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Martin V, Ratel S, Siracusa J, Le Ruyet P, Savary-Auzeloux I, Combaret L, Guillet C, Dardevet D. Whey proteins are more efficient than casein in the recovery of muscle functional properties following a casting induced muscle atrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75408. [PMID: 24069411 PMCID: PMC3777906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whey supplementation, as compared to the standard casein diet, on the recovery of muscle functional properties after a casting-induced immobilization period. After an initial (I0) evaluation of the contractile properties of the plantarflexors (isometric torque-frequency relationship, concentric power-velocity relationship and a fatigability test), the ankle of 20 male adult rats was immobilized by casting for 8 days. During this period, rats were fed a standard diet with 13% of casein (CAS). After cast removal, rats received either the same diet or a diet with 13% of whey proteins (WHEY). A control group (n = 10), non-immobilized but pair-fed to the two other experimental groups, was also studied and fed with the CAS diet. During the recovery period, contractile properties were evaluated 7 (R7), 21 (R21) and 42 days (R42) after cast removal. The immobilization procedure induced a homogeneous depression of average isometric force at R7 (CAS: − 19.0±8.2%; WHEY: − 21.7±8.4%; P<0.001) and concentric power (CAS: − 26.8±16.4%, P<0.001; WHEY: − 13.5±21.8%, P<0.05) as compared to I0. Conversely, no significant alteration of fatigability was observed. At R21, isometric force had fully recovered in WHEY, especially for frequencies above 50 Hz, whereas it was still significantly depressed in CAS, where complete recovery occurred only at R42. Similarly, recovery of concentric power was faster at R21 in the 500−700°/s range in the WHEY group. These results suggest that recovery kinetics varied between diets, the diet with the whey proteins promoting a faster recovery of isometric force and concentric power output as compared to the casein diet. These effects were more specifically observed at force level and movement velocities that are relevant for functional abilities, and thus natural locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Lydie Combaret
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH, UMR 1019), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH, UMR 1019), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH, UMR 1019), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Mercier C, Jobin J, Lépine C, Simard C. Effects of hindlimb suspension on contractile properties of young and old rat muscles and the impact of electrical stimulation on the recovery process. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 106:305-20. [PMID: 10100158 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hindlimb suspension (HS) on contractile properties of skeletal muscles of young and old rats and to determine the impact of electrical stimulation (ES) on the quality and degree of recovery of these muscles. After 21 days of HS, young soleus (SOL) muscle became faster, but there was no impact on young extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Twitch tension (Pt) decreased 61% in young and 70% in old SOL muscles. Specific tetanic tension (Po) decreased 53% in young and 64% in old SOL muscles, but again there was no impact on EDL muscle. After a 14-day period of recovery, contraction time (CT), half-relaxation time (RT1/2), Pt and Po returned to control group values in both young and old SOL muscles. Measurements of the contractile properties of young and old skeletal rat muscles showed ES sometimes to be beneficial but also sometimes to be harmful. A 14-day period of recovery, with or without ES, seemed sufficient for many variables to return to control group values.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mercier
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Stump CS, Tipton CM, Henriksen EJ. Muscle adaptations to hindlimb suspension in mature and old Fischer 344 rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997; 82:1875-81. [PMID: 9173953 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.6.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined skeletal and cardiac muscle responses of mature (8 mo) and old (23 mo) male Fischer 344 rats to 14 days of hindlimb suspension. Hexokinase (HK) and citrate synthase (CS) activities and GLUT-4 glucose transporter protein level, which are coregulated in many instances of altered neuromuscular activity, were analyzed in soleus (Sol), plantaris (PI), tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and left ventricle. Protein content was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in all four hindlimb muscles after suspension compared with controls in both mature (21-44%) and old (17-43%) rats. Old rats exhibited significantly lower CS activities than mature rats for the Sol, Pl, and TA. HK activities were significantly lower in the old rats for the Pl (19%) and TA (33%), and GLUT-4 levels were lower in the old rats for the TA (38%) and EDL (24%) compared with the mature rats. Old age was also associated with a decrease in CS activity (12%) and an increase in HK activity (14%) in cardiac muscle. CS activities were lower in the Sol (20%) and EDL (18%) muscles from mature suspended rats and in the Sol (25%), Pl (27%), and EDL (25%) muscles from old suspended rats compared with corresponding controls. However, suspension was associated with significantly higher HK activities for all four hindlimb muscles examined, in both old (16-57%) and mature (10-43%) rats, and higher GLUT-4 concentrations in the TA muscles of the old rats (68%) but not the mature rats. These results indicate that old age is associated with decreased CS and HK activities and GLUT-4 protein concentration for several rat hindlimb muscles, and these variables are not coregulated during suspension. Finally, old rat skeletal muscle appears to respond to suspension to a similar or greater degree than mature rat muscle responds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Stump
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0093, USA
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