1
|
Wang L, Zhang W, Shen W, Li M, Fu Y, Li Z, Li J, Liu H, Su X, Zhang B, Zhao J. Integrated transcriptome and microRNA sequencing analyses reveal gene responses in poplar leaves infected by the novel pathogen bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163232. [PMID: 37396641 PMCID: PMC10308444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel poplar mosaic disease caused by bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) was investigated in Populus alba var. pyramidalis in China. Symptom characteristics, physiological performance of the host, histopathology, genome sequences and vectors, and gene regulation at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels were analyzed and RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) validation of expression was performed in our experiments. In this work, the mechanisms by which the BCMV pathogen impacts physiological performance and the molecular mechanisms of the poplar response to viral infection were reported. The results showed that BCMV infection decreased the chlorophyll content, inhibited the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), and significantly changed chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in diseased leaves. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of the majority of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was promoted, but the expression of all or almost all DEGs associated with photosynthesis-antenna proteins and the photosynthesis pathway was inhibited in poplar leaves, suggesting that BCMV infection increased the accumulation of flavonoids but decreased photosynthesis in hosts. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that viral infection promoted the expression of genes involved in the defense response or plant-pathogen interaction. MicroRNA-seq analysis illustrated that 10 miRNA families were upregulated while 6 families were downregulated in diseased poplar leaves; moreover, miR156, the largest family with the most miRNA members and target genes, was only differentially upregulated in long-period disease (LD) poplar leaves. Integrated transcriptome and miRNA-seq analyses revealed 29 and 145 candidate miRNA-target gene pairs; however, only 17 and 76 pairs, accounting for 2.2% and 3.2% of all DEGs, were authentically negatively regulated in short-period disease (SD) and LD leaves, respectively. Interestingly, 4 miR156/SPL (squamosa promoter-binding-like protein) miRNA-target gene pairs were identified in LD leaves: the miR156 molecules were upregulated, but SPL genes were downregulated. In conclusion, BCMV infection significantly changed transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene expression in poplar leaves, inhibited photosynthesis, increased the accumulation of flavonoids, induced systematic mosaic symptoms, and decreased physiological performance in diseased poplar leaves. This study elucidated the fine-tuned regulation of poplar gene expression by BCMV; moreover, the results also suggested that miR156/SPL modules played important roles in the virus response and development of viral systematic symptoms in plant virus disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wanna Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- Shandong Research Center for Forestry Harmful Biological Control Engineering and Technology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silvestri S, Murphy AM, Buonaurio R, Carr JP. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of purine catabolism, enhances susceptibility of tobacco to Tobacco mosaic virus. Virus Res 2008; 137:257-60. [PMID: 18675860 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco (cv. Xanthi nn) plants were watered with allopurinol [4-hydroxypyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine, HPP], a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, to investigate its effects on infection by Tobacco mosaic virus engineered to express the green fluorescent protein (TMV.GFP). TMV.GFP infection was monitored by examination of inoculated leaves under UV light, by confocal scanning laser microscopy and by epifluorescence microscopy. Susceptibility to TMV.GFP was enhanced in HPP-treated plants. This was seen as a statistically significant increase in numbers of infection sites per leaf and in the number of infected cells per infection site. Two hypotheses are discussed to explain the enhanced susceptibility. The inhibition exerted by HPP against XOR activity could provoke either (i) an increased adenine and guanine nucleotide pool, which could facilitate viral RNA synthesis or (ii) it could cause changes in IAA/auxin levels, which has been proposed to influence TMV susceptibility in tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Sezione di Arboricoltura e Protezione delle Piante, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|