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Chen Y, Khanna A, Chen JQ, Zhang HZ, Caraway NP, Katz RL. Cytologic features, immunocytochemical findings, and DNA ploidy in four rare cases of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma involving effusions. Cytojournal 2018; 15:13. [PMID: 29937917 PMCID: PMC5994842 DOI: 10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_46_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) involving serous effusion is extremely rare, and the diagnosis can be challenging. DNA ploidy quantitation of EHE in effusion fluids has not been previously described in the English-language literature. METHODS Specimens of cytological diagnosed with EHE in effusion fluids between 2002 and 2009 were retrieved from the pathology files at MD Anderson Cancer Center. A total of four cases of EHE involving or arising from effusion fluids were found, and we reviewed cytospin, smears, cell block sections, and immunostained slides. DNA image analysis for ploidy and proliferation evaluation was performed on a destained, papanicolaou-stained slide from each case. RESULTS The tumor cells were epithelioid with prominent cytoplasmic vacuolization and intracytoplasmic inclusions, which could resemble reactive mesothelial cells, mesothelioma, or adenocarcinoma. The tumor cells were positive for endothelial markers. DNA image analysis in three of the four cases revealed predominantly diploid and tetraploid subpopulations, with few aneuploid cells and fairly low proliferation indices, and these patients had fairly prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS DNA image analysis is useful for differentiating EHE from reactive mesothelial cells and high-grade carcinoma. For accurate diagnosis of EHE in effusion fluids, cytologic features should be considered together with clinical history and ancillary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Address: Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abha Khanna
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Qing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy P. Caraway
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruth L. Katz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Bogen KT. Efficient tumorigenesis by mutation-induced failure to terminate microRNA-mediated adaptive hyperplasia. Med Hypotheses 2012. [PMID: 23183421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Seven current contending cancer theories consider different sets of critical events as sufficient for tumorigenesis. These theories, most recently the microRNA dysregulation (MRD) theory, have overlapping attributes and extensive empirical support, but also some discrepancies, and some do not address both benign and malignant tumorigenesis. By definition, the most efficient tumorigenic pathways will dominate under conditions that selectively activate those pathways. The MRD theory provides a mechanistic basis to combine elements of the current theories into a new hypothesis that: (i) tumors arise most efficiently under stress that induces and sustains either protective or regenerative states of adaptive hyperplasia (AH) that normally are epigenetically maintained unless terminated; and (ii) if dysregulated by a somatic mutation that prevents normal termination, these two AH states can generate benign and malignant tumors, respectively. This hypothesis, but not multistage cancer theory, predicts that key participating AH-stem-cell populations expand markedly when triggered by stress, particularly chronic metabolic or oxidative stress, mechanical irritation, toxic exposure, wounding, inflammation, and/or infection. This hypothesis predicts that microRNA expression patterns in benign vs. malignant tumor tissue will correlate best with those governing protective vs. regenerative AH in that tissue, and that tumors arise most efficiently inmutagen-exposed stem cells that either happen to be in, or incidentally later become recruited into, an AH state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Bogen
- DrPH DABT, Exponent Inc., Health Sciences, 475, 14th Street, Ste 400, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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Smith KJ, Skelton H. Kaposi's sarcoma-like angiosarcomas may reflect a common lymphatic endothelium differentiation pattern as Kaposi's sarcoma in association with chronic lymphedema. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:623-6. [PMID: 16700808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Smith
- Department of Dermatopathology, Anatomic Pathology, Quest Diagnostics, Tucker, GA 30341, USA.
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Wong KF, So CC, Wong N, Siu LL, Kwong YL, Chan JK. Sinonasal angiosarcoma with marrow involvement at presentation mimicking malignant lymphoma: cytogenetic analysis using multiple techniques. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 129:64-8. [PMID: 11520569 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma of the head and neck most commonly involves the skin of the scalp or face; primary involvement of the sinonasal region is exceedingly rate. We report a patient with sinonasal angiosarcoma who showed marrow involvement at presentation. Marrow aspiration smears showed many large, often segregated blast-like cells, mimicking malignant lymphoma. However, trephine biopsy revealed formation of anastomosing vascular spaces by the tumor cells and immunoreactivity for CD31, supporting a diagnosis of angiosarcoma. DNA ploidy analysis showed an apparent diploidy. Nevertheless, conventional cytogenetics demonstrated very complex chromosomal abnormalities with the presence of multiple hypodiploid clones, together with several near-triploid to near-tetraploid clones showing structural abnormalities involving chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 22. The identification of these karyotypic changes has been facilitated by the application of comparative genomic hybridization and spectral karyotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China.
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Murakami-Mori K, Mori S, Bonavida B. Molecular pathogenesis of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma: growth and apoptosis. Adv Cancer Res 1999; 78:159-97. [PMID: 10547670 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)61025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Murakami-Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine 90095, USA
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Abstract
Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignant tumor of the skin and soft tissues. Due to this lesions's histopathologic similarity to other soft tissue and skin neoplasms, several names had been previously used to describe AS. In the following article, we present a comprehensive review of the literature and prior studies pertaining to AS. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the causative factors, clinical findings, and histological features of this uncommon but potentially lethal tumor. Furthermore, we discuss present therapeutic options and outcomes as well as summarize recent advances in AS tumor biology and cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Fedok
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Geisinger Health System, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, 17033-0850, USA
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Campanacci M. Kaposi’s Sarcoma. BONE AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS 1999:1097-1100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3846-5_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Tsuda N, Chowdhury PR, Hayashi T, Anami M, Iseki M, Koga S, Matsuya F, Kanetake H, Saito Y, Horita Y. Primary renal angiosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Pathol Int 1997; 47:778-83. [PMID: 9413038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1997.tb04457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary renal angiosarcoma is very rare. To our knowledge, only 15 cases have been reported to date. A 77-year-old Japanese man with a unilateral kidney presented with massive hematuria followed by renal failure. A renal tumor was suspected and a left nephrectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was angiosarcoma of the kidney. A hemorrhagic tumor measuring 10 x 5 cm and clotted blood was found in the medullary area. The atypical tumor cells had a sinusoidal and solid appearance, and showed immunohistochemically positive reactions for some of the endothelial markers. The patient died about 21 months after the nephrectomy and the autopsy revealed massive metastases to the liver and retroperitoneum. One of the differential diagnoses of the case was angiomyolipoma, because the tumor cells were relatively bland in their histological appearance with entrapped fat cells in the pelvic area. Fifteen case reports with titles that included the term 'hemangiosarcoma/angiosarcoma', 'hemangioendothelioma/endothelioma' or 'vascular sarcoma' of the kidney were reviewed and compared to the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsuda
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
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Simonart T, Noel JC, Van Vooren JP, Parent D, Baghli B, Querton G, Verhest A. DNA diploidy in AIDS-related and steroid-induced Kaposi's sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136:804. [PMID: 9205534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li XQ, Parkekh SG, Rosenberg AE, Mankin HJ. Assessing prognosis for high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas: search for a marker. Ann Surg Oncol 1996; 3:550-7. [PMID: 8915487 DOI: 10.1007/bf02306088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although improved staging technology, limb-sparing surgery, and adjunctive radiation and chemotherapy have improved the outlook for patients with malignant soft-tissue tumors of the trunk and extremities, it is evident that we cannot predict which patients will develop distant metastases. Although local control is now frequently achieved, most series of high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas carry a mortality rate of > 50%. METHODS In a retrospective study of 93 patients with high-grade sarcomas treated between 1986 and 1992 for whom complete studies including size and volume measurements and DNA ploidy determinations as assessed by flow cytometry were available, a search for a marker for increased risk of metastasis or death was performed. RESULTS Grade of the lesion, sex, diagnosis, anatomical site, ploidic data (including mean DNA index and presence of an aneuploid peak), and treatment factors (including type of surgery, local recurrence, or radiation protocol) did not correlate with outcome. Age (younger patients did better), size (greatest diameter) and volume, and positive margins at surgery correlated with total survival. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study, although negative, point out that using anatomical site, diagnosis, or ploidic analysis offers little toward anticipating outcome, whereas the size of the tumor is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Li
- Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
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Reizis Z, Trattner A, Katzenelson V, David M, Rotem A, Nativ O, Mor Y. Flow cytometric DNA analysis of classic and steroid-induced Kaposi's sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132:548-50. [PMID: 7748744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometric DNA analysis of various tumours has indicated a correlation between the degree of malignancy and ploidy; results which could have clinical significance. We analysed the ploidy of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tumours, and classified the results according to clinical history and histological findings. We found that patients on steroid treatment had an aneuploid pattern, and most of the patients with classic-type KS had a diploid pattern on flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Reizis
- Department of Dermatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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Meister P. Grading of soft tissue sarcomas: proposal for a reproducible, albeit limited scheme. CURRENT TOPICS IN PATHOLOGY. ERGEBNISSE DER PATHOLOGIE 1995; 89:153-73. [PMID: 7882707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77289-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Meister
- Institut für Pathologie, Städtisches Krankenhaus Harlaching, München, Germany
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