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Tersey SA, Bolanis E, Holman TR, Maloney DJ, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG. Minireview: 12-Lipoxygenase and Islet β-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:791-800. [PMID: 25803446 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin producing islet β-cells have increasingly gained attention for their role in the pathogeneses of virtually all forms of diabetes. Dysfunction, de-differentiation, and/or death of β-cells are pivotal features in the transition from normoglycemia to hyperglycemia in both animal models of metabolic disease and humans. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, inflammation appears to be a central cause of β-cell derangements, and molecular pathways that modulate inflammation or the inflammatory response are felt to be prime targets of future diabetes therapy. The lipoxygenases (LOs) represent a class of enzymes that oxygenate cellular polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce inflammatory lipid intermediates that directly and indirectly affect cellular function and survival. The enzyme 12-LO is expressed in all metabolically active tissues, including pancreatic islets, and has received increasing attention for its role in promoting cellular inflammation in the setting of diabetes. Genetic deletion models of 12-LO in mice reveal striking protection from metabolic disease and its complications and an emerging body of literature has implicated its role in human disease. This review focuses on the evidence supporting the proinflammatory role of 12-LO as it relates to islet β-cells, and the potential for 12-LO inhibition as a future avenue for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Tersey
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Esther Bolanis
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - David J Maloney
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Departments of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (S.A.T., R.G.M.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B., R.G.M.), Medicine (R.G.M.), and Cellular and Integrative Physiology (R.G.M.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (T.R.H.), University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (D.J.M.), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850; and Department of Medicine and the Strelitz Diabetes Center (J.L.N.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
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Amisten S, Salehi A, Rorsman P, Jones PM, Persaud SJ. An atlas and functional analysis of G-protein coupled receptors in human islets of Langerhans. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:359-91. [PMID: 23694765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate hormone secretion from islets of Langerhans, and recently developed therapies for type-2 diabetes target islet GLP-1 receptors. However, the total number of GPCRs expressed by human islets, as well as their function and interactions with drugs, is poorly understood. In this review we have constructed an atlas of all GPCRs expressed by human islets: the 'islet GPCRome'. We have used this atlas to describe how islet GPCRs interact with their endogenous ligands, regulate islet hormone secretion, and interact with drugs known to target GPCRs, with a focus on drug/receptor interactions that may affect insulin secretion. The islet GPCRome consists of 293 GPCRs, a majority of which have unknown effects on insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion. The islet GPCRs are activated by 271 different endogenous ligands, at least 131 of which are present in islet cells. A large signalling redundancy was also found, with 119 ligands activating more than one islet receptor. Islet GPCRs are also the targets of a large number of clinically used drugs, and based on their coupling characteristics and effects on receptor signalling we identified 107 drugs predicted to stimulate and 184 drugs predicted to inhibit insulin secretion. The islet GPCRome highlights knowledge gaps in the current understanding of islet GPCR function, and identifies GPCR/ligand/drug interactions that might affect insulin secretion, which are important for understanding the metabolic side effects of drugs. This approach may aid in the design of new safer therapeutic agents with fewer detrimental effects on islet hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Amisten
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Genovese T, Mazzon E, Rossi A, Di Paola R, Cannavò G, Muià C, Crisafulli C, Bramanti P, Sautebin L, Cuzzocrea S. Involvement of 5-lipoxygenase in spinal cord injury. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 166:55-64. [PMID: 16019083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a sequelae of events which conduce biochemical and cellular alterations. Here we compare the degree of spinal cord injury caused by the application of vascular clips, in mice lacking the 5-lipoxygenase and in the corresponding wild-type mice. Biochemical, immunohistochemical and functional studies revealed respectively an increase of neutrophils infiltration, of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha immunoreactivity, apoptosis (measured by Annexin-V staining) and loss of hind legs movement in SCI operated 5-LO wild-type mice. In contrast, the degree of (1) neutrophil infiltration at different time points, (2) cytokine expression (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta), (3) histological damage, (4) apoptosis, was markedly reduced in the tissues obtained from SCI operated 5-LO deficient mice and (5) the motor recovery was ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Dipartimento Clinico Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Messina, Italy
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Natsui K, Ueda N, Yamamoto S, Komatsu N, Watanabe K. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase of porcine pancreas: its localization in acinar cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1085:241-7. [PMID: 1892894 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90100-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase has been found so far in various types of leukocyte. When a homogenate of porcine pancreas was incubated with arachidonic acid, 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid was predominantly produced concomitant with small amounts of compounds derived from leukotriene A4. After differential centrifugation of the homogenate, the 5-lipoxygenase activity was found predominantly in the 1000 x g pellet and 105,000 x g supernatant. When porcine pancreas was investigated immunohistochemically with anti-5-lipoxygenase antibody, Langerhans islets were unstained, and infiltration of 5-lipoxygenase-positive leukocytes was hardly observed. In contrast, acinar cells were positively stained. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the localization of the enzyme along the nuclear membranes of the acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Natsui
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan
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