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Tremante E, Ginebri A, Lo Monaco E, Benassi B, Frascione P, Grammatico P, Cappellacci S, Catricalà C, Arcelli D, Natali PG, Di Filippo F, Mottolese M, Visca P, Benevolo M, Giacomini P. A melanoma immune response signature including Human Leukocyte Antigen-E. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:103-12. [PMID: 24011128 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paired cultures of early-passage melanoma cells and melanocytes were established from metastatic lesions and the uninvolved skin of five patients. In this stringent autologous setting, cDNA profiling was used to analyze a subset of 1477 genes selected by the Gene Ontology term 'immune response'. Human Leukocyte Antigen E (HLA-E) was ranked 19th among melanoma-overexpressed genes and was embedded in a transformation signature including its preferred peptide ligand donors HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-G. Mostly undetectable in normal skin and 39 nevi (including rare and atypical lesions), HLA-E was detected by immunohistochemistry in 17/30 (57%) and 32/48 (67%) primary and metastatic lesions, respectively. Accordingly, surface HLA-E was higher on melanoma cells than on melanocytes and protected the former (6/6 cell lines) from lysis by natural killer (NK) cells, functionally counteracting co-expressed triggering ligands. Although lacking HLA-E, melanocytes (4/4 cultures) were nevertheless (and surprisingly) fully protected from NK cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tremante
- Laboratory of Immunology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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2
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Berghella AM, Pellegrini P, Piancatelli D, Maccarone D, Del Beato T, Giubilei D, Pomidori A, Adorno D, Casciani CU. Progression mechanisms in colon cancer: soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, IL-2 plus anti-CD3 proliferative response and tumour stage correlations. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994; 38:160-6. [PMID: 7907273 PMCID: PMC11038529 DOI: 10.1007/bf01525636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/1993] [Accepted: 11/02/1993] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels have been found to be elevated in several clinical conditions, including disseminated solid neoplasms, whereas they are generally within the normal range in patients with locally limited neoplastic disease. The aim of the present study was to examine this in our colon cancer patients, and to assess if this situation can affect the in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), examining the proliferative response to IL-2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, the IL-2 serum levels and the PBMC phenotype. The results show that sIL-2R levels were significantly correlated with the stage of the disease, showing an increase from stage I to stage IV; moreover, it is worth noting that the proliferative response to IL-2 plus anti-CD3 is significantly higher than to IL-2 alone in stage IV, without significant alteration in the numerical presence of T and natural killer cells. So it seems that in the peripheral blood of patients, connected with the disease progression, are present cellular populations showing a different response to activation, and that T cells acquire a better response condition than NK. Thus, since the T cellular population includes the tumour-specific cytotoxic precursor cells, this should be helpful for its tumour regressive activity, but it is conceivable that this population cannot perform its functions, owing to a deficiency in responsiveness of the specific ThCD4+ subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Berghella
- CNR Institute of Tissue Typing and Dialysis, L'Aquila, Italy
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3
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Poulakis N, Sarandakou A, Rizos D, Phocas I, Kontozoglou T, Polyzogopoulos D. Soluble interleukin-2 receptors and other markers in primary lung cancer. Cancer 1991; 68:1045-9. [PMID: 1717123 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910901)68:5<1045::aid-cncr2820680523>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1), and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) were taken in 92 patients with primary lung cancer and 43 controls. The mean value of sIL-2R in the cancer group was twice as high as that of the controls (P less than 0.001) and the highest values were observed in those with small cell carcinoma (SCC) (P less than 0.0001). Of the cancer patients, 51.1% had CEA values higher than the cutoff level of 5 ng/ml. Extended-disease patients had a higher percentage of increased CEA values than those with limited disease. Adenocarcinoma (ADCC) and SCC groups had the highest percentages of increased CEA levels. There was no significant difference between the groups for beta-HCG, AFP, SP1, and beta 2M, and intermarker correlation was not seen. The results suggest that sIL-2R and CEA may be useful in monitoring the extent of disease and possibly indicate the histologic subtype, thus having a bearing on treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Poulakis
- Fourth Department of Athens Chest Hospital, Sotiria, Greece
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4
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Lynch SA, Bouchard BN, Vijayasaradhi S, Yuasa H, Houghton AN. Antigens of melanocytes and melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1991; 10:141-50. [PMID: 1873854 DOI: 10.1007/bf00049411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a valuable model to study phenotypic traits that are regulated during cell differentiation and malignant transformation. Melanoma cells display extensive phenotypic and antigenic heterogeneity. Studies of this attribute have provided insight into events that take place during normal melanocyte differentiation and give clues to traits that contribute to malignancy. It is possible that the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity present among melanoma cells within a single lesion includes a subset of cells with traits that favor tumor progression and metastasis. This review discusses the identification and characterization of antigens expressed by melanoma cells and their potential contribution to melanocyte differentiation and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cornell University Medical College, New York
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5
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Cuomo M, Nicotra MR, Apollonj C, Fraioli R, Giacomini P, Natali PG. Production and characterization of the murine monoclonal antibody 2G10 to a human T4-tyrosinase epitope. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 96:446-51. [PMID: 1706743 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Employing as immunogen a short-term passaged, highly pigmented human melanoma cell line, we have produced the murine MoAb 2G10 of the IgG1 isotype. The antibody immunoprecipitated from 35S-methionine and 3H-glucosamine metabolically labeled human melanoma cells with a single-chain glycoprotein of 75 kD molecular weight. No such molecule could be precipitated from murine melanomas. To further investigate the fine specificity of the MoAb, immunochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed. These studies demonstrated that MoAb 2G10 binds a significant fraction of tyrosinase activity from cell lysates, completely immunodepletes soluble cell extract of T4-tyrosinase molecules, and produces immunostaining patterns superimposable on those obtained with anti-T4-tyrosinase antibodies. Thus, MoAb 2G10 appears to recognize a human-specific determinant carried by either T4-tyrosinase or a closely related molecule. The functional relevance of this epitope remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuomo
- Institute for Histology and Embriology, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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6
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Fisfalen ME, Franklin WA, DeGroot LJ, Cajulis RS, Soltani K, Ryan M, Jones N. Expression of HLA ABC and DR antigens in thyroid neoplasia and correlation with mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. J Endocrinol Invest 1990; 13:41-8. [PMID: 2181018 DOI: 10.1007/bf03348579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rejection of tumor cells by the immune system depends on the production of tumor-associated antigens and the expression of HLA antigens on these cells. We therefore studied the expression of HLA ABC and DR antigens in malignant and benign thyroid disorders and correlated it with the types and extent of mononuclear cell infiltration. In the normal thyroid, HLA ABC expression was weak and focal, while it was diffusely present in benign disorders and in most but not all malignancies. HLA DR antigens, while absent or infrequently expressed in normal thyroid, were strongly but often focally expressed in all cases of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), as well as in most cases of malignant tumors and benign epithelium surrounding these tumors, and colloid nodule disease. There was a T cell predominance in all disorders, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was greater than 1 in most benign and malignant specimens. There was a direct correlation between the high expression of HLA antigens and dense inflammatory infiltration in AITD but not in most tumor specimens. Lack of such correlation suggests that the expression of HLA antigens is an autonomous event in tumors, independent of cellular infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fisfalen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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7
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West KP, Priyakumar P, Jagjivan R, Colloby PS. Can HLA-DR expression help in the routine diagnosis of malignant melanomas? Br J Dermatol 1989; 121:175-8. [PMID: 2775642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies, TAL-IB5 and LN3, directed at epitopes of HLA-DR were applied to a variety of benign naevi and malignant melanomas. Of the 31 naevi examined, 28 were completely unreactive. Weak staining was confined to a few cells in two intradermal naevi and there was more widespread reactivity in a halo naevus. Seven of the 25 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas were reactive with one or both of the antibodies and this reactivity was more marked in the deeper lesions. These positive cases were not felt to present diagnostic difficulties and it was concluded that TAL-IB5 and LN3 were not of use in distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P West
- Department of Pathology, Leicester University, U.K
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8
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Zaloudik J, Moore M, Ghosh AK, Mechl Z, Rejthar A. DNA content and MHC class II antigen expression in malignant melanoma: clinical course. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41:1078-84. [PMID: 3192729 PMCID: PMC1141691 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.41.10.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the clinical value of two comparatively new properties (DNA content and MHC class II antigen expression (HLA-DR, DP, DQ) of melanoma cells) which have been independently reported to reflect the outlook for patients with malignant melanoma, we investigated retrospectively 50 stage I nodular melanomas in two comparably homogeneous groups of 23 and 27 patients, the course of whose disease differed at five years. Flow cytometry and immunohistology were used on paraffin wax embedded archival material for the analysis of DNA ploidy and detection of class II antigens, respectively. A close association was found between class II antigen expression, detected by monoclonal antibody CR3/43 (antimonomorphic DR, DP, DQ) present in 23 of 50 (46%) melanomas and unfavourable clinical course (p less than 0.005, by log rank test), but no such association was found for DNA ploidy. It is suggested that immunohistology for MHC class II antigen expression may help to predict the behaviour of nodular melanomas whereas the prognostic value of DNA ploidy is more limited. The finding that class II positive cells are found predominantly in melanomas with a substantially increased risk of metastases has implications both for concepts of tumour heterogeneity and host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zaloudik
- Department of Immunology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester
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9
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van Vreeswijk H, Ruiter DJ, Bröcker EB, Welvaart K, Ferrone S. Differential expression of HLA-DR, DQ, and DP antigens in primary and metastatic melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 1988; 90:755-60. [PMID: 3283252 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12560951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-five primary and 33 metastatic surgically removed melanoma lesions were stained in indirect immunoperoxidase with anti HLA-DR, DQ, and DP monoclonal antibodies and with the monoclonal antibody CL203.4 to a 96-K melanoma associated antigen (MAA). The latter antigen may represent a marker to monitor susceptibility of melanoma cells to modulation by IFN-gamma, because it is highly susceptible to induction by IFN-gamma. In primary melanomas 44%, 29%, 10%, and 55% of the lesions tested were evidently stained by anti HLA-DR, DQ, DP, and 96-K MAA monoclonal antibodies, respectively. A statistically significant association (P less than 0.01) was demonstrated between the degree of intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate and the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens. In addition, a high degree of concordance in the reactivity pattern of individual lesions stained for HLA-DR antigens and for the 96-K MAA was found. In metastases 64%, 33%, 47%, and 100% of the lesions tested were evidently stained by anti HLA-DR, DQ, DP, and 96-K MAA monoclonal antibodies, respectively. This study indicates that HLA-DR and HLA-DP antigens are expressed in a higher percentage of metastatic than of primary melanomas and that there is no marked difference in the expression of HLA-DQ antigens between primary and metastatic melanomas. The data suggest that the regulatory mechanisms which control the expression of HLA-DR and DP antigens in primary and metastatic melanoma lesions are different. Locally produced IFN-gamma may play a role in the regulation of HLA Class II antigens in primary melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H van Vreeswijk
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Albino AP, Houghton AN, Eisinger M, Lee JS, Kantor RR, Oliff AI, Old LJ. Class II histocompatibility antigen expression in human melanocytes transformed by Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV) and Kirsten MSV retroviruses. J Exp Med 1986; 164:1710-22. [PMID: 2430046 PMCID: PMC2188468 DOI: 10.1084/jem.164.5.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human melanocytes infected with Ki-MSV or Ha-MSV, but not amphotropic MuLV, undergo a series of transformation-related changes that are characteristic of malignant melanoma. These are (a) expression of Ia antigens, in particular DP, DQ, and DR class II histocompatibility gene products, (b) a transformed morphology and ability to grow in soft agar, and (c) a 5-10-fold increase in the cell surface expression of GD3 ganglioside. However, other characteristics of melanoma, such as independence from specific growth factors and loss of adenosine deaminase binding protein were not observed. We conclude that viral ras oncogenes initiate early transformation events in melanocytes, and that Ia antigen expression is a transformation marker in this system.
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11
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Gambari R, Del Senno L, Barbieri R, Buzzoni D, Gustafsson K, Giacomini P, Natali PG. Lack of correlation between hypomethylation and expression of the HLA-DR alpha gene. Eur J Immunol 1986; 16:365-9. [PMID: 3457706 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830160409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation at the 5'-CCGG-3' sites of the HLA-DR alpha gene and relative flanking regions has been analyzed by Msp I and Hpa II enzymatic digestion in order to determine whether a correlation exists between DNA methylation and transcription of the HLA-DR alpha gene. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to the behavior of most eukaryotic genes, no positive correlation was found between hypomethylation and expression. In fact, HLA-DR alpha appears to be fully unmethylated at Msp I/Hpa II sites in K562 cells, not expressing DR molecules, and to exhibit a high degree of methylation in Colo 38 cells, which actively transcribe the gene. The unorthodox behavior of HLA-DR alpha is not unique to melanoma or erythroid cells since a similar, positive correlation between methylation and expression also exists when this analysis is extended to cell lines belonging to other histotypes.
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12
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Ruiter DJ, Dingjan GM, Steijlen PM, van Beveren-Hooyer M, de Graaff-Reitsma C, Bergman W, van Muijen GN, Warnaar SO. Monoclonal antibodies selected to discriminate between malignant melanomas and nevocellular nevi. J Invest Dermatol 1985; 85:4-8. [PMID: 3891875 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12274479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), PAL-M1 and PAL-M2, are described that were selected to discriminate between melanomas and nevocellular nevi (NN) in frozen sections. MoAb PAL-M1 reacted with all 15 melanoma metastases (MM), with 14 of 19 primary cutaneous melanomas (PCM), 9 of 35 dysplastic nevi (DN), and 2 of 26 NN. The 2 NN stained were removed from patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome. MoAb PAL-M2 reacted with 9 of 15 MM, 5 of 19 PCM, 3 of 35 DN, and did not react with 26 NN after usual staining conditions. The proportion of melanocytic cells stained was low in DN and much higher in PCM and especially in MM. Staining in DN was restricted to intraepidermal or subepidermal nests of atypical melanocytes. In PCM, staining with PAL-M2 was observed only in tumors with a Breslow thickness of 0.76 mm or higher. PAL-M1 and PAL-M2 may be immunohistochemical markers for tumor progression in melanocytic proliferations.
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13
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Sulitzeanu D. Human cancer-associated antigens: present status and implications for immunodiagnosis. Adv Cancer Res 1985; 44:1-42. [PMID: 3898737 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Reynier M, Lebec S, Rohner C, Kalil J, Aubert C. Ia-like antigen expression on biologically different human melanoma cell lines. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER & CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1984; 20:659-65. [PMID: 6376131 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(84)90013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ia-like antigen binding of a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (six anti-human Ia-like monoclonal antibodies and ten murine anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with human Ia-like antigens) were compared on seven permanent human melanoma cell lines by radioimmunoassay. Cell lines were initiated from primary or metastatic tumors and presented various levels of tumorigenicity (assessed by heterotransplantation in nude mice) and pigmentation (shown by 5-S-cysteinyldopa determination and cytological data). Two cell lines originated from the same primary melanoma, while two other pairs of cell lines originated from superficial spreading melanoma or metastatic lymph node of the same patients. Identical Ia-like allodeterminants were found in cell lines of the same individual origin. Quantitative expression of beta 2-microglobulin and Ia-like antigens was similar in all cell lines except for one, in which these molecules were expressed in lower amounts. These results indicate that Ia-like antigen expression of the cell lines is unrelated to primary or metastatic origin, degree of pigmentation and ability to grow in nude mice.
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15
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Doherty PC, Knowles BB, Wettstein PJ. Immunological surveillance of tumors in the context of major histocompatibility complex restriction of T cell function. Adv Cancer Res 1984; 42:1-65. [PMID: 6395653 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The immunological surveillance hypothesis was formulated prior to the realization of the fact that an individual's effector T cells generally only see neoantigen if it is appropriately presented in the context of self MHC glycoproteins. The biological consequence of this mechanism is that T lymphocytes are focused onto modified cell-surface rather than onto free antigen. The discovery of MHC-restricted T cell recognition, and the realization that T cell-mediated immunity is of prime importance in promoting recovery from infectious processes, has thus changed the whole emphasis of the surveillance argument. Though the immunological surveillance hypothesis generated considerable discussion and many good experiments, there is no point in continuing the debate in the intellectual context that seemed reasonable in 1970. It is now much more sensible to think of "natural surveillance" and "T cell surveillance," without excluding the probability that these two systems have elements in common. We can now see that T cell surveillance probably operates well in some situations, but is quite ineffective in many others. Part of the reason for this may be that the host response selects tumor clones that are modified so as to be no longer recognized by cytotoxic T cells. The possibility that this reflects changes in MHC phenotype has been investigated, and found to be the case, for some experimental tumors. In this regard, it is worth remembering that many "mutations" in MHC genes that completely change the spectrum of T cell recognition are serologically silent. The availability of molecular probes for investigating the status of MHC genes in tumor cells, together with the capacity to develop cloned T cell lines, monoclonal antibodies to putative tumor antigens, and cell lines transfected with genes coding for these molecules, indicates how T cell surveillance may profitably be explored further in both experimental and human situations.
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16
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Guerry D, Alexander MA, Herlyn MF, Zehngebot LM, Mitchell KF, Zmijewski CM, Lusk EJ. HLA-DR histocompatibility leukocyte antigens permit cultured human melanoma cells from early but not advanced disease to stimulate autologous lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1984; 73:267-71. [PMID: 6606651 PMCID: PMC425010 DOI: 10.1172/jci111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-DR histocompatibility antigens are commonly expressed by the melanocytes of melanoma and its precursors, but not by the melanocyte of normal skin. Further, the primary lesion of biologically early melanoma is commonly infiltrated with host T cells. Advanced disease is characterized by a paucity of such cells. To investigate the interaction of melanoma cells and autologous lymphocytes and its dependence on HLA-DR expression, we have established cell lines from biologically early (4 lines) and advanced disease (11 lines) and examined their capacity to stimulate blastogenesis of autologous T cells in vitro. Melanocytes from early disease expressed HLA-DR antigens and stimulated autologous T cells. Those from advanced disease, irrespective of DR expression, were nonstimulatory. To determine whether expression of DR was required for melanoma cells to be stimulatory, we first treated a stimulating cell line of DR3 allospecificity with anti-DR3-specific serum and demonstrated marked inhibition of its capacity to provoke blastogenesis. Next we used fluorescence-activated flow cytometry to sort a stimulating line heterogeneous for DR expression into DR-enriched and -depleted populations. When such cells were examined in the lymphocyte proliferation assay, their stimulatory capacity was proportional to their quantitative expression of HLA-DR. These studies indicate that cell lines may reflect important biological differences between early and advanced melanoma. HLA-DR expression may be an early event in neoplasia of melanocytes. These antigens are able to interact directly with autologous T cells; and their expression is necessary, but not sufficient, for melanoma cells to induce lymphocyte proliferation.
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17
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Natali PG, Segatto O, Ferrone S, Tosi R, Corte G. Differential tissue distribution and ontogeny of DC-1 and HLA-DR antigens. Immunogenetics 1984; 19:109-16. [PMID: 6421723 DOI: 10.1007/bf00387853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The tissue distribution and the ontogeny of DC-1 antigens have been investigated and compared with those of HLA-DR antigens. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining of surgically removed normal tissues from adults with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) BT3.4 has detected DC-1 antigens in tissues of various embryologic origin. The tissue distribution of DC-1 antigens is more restricted than that of HLA-DR antigens, as the former are not detected in duodenal epithelium, colon mucosa, and ductal mammary gland epithelium. In fetuses up to 26 weeks of age, DC-1 antigens were detected only on cortical and medullary thymic dendritic cells with an anatomic distribution similar to that of reticuloepithelial cells and in endothelial cells of the small intestine. At this stage of intrauterine life, HLA-DR antigens have already reached their full tissue distribution. The tissue distribution and the ontogeny of DC-1 antigens resemble those of their murine counterparts, i.e., the I-A antigens.
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18
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Natali PG, Giacomini P, Russo C, Steinbach G, Fenoglio C, Ferrone S. Antigenic profile of human melanoma cells. Analysis with monoclonal antibodies to histocompatibility antigens and to melanoma-associated antigens. J Cutan Pathol 1983; 10:225-37. [PMID: 6350388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1983.tb01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Khosravi MJ, Liao SK. Two-step enrichment of HLA-DR antigens from spent medium of human malignant melanoma culture by flotation and density separation procedures. IMMUNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1983; 12:387-96. [PMID: 6579021 DOI: 10.3109/08820138309050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DR antigens released by cultured human melanoma cells were harvested from spent medium. Antigenic activity was monitored by quantitative absorption analysis in the mixed hemadsorption assay using anti-HLA-DR rabbit antiserum. Following concentration by amicon filtration, and removal of insoluble components by centrifugation at 136,000 g, the spent medium was subjected to KBr (density, 1.23 g/ml) flotation. The antigenic material was enriched in the upper one-third fraction (lipoprotein-rich), by a factor of 7 with 79% recovery. Further purification of this upper fraction by sucrose (5-30%) density gradient resulted in a marked increase in antigenic activity in the bottom fraction (No. 6), by a factor of 167 with 56% recovery from the spent medium concentrate. Thus, these procedures offer a promising approach towards the isolation of HLA-DR antigens from shed material of cultured melanoma cells for further purification and structural studies.
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20
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Natali PG, Russo C, Ng AK, Nicotra MR, Apollonj C, Pellegrino MA, Ferrone S. Ontogeny of human Ia antigens. Cell Immunol 1982; 73:385-96. [PMID: 6218895 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(82)90465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Badaracco G, Corsi A, Maisto A, Natali PG, Starace G, Zupi G. Expression of tumor-associated antigens and kinetic profile of two in vitro human melanoma cell lines. CYTOMETRY 1981; 2:63-9. [PMID: 7285723 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The growth characteristics and the antigenic profile of two human melanoma established cell lines in vitro are reported. The growth curves of the two cell lines show some peculiar features which are also detected in their DNA distribution content. In the late stages of growth, in fact, the cell DNA content resumes the initial distribution, suggesting a partial recovery of the cell proliferating potential. When the two cell lines were tested by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies to human melanoma associated antigens, a rather constant expression of these epithopes was observed.
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