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Sui X, Huang X, Wu Y, Ren R, Pu H, Chang J, Zhou G, Mao S, Chen J. Organometallic Precursor-Derived SnO 2/Sn-Reduced Graphene Oxide Sandwiched Nanocomposite Anode with Superior Lithium Storage Capacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26170-26177. [PMID: 29995381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the reversible conversion reaction upon delithiation, nanosized SnO2, with its theoretical capacity of 1494 mA h g-1, has gained special attention as a promising anode material. Here, we report a self-assembled SnO2/Sn-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sandwich nanocomposite developed by organometallic precursor coating and in situ transformation. Ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5 nm are sandwiched within the rGO/carbonaceous network, which not only greatly alleviates the volume changes upon lithiation and aggregation of SnO2 nanoparticles but also facilitates the charge transfer and reaction kinetics of SnO2 upon lithiation/delithiation. As a result, the SnO2/Sn-rGO nanocomposite exhibited a superior lithium storage capacity with a reversible capacity of 1307 mA h g-1 at a current density of 80 mA g-1 in the potential window of 0.01-2.5 V versus Li+/Li and showed a reversible capacity of 767 mA h g-1 over 200 cycles at a current density of 400 mA g-1. When cycling at a higher current density of 1600 mA g-1, the SnO2/Sn-rGO nanocomposite showed a highly stable capacity of 449 mA g-1 without obvious decay after 400 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Xingkang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Yingpeng Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Ren Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Haihui Pu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Shun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3200 North Cramer Street , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
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Sen SS, Kritzler-Kosch MP, Nagendran S, Roesky HW, Beck T, Pal A, Herbst-Irmer R. Synthesis of Monomeric Divalent Tin(II) Compounds with Terminal Chloride, Amide, and Triflate Substituents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Investigations of tin (II/IV) phosphates prepared by various methods, Mössbauer study and X-ray diffraction characterization. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deutsch E, Libson K, Jurisson S, Lindoy LF. Technetium Chemistry and Technetium Radiopharmaceuticals. PROGRESS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470166314.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu S, Edwards DS. 99mTc-Labeled Small Peptides as Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2235-68. [PMID: 11749481 DOI: 10.1021/cr980436l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Medical Imaging Division, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862
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Abstract
The primary goal of this review article is to increase the reader's knowledge and understanding of problems associated with the radiopharmaceuticals commonly used in daily practice. To achieve this objective, problems related to the commonly used radiopharmaceuticals are divided into pitfalls and artifacts related to radiopharmaceutical preparation (technetium-99m [99mTc]-labeled and non-99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical) and those related to radiopharmaceutical administration. For the radiopharmaceutical formulation-associated pitfalls and artifacts, problems are discussed in terms of factor categories, such as factors associated with radionuclides, factors associated with components, factors associated with preparation procedures, and miscellaneous factors. As for the pitfalls and artifacts caused by radiopharmaceutical administration, these problems are categorized into errors associated with administration technique and nontechnical errors. Clinical manifestations (ie, appearance upon imaging) from the numerous literature-based examples are presented. The effect of the causative factors and the reason each factor can result in radiopharmaceutical preparation and administration problems are discussed. In addition, the possible preventive actions are presented for each group. However, the cause of some pharmaceutical related problems may not be easily recognized, and thus it is difficult to develop preventive and/or corrective plans for these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hung
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Ahkong QF, Tilcock C. Attachment of 99mTc to lipid vesicles containing the lipophilic chelate dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-DTTA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1992; 19:831-40. [PMID: 1428912 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(92)90169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The binding of 99mTc to negatively-charged and neutral unilamellar lipid vesicles was investigated in the absence and presence of the ligand diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) covalently attached to the headgroup of phosphatidylethanolamine at the surface of the membrane. Even in the absence of DTPA on the membrane surface, 99mTc reduced by Sn bound to the membrane surface but rapidly dissociated from the vesicles in the presence of plasma in vitro. When DTPA was present on the membrane surface, dissociation of 99mTc from the vesicle surface in plasma was much reduced. The dissociation of 99mTc from the surface of negatively-charged vesicles was less than for neutral vesicles in the absence of ligand but was markedly greater than for vesicles containing the ligand DTPA, suggesting that the binding of 99mTc to vesicles with surface-attached DTPA could not be explained solely on the basis of the negative charge provided by the DTPA. In vitro experiments using 14C-labeled lipids as well as in vivo imaging studies indicated that dissociation of 99mTc from the surface of the vesicle did not arise predominantly because of lipid exchange with plasma components or due to cleavage of Tc-DTPA from the vesicle surface. For vesicles with surface-attached DTPA, 99mTc dissociation from the vesicle surface in plasma was further reduced by addition of the antioxidant ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q F Ahkong
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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8
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Abstract
The subject of the chemistry of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals consists of a collection of bits and pieces of information without a unifying theme. Since the initial impetus to the field of organ imaging was provided by radiochemists, nuclear chemists, and clinician-investigators, using easily prepared 99mTc-compounds from available off-the-shelf ligands, complete chemical characterization was not carried for the 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals and their metabolites. The influx of coordination, organic, and analytic chemists and their systematic studies clarified some of the structures of these tracers, and promoted the general synthetic methods of a variety of ligands and the corresponding 99mTc-chelates as well as understanding of the nature of their metabolites. Although major developments for organ-imaging radiopharmaceuticals had been made, future studies will result in the simplified methodology of protein-labeling, fine-tuning of the currently available radiopharmaceuticals for higher organ-extraction, and replacement of expensive 123I-labeled tracers with the corresponding 99mTc-tracers. In general, the Tc-complexes are thermodynamically less stable and kinetically more labile than the corresponding Re-complexes. The well established chemistry of Re-compounds, the similarity of Tc-chemistry to that of Re compounds, and structure-activity relationships of a few classes of 99mTc-labeled compounds, may promote the development of new generation of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
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Van Gansbeke B, Jeghers O, Ermans AM, Schoutens A. Paper and ITLC chromatography of99mTc radiopharmaceuticals: An explanation for some artefacts. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02037566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Arano Y, Yokoyama A, Magata Y, Horiuchi K, Saji H, Torizuka K. In the procurement of stable 99mTc labeled protein using bifunctional chelating agent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1986; 37:587-92. [PMID: 3021660 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(86)90077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, technetium-99m (99mTc) labeling of proteins through the use of a bifunctional chelating agent (BCA) has been reported. In previous work, a BCA containing a di(N-methylthiosemicarbazone) (DTS) moiety for 99mTc has offered good potential; however, conjugation with bulky proteins has induced some steric interference in the 99mTc labeling step using the stannous chloride method. In order to minimize this effect, changes in the hydrocarbon chain length (spacer) between the DTS and the protein binding site (carboxyl group), as well as the chemical state of the reducing agent, stannous chloride, were considered of interest. DTS molecules with variable spacer length (n = 0, 2, 4) were synthesized, coupled with human serum albumin and labeled with 99mTc. Also, stannous chloride prepared in different media was evaluated. Validity of the present approach is tested and discussed.
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Holland ME, Deutsch E, Heineman WR. Studies on commercially available 99Mo/99mTc radionuclide generators—II. Operating characteristics and behavior of 99Mo/99mTc generators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(86)90067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Claessens R, Van Der Linden J, Schmitz J, De Jong N. The oxidation of Sn(II) diphosphonates by pertechnetate followed with differential pulse polarography and mössbauer spectroscopy. Inorganica Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oster ZH, Som P, Srivastava SC, Fairchild RG, Meinken GE, Tillman DY, Sacker DF, Richards P, Atkins HL, Brill AB. The development and in-vivo behavior of tin containing radiopharmaceuticals--II. Autoradiographic and scintigraphic studies in normal animals and in animal models of bone disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1985; 12:175-84. [PMID: 3864759 DOI: 10.1016/0047-0740(85)90024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Various 117mSn (2+ and 4+) compounds in well defined oxidation states were studied in normal mice using whole body autoradiography (WBARG), tissue distribution and scintigraphy in animal models of vitamin A induced bone disease, fracture, infected fracture and ischemic muscle lesions. The 117mSn4+-DTPA showed high affinity to normal bone with low soft tissue concentration. Increased deposition of this compound in fractures and ischemic lesions in muscle was also demonstrated. In hypervitaminosis A, reduced bone uptake of 117mSn4+-DTPA was shown to occur. Nude mice bearing osteogenic sarcoma of human origin showed uptake in spiculated pattern. The similar distribution of 117mSn4+-DTPA which does not contain phosphate or phosphonate groups, and the 99mTc(Sn) skeletal imaging compounds may indicate that tin is important in binding to bone. 117mSn4+-DTPA may not be ideal for routine imaging except when long term follow up is required. It should however be considered for therapy of bone tumors because of the long physical half-life of 117mSn (t1/2 = 14.03 days), abundance of short-range conversion and Auger electrons and its preferential deposition in cortical bone as indicated by our results.
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Srivastava SC, Meinken GE, Richards P, Som P, Oster ZH, Atkins HL, Brill AB, Knapp FF, Butler TA. The development and in-vivo behavior of tin containing radiopharmaceuticals--I. Chemistry, preparation, and biodistribution in small animals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1985; 12:167-74. [PMID: 4066197 DOI: 10.1016/0047-0740(85)90023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tin is an essential ingredient of most technetium-99m radiopharmaceutical preparations but its in-vivo distribution and long-term fate are not well understood. Tin-117m (t1/2 14d; gamma 159 keV, 86%) is an ideal tracer for studying biological behavior of tin compounds as well as for developing clinically-useful radiopharmaceuticals. This work describes the preparation and in-vivo distribution in mice of a number of tin-117m labeled compounds with commonly used ligands. High bone uptake of most compounds studied as well as the unexpectedly high bone uptake of Sn4+-DTPA indicates a high bone affinity of tin bound to chemically diverse ligands. Various compounds show subtle but significant differences in blood clearance, excretion, and soft-tissue uptake. Differences among Sn2+ and Sn4+ compounds with the same ligand are particularly noteworthy. For stannic chelates, higher bone uptake, faster blood clearance, and reduced soft-tissue concentration were observed. It appears that tin compounds bind to bone predominantly through the tin atom and that the differences in biodistribution depend on factors such as the net charge on the complex, the oxidation state of tin, and hydrolytic and kinetic stabilities of the complexes. The results indicate that the favorable half-life and decay characteristics of tin-117m in various stannic compounds, especially stannic-DTPA, make it potentially useful as an agent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.
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Abstract
A tolerable limit for tin concentration in canned food of 250 ppm (Fritsch et al., 1977) is generally accepted. However, biochemical effects attributable to tin have been observed even after oral administration of 1 and 3 mg Sn/kg body wt (Yamaguchi et al., 1980). These doses reflect 10 and 30 ppm tin in the diet. The experiments of de Groot (1973) showed that hemoglobin concentrations in the blood of rats decreased significantly feeding a diet containing 150 ppm tin. The absorption of iron was diminished after simultaneous administration of 0.8 mumol Sn(II) and iron, reflecting a tin dose of 95 ppm tin, by injection into jejunal loops of rats (Schäfer and Forth, 1983). In general, however, canned food usually plays a secondary role in daily nutrition. Fortunately, concentrations of about 2000 ppm tin as reported by Warburton et al. (1962) and Barker and Runte (1972) are not found in canned food, but values between 50 and 500 ppm are not unusual (Piscator, 1979). If a large amount of canned food is eaten daily over a long period, disturbances of gastric acid secretion and a reduction in iron absorption or heme metabolism cannot be excluded. The storage of food, especially acid foods, in opened cans should be avoided as this practice increases the amount of tin in the food when it is consumed.
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Láznícková A, Karlícek R, Kvĕtina J, Kronrád L, Kusák V. 99mTc complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic and ethylenediaminetetraacetohydroxamic acids; labelling and biodistribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1984; 11:170-4. [PMID: 6434462 DOI: 10.1016/0047-0740(84)90056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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