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Bojadzija Savic G, Colinet H, Bormans M, Edwards C, Lawton LA, Briand E, Wiegand C. Cell free Microcystis aeruginosa spent medium affects Daphnia magna survival and stress response. Toxicon 2021; 195:37-47. [PMID: 33716069 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary consumers in freshwater ecosystems, such as the zooplankton organism Daphnia magna, are highly affected by cyanobacteria, both as they may use it as a food source but also by cyanobacterial metabolites present in the water. Here, we investigate the impacts of cyanobacterial metabolites focussing on the environmental realistic scenario of the naturally released mixture without crushing cyanobacterial cells or their uptake as food. Therefore, D. magna were exposed to two concentrations of cell free cyanobacterial spent medium from Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 to represent higher and lower ecologically-relevant concentrations of cyanobacterial metabolites. Including microcystin-LR, 11 metabolites have been detected of which 5 were quantified. Hypothesising concentration and time dependent negative impact, survival, gene expression marking digestion and metabolism, oxidative stress response, cell cycle and molting as well as activities of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes were followed for 7 days. D. magna suffered from oxidative stress as both catalase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities significantly decreased, suggesting enzyme exhaustibility after 3 and 7 days. Moreover, gene-expressions of the 4 stress markers (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and thioredoxin) were merely downregulated after 7 days of exposure. Energy allocation (expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was increased after 3 days but decreased as well after 7 days exposure. Cell cycle was impacted time dependently but differently by the two concentrations, along with an increasing downregulation of myosin heavy chain responsible for cell arrangement and muscular movements. Deregulation of nuclear hormone receptor genes indicate that D. magna hormonal steering including molting seemed impaired despite no detection of microviridin J in the extracts. As a consequence of all those responses and presumably of more than investigated molecular and physiological changes, D. magna survival was impaired over time, in a concentration dependent manner. Our results confirm that besides microcystin-LR, other secondary metabolites contribute to negative impact on D. magna survival and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé Colinet
- UMR ECOBIO, 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR ECOBIO, 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Enora Briand
- IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, F-44311, Nantes, France.
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- UMR ECOBIO, 6553 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
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Nowruzi B, Porzani SJ. Toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria belonging to several species of the order Nostocales: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:510-548. [PMID: 33289164 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well recognised as producers of a wide range of natural compounds that are in turn recognised as toxins that have potential and useful applications in the future as pharmaceutical agents. The order Nostocales, which is largely overlooked in this regard, has become increasingly recognised as a source of toxin producers including Anabaena, Nostoc, Hapalosiphon, Fischerella, Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Gloeotrichia, Cylindrospermopsis, Scytonema, Raphidiopsis, Cuspidothrix, Nodularia, Stigonema, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum and Desmonostoc species. The toxin compounds (i.e., microcystins, nodularin, anatoxins, ambiguines, fischerindoles and welwitindolinones) and metabolites are about to have a destructive effect on both inland and aquatic environment aspects. The present review gives an overview of the various toxins that are extracted by the order Nostocales. The current research suggests that these compounds that are produced by cyanobacterial species have promising future considerations as potentially harmful algae and as promising leads for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nowruzi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Jafari Porzani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Christophoridis C, Zervou SK, Manolidi K, Katsiapi M, Moustaka-Gouni M, Kaloudis T, Triantis TM, Hiskia A. Occurrence and diversity of cyanotoxins in Greek lakes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17877. [PMID: 30552354 PMCID: PMC6294760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria occur in Greek surface water bodies. However, studies on the occurrence of cyanotoxins (CTs) are often limited to mainly microcystins (MCs), with use of screening methods, such as ELISA, that are not conclusive of the chemical structure of the CT variants and can be subject to false positive results. A multi-lake survey in Greece (14 lakes) was conducted in water and biomass, targeted to a wide range of multi-class CTs including MCs, nodularin-R (NOD), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anatoxin-a (ANA-a) and saxitoxins (STXs), using multi-class/variant LC-MS/MS analytical workflows, achieving sensitive detection, definitive identification and accurate quantitation. A wide variety of CTs (CYN, ANA-a, STX, neoSTX, dmMC-RR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-HtyR, dm3MC-LR, MC-LR, MC-HilR, MC-WR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LW and MC-LF), were detected, with MCs being the most commonly occurring. In biomass, MC-RR was the most abundant toxin, reaching 754 ng mg−1 dw, followed by MC-LR (458 ng mg−1 dw). CYN and ANA-a were detected for the first time in the biomass of Greek lakes at low concentrations and STXs in lakes Trichonis, Vistonis and Petron. The abundance and diversity of CTs were also evaluated in relation to recreational health risks, in a case study with a proven history of MCs (Lake Kastoria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophoros Christophoridis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos 27, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos 27, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Korina Manolidi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos 27, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Katsiapi
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Moustaka-Gouni
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Kaloudis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos 27, 15341, Athens, Greece.,Water Quality Control Department, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company - EYDAP SA, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros M Triantis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos 27, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Hiskia
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Grigoriou E' & Neapoleos 27, 15341, Athens, Greece.
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Drobac D, Tokodi N, Lujić J, Marinović Z, Subakov-Simić G, Dulić T, Važić T, Nybom S, Meriluoto J, Codd GA, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:66-76. [PMID: 28073548 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Common and frequently investigated cyanotoxins include microcystins (MCs), nodularin (NOD) and saxitoxins (STXs). During the summer of 2011 extensive cyanobacterial growth was found in several fishponds in Serbia. Sampling of the water and fish (common carp, Cyprinus carpio) was performed. Water samples from 13 fishponds were found to contain saxitoxin, microcystin, and/or nodularin. LC-MS/MS showed that MC-RR was present in samples of fish muscle tissue. Histopathological analyses of fish grown in fishponds with cyanotoxin production showed histopathological damage to liver, kidney, gills, intestines and muscle tissues. This study is among the first so far to report severe hyperplasia of intestinal epithelium and severe degeneration of muscle tissue of fish after cyanobacterial exposure. These findings emphasize the importance of cyanobacterial and cyanotoxin monitoring in fishponds in order to recognize cyanotoxins and their potential effects on fish used for human consumption and, further, on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
| | - Nada Tokodi
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Gordana Subakov-Simić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Važić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Sonja Nybom
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland
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Metcalf JS, Banack SA, Kotut K, Krienitz L, Codd GA. Amino acid neurotoxins in feathers of the Lesser Flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:835-9. [PMID: 23123117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) is known to use cyanobacteria (primarily Arthrospira) as a major food source in the East African Rift Valley lakes. Periodically, mass mortalities have occurred, associated with the cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins), microcystins and anatoxin-a. Deposition of these cyanotoxins into P. minor feathers has been shown to occur, consistent with the presence of cyanotoxins in the livers, stomach and faecal contents after dietary intake. As cyanobacteria have been shown to also produce the neurotoxins β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), stored wing feathers, previously recovered from flamingos which had been exposed to microcystins and anatoxin-a and had subsequently died, were analysed for these neurotoxic amino acids. Trace amounts of BMAA were detected in extracts from Lake Nakuru flamingo feathers, with DAB also present at concentrations between 3.5 and 8.5 μg g(-1) dry weight in feathers from both lakes. Toxin recovery by solid-phase extraction of feather digests was tested with spiked deuterated BMAA and showed good recovery when analysed by LC-MS/MS (80-94%). This is the first report of these neurotoxic amino acids in birds. We discuss the origin and significance of DAB, alongside other cyanotoxins of dietary origin, in the feathers of the Lesser Flamingo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Metcalf
- Institute for Ethnomedicine, Box 3464, Jackson, WY 83001, USA.
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Mohamed ZA, Al Shehri AM. Microcystin-producing blooms of Anabaenopsis arnoldi in a potable mountain lake in Saudi Arabia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 69:98-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Dadheech PK, Krienitz L, Kotut K, Ballot A, Casper P. Molecular detection of uncultured cyanobacteria and aminotransferase domains for cyanotoxin production in sediments of different Kenyan lakes. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 68:340-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Meisen I, Distler U, Müthing J, Berkenkamp S, Dreisewerd K, Mathys W, Karch H, Mormann M. Direct Coupling of High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with UV Spectroscopy and IR-MALDI Orthogonal TOF MS for the Analysis of Cyanobacterial Toxins. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3858-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900217q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Meisen
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Berkenkamp
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Werner Mathys
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Mormann
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Sequenom GmbH, Mendelssohnstrasse 15 d, 22761 Hamburg, Germany, and Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Rezanka T, Dembitsky VM. Metabolites produced by cyanobacteria belonging to several species of the familyNostocaceae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:159-82. [PMID: 17004647 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of metabolites, including lipids and lipid-like compounds, nitrogen metabolites, oligopeptides and amino acid derivatives, produced by cyanobacteria of the genera Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Aulosira, Cylindrospermopsis, Cylindrospermum, Nodularia, and Richelia of the family Nostocaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czechia.
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Gkelis S, Harjunpää V, Lanaras T, Sivonen K. Diversity of hepatotoxic microcystins and bioactive anabaenopeptins in cyanobacterial blooms from Greek freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2005; 20:249-56. [PMID: 15892073 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) and anabaenopeptins from 26 cyanobacterial bloom samples dominated mainly by the genus Microcystis and collected from seven Greek freshwaters were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector. All the samples analyzed contained microcystins; in 27% of the samples anabaenopeptins were detected but not anabaenopeptilide (A). In each sample 1-7 microcystins and up to two anabaenopeptins (anabaenopeptins A and B) were identified. MC-RR and MC-LR were the predominant microcystins, followed by MC-YR. MC-LA and demethylated variants of MC-LR and MC-RR also were present but were not abundant. Total content of microcystin and anabaenopeptin varied from 40 to 2565 microg g(-1) freeze-dried material (mean 674.5 microg g(-1)) and from undetectable to 48 microg g(-1) freeze-dried material (mean 6.2 microg g(-1)), respectively. Qualitative and quantitative variation in the microcystins in the samples indicates there may be geographical trends in the distribution of microcystins. This study reports for the first time (1) the widespread occurrence of several different microcystins in Greek freshwaters and (2) quantitative data on the anabaenopeptins produced in natural cyanobacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, P.O. Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Helsinki University, Helsinki, FIN-000 14, Finland
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