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Chen YH, Chen CJ, Yeh S, Lin YN, Wu YC, Hsieh WT, Wu BT, Ma WL, Chen WC, Chang C, Chen HY. Urethral dysfunction in female mice with estrogen receptor β deficiency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109058. [PMID: 25275480 PMCID: PMC4183540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has various regulatory functions in the growth, development, and differentiation of the female urogenital system. This study investigated the roles of ERβ in stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Wild-type (ERβ+/+) and knockout (ERβ−/−) female mice were generated (aged 6–8 weeks, n = 6) and urethral function and protein expression were measured. Leak point pressures (LPP) and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) were assessed in mice under urethane anesthesia. After the measurements, the urethras were removed for proteomic analysis using label-free quantitative proteomics by nano-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The interaction between these proteins was further analysed using MetaCore. Lastly, Western blot was used to confirm the candidate proteins. Compared with the ERβ+/+ group, the LPP and MUCP values of the ERβ−/− group were significantly decreased. Additionally, we identified 85 differentially expressed proteins in the urethra of ERβ−/− female mice; 57 proteins were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated. The majority of the ERβ knockout-modified proteins were involved in cell-matrix adhesion, metabolism, immune response, signal transduction, nuclear receptor translational regelation, and muscle contraction and development. Western blot confirmed the up-regulation of myosin and collagen in urethra. By contrast, elastin was down-regulated in the ERβ−/− mice. This study is the first study to estimate protein expression changes in urethras from ERβ−/− female mice. These changes could be related to the molecular mechanism of ERβ in SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Department of Urology, George H Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Tsang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, George H Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HYC); (CC)
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HYC); (CC)
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Rao LG, Murray TM, Wylie JN, McBroom RJ, Sutherland MK. Long-term culture in dexamethasone unmasks an abnormal phenotype in osteoblasts isolated from osteoporotic subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:919-27. [PMID: 16419495 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that osteoblastic cells derived from trabecular bone explants of osteoporotic subjects (OP cells) exhibited an altered alkaline phosphatase (ALP) response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] compared to control (CON) cells. Our hypothesis that OP cells have other intrinsic abnormalities was investigated using our cell models representing two different stages of differentiation. OP and CON cells were cultured in the absence (-DEX) or presence (+DEX) of 10 nM dexamethasone (DEX) in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) prior to exposure to serum-free medium containing 1 nM of PTH and/or 17-beta estradiol (E2). Both OP and CON cells responded to DEX with a two-fold increase in basal ALP activity. While E2 or PTH+E2 had no effect on OP cells, both treatments inhibited ALP activity in CON cells (p<0.05). OP and CON cells grown in DEX also expressed PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activities higher than those of (-DEX) cells. OP+DEX cells, however, exhibited activities which were 8-fold higher than those of CON+DEX cells (p<0.001). In OP+DEX cells, E2 stimulated basal AC activity (p<0.05) but did not affect PTH-stimulated activity. In contrast, in CON+DEX cells, E2 had no effect on basal activity but inhibited PTH-stimulated AC activity (p<0.001). Osteocalcin production was 4-fold lower in OP+DEX cells compared to OP-DEX and CON cells (p<0.05) while osteocalcin mRNA levels were significantly lower in OP+DEX and CON+/-DEX cells compared to OP-DEX cells (p<0.05). E2 did not affect osteocalcin protein or mRNA levels in either OP or CON cells. No differences in mRNA levels were found for estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-a) in OP+/-DEX cells whereas these levels were significantly higher in CON+DEX compared to CON-DEX cells (p<0.05). These results indicate that DEX amplified the differences between OP and CON cells and confirm the presence of intrinsic osteoblastic abnormalities in patients with osteoporosis that persist in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rao
- Calcium Research Laboratory, suite 2022, St. Michael's Hospital, 38 Shuter Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1A6.
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