abiotic transformation processes of chiral environmental pollutants. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:481-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related heptachlor as an undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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8
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Covaci A, Gheorghe A, Schepens P. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and alpha-HCH enantiomers in pork tissues. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 56:757-766. [PMID: 15251290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of HCH isomers, DDT analogues and selected PCB congeners in pork organs collected from the same individuals raised in Romanian farms was investigated. Organochlorine pesticides (HCHs and DDTs) were the principal contaminants in all samples, while PCB concentrations were low, in accordance with previously reported concentrations from Romanian animal farms. The most part of the pollutant load in the body is retained in the adipose tissue, with HCHs ranging between 16 and 27.7 ng/g lipid and with higher concentrations of DDTs ranging between 65.9 and 334.5 ng/g lipid. The highest PCB levels (up to 32 ng/g lipid) were measured in lung and liver. The lipid-normalized concentrations in the brain were lower than in all other tissues due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier or due to a lower proportion of the neutral lipids such as triglycerides. The highest concentrations of DDTs were measured in muscle and fat, with p,p'-DDE being the principal contributor and with a variable contribution of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT. In liver, p,p'-DDD has a higher contribution to the sum DDTs, while in all analyzed livers, the concentration of p,p'-DDT was very low. beta-HCH was the most persistent HCH isomer in all tissues, accounting for 40-97% of sum HCHs. For all animals, the highest concentrations of beta-HCH and HCHs were found in liver, while the lowest HCH concentrations were measured in brain and spinal marrow. Additionally, the distribution of alpha-HCH enantiomers in the tissues was discussed. In all samples (except 2 brain samples), (+) alpha-HCH was depleted and (-) alpha-HCH was enantioenriched. Enantiomeric ratios in brain were the highest measured values between all organs. For all studied animals, ERs increased in the order fat < muscle < liver < brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium.
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Vetter W. ENANTIOSELECTIVE FATE OF CHIRAL CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR METABOLITES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-100000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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De Geus HJ, Wester PG, de Boer J, Brinkman UA. Enantiomer fractions instead of enantiomer ratios. CHEMOSPHERE 2000; 41:725-727. [PMID: 10834374 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of enantiomer ratios (ERs) to indicate the relative amounts of a pair of enantiomers in a sample has some disadvantages. Enantiomer fractions (EFs) are proposed as an alternative expression to eliminate the difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J De Geus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Free University, Anmsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Vetter W, Luckas B. Enantioselective determination of persistent and partly degradable toxaphene congeners in high trophic level biota. CHEMOSPHERE 2000; 41:499-506. [PMID: 10819220 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomer separation of chiral toxaphene components in biological samples was studied by application of different chiral stationary phases based on modified cyclodextrins. Several pairs of enantiomers were resolved on permethylated beta-cyclodextrin (beta-PMCD), among them 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412), which was not enantiomerically resolved on tert-butyldimethylsilylated beta-cyclodextrin (beta-BSCD). The latter column was applied to determine the enantiomer ratios (ERs) of 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,10,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1413 or P-26) in brain tissue of three seal species. The ER of B8-1413 (P-26) in brain was virtually racemic as well as those of the two persistent and chiral components of technical chlordane, 1-exo,2,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-metha noindane (trans-nonachlor III or MC 6) and 1-exo,2-endo,3-exo,4,5,6,8,8-octachloro-3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7- methanoindane (U82). In contrast, B8-1412 and 2-exo,5,5,8,9,9,10,10-octachlorobornane (B8-2229 or P-44) were significantly enantiomerically enriched in several samples of high trophic level biota. 2,2,5,5,8,9,9,10,10-Nonachlorobornane (B9-1025 or P-62), a chlorobornane metabolisable by seals and the presumable precursor of B8-2229 (P-44), was also enantiomerically enriched in seal blubber. These results confirm the assumption that some less persistent toxaphene components may be significantly degraded in biological samples. Enantioselective gas chromatography provides the information that such a degradation is happening by the characteristic change of the ratio of the two enantiomers in the respective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vetter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Department of Food Chemistry, Germany.
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Hühnerfuss H. Chromatographic enantiomer separation of chiral xenobiotics and their metabolites--a versatile tool for process studies in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2000; 40:913-919. [PMID: 10739026 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A review discussing methodical aspects of enantioselective chromatographic separation of chiral environmental xenobiotics as well as examples for process studies reported in literature. The process studies include microbial transformation of chiral pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, their enzymatic transformation in biota, their photochemical degradation, air/sea exchange processes and atmospheric long range transport, and enantioselective toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hühnerfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany.
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Franke S, Meyer C, Heinzel N, Gatermann R, Huhnerfuss H, Rimkus G, Konig WA, Francke W. Enantiomeric composition of the polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN in different aquatic species. Chirality 1999; 11:795-801. [PMID: 10561711 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(1999)11:10<795::aid-chir10>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polycyclic musk fragrances are mainly represented by the compounds HHCB (Galaxolide(TM)) and AHTN (Tonalide(TM)). Because of their volume of use and their bioaccumulation potential, there is concern with respect to their environmental safety. HHCB and AHTN are chiral compounds, and gas chromatography using modified cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry enabled enantioselective analysis even under unfavorable matrix conditions. The gas chromatographic elution order of (4S,7RS)- and (4R,7RS)-HHCB was assigned using synthetic (4S, 7RS)-HHCB. Fish and mussels reared in a pond associated with a municipal waste water treatment plant and semipermeable membrane devices exposed in the pond were analyzed for HHCB and AHTN. The highest lipid concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were observed in mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), tench (Tinca tinca), and crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Pronounced deviations in enantiomeric composition from racemic HHCB were observed in crucian carp and from racemic AHTN in tench. Correlations between lipid levels, enrichment, and enantioselective biotransformation of HHCB or AHTN were not seen. Selective biotransformation depended on both the compound and the species involved. The present study gives the first account of the enantiomeric composition of HHCB and AHTN in aquatic species. The lactone, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8, 8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran-1-one, an oxidation product of HHCB, has been identified for the first time in environmental samples. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franke
- Institut fur Organische Chemie, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Bicchi C, Cravotto G, D'amato A, Rubiolo P, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in gas chromatographic separation of racemates with different volatility. Part XV: 6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl- versus 6-O-t-hexyldimethylsilyl-? and -? derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1999)11:7<487::aid-mcs1>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Franke S, Meyer C, Specht M, König WA, Francke W. Chloro-bis-propyl Ethers in the Elbe River - Isomeric Distribution and Enantioselective Degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19980201)21:2<113::aid-jhrc113>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vetter W, Schurig V. Enantioselective determination of chiral organochlorine compounds in biota by gas chromatography on modified cyclodextrins. J Chromatogr A 1997; 774:143-75. [PMID: 9253189 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to the gas chromatographic enantiomer separation of chiral organchlorines (alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, cis- and trans-chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, oxychlordane, o,p'-DDT, compounds of technical toxaphene and stable atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls) are reviewed. Chiral stationary phases based on cyclodextrin derivatives and used for the gas chromatographic enantiomer separation of the chiral organochlorines are described. Enantiomeric ratios of chiral organochlorines in technical mixtures and biological samples are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vetter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Ernährung und Umwelt, Germany
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Vetter W, Klobes U, Hummert K, Luckas B. Gas chromatographic separation of chiral organochlorines on modified cyclodextrin phases and results of marine biota samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jantunen LM, Bidleman T. Air-water gas exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and the enantiomers of α-HCH in Arctic regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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