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Park Y, Lee K, Kim SW, Lee MW, Kim B, Lee SG. Effects of Induced Exosomes from Endometrial Cancer Cells on Tumor Activity in the Presence of Aurea helianthus Extract. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082207. [PMID: 33921245 PMCID: PMC8068874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) cells metastasize to various regions, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, blood, liver, bone, and brain. Various carcinogens are known to cause EC. Exosomes are released from several types of cells and contain various cellular components. In this study, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR were used to evaluate marker levels, cell migration, cell invasion, and mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular senescence tests were used to estimate cancer activity. The microRNAs were profiled using next-generation sequencing. Although tocopherol-α and rutin content in Aurea helianthus is high, A. helianthus extract was more useful in modulating tumor activity compared to the two aforementioned substances. Notably, we established that the extract induced bioactive exosomes in EC cells, and profiling of miRNAs in the extract-inducing exosomes (EIE) indicated their potency to be developed as a biological drug. The extract and EIE contributed to the following five biological process categories for EC cells: (1) cell migration and invasion suppression, (2) cellular senescence activation by attenuating mitochondrial membrane potential and enhancing autophagy, (3) reproductive cancer activity attenuation, (4) drug susceptibility activation, and (5) EIE containing miRNAs associated with decreasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjin Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.P.); (S.W.K.); (M.W.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Life Together, 13 Gongdan-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Lee
- Mitosbio, 13 Gongdan-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.P.); (S.W.K.); (M.W.L.)
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.P.); (S.W.K.); (M.W.L.)
| | - Boyong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.P.); (S.W.K.); (M.W.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Life Together, 13 Gongdan-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Gangwon, Korea
- Mitosbio, 13 Gongdan-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Gangwon, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (S.G.L.); Tel.: +82-10-9105-1435 (B.K. & S.G.L.)
| | - Seung Gwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (Y.P.); (S.W.K.); (M.W.L.)
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (S.G.L.); Tel.: +82-10-9105-1435 (B.K. & S.G.L.)
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Zhou Y, Wang W, Wei R, Jiang G, Li F, Chen X, Wang X, Long S, Ma D, Xi L. Serum bradykinin levels as a diagnostic marker in cervical cancer with a potential mechanism to promote VEGF expression via BDKRB2. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:131-141. [PMID: 31059006 PMCID: PMC6561625 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is one of the kinin peptides and preferentially binds to bradykinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2). A recent study indicated that BK played an important role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. In this study, we evaluated the serum BK levels in 130 cervical cancer (CC) cases (including 65 cases with pre- and post-surgery paired samples, another 65 cases with only pre-surgery samples), 35 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases (pre- and post-surgery paired) and 35 control cases. We found that BK was overexpressed in patients with CC compared to patients with CIN and the control group. When combined with squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCCA), the diagnostic efficacy of BK was prominently enhanced. Moreover, we detected the expression level of the BK receptor BDKRB2 in CC, CIN and normal cervical tissues and observed a higher expression in the CC and CIN tissues than in the normal cervix. We then explored the possible mechanisms of action of BK in promoting the progression of CC. When BK was added to the cell culture medium, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) angiogenesis increased and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in CC cell lines was also elevated. The BK antagonist, HOE140, exerted an opposite effect. The knockdown or the overexpression of BDKRB2 in CC cell lines further confirmed its oncogenic role in angiogenesis. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that BK may be a diagnostic biomarker for CC and may notably improve the diagnostic efficacy when combined with SCCA. BK promotes the progression of CC by upregulating the expression of VEGF via BDKRB2 and subsequently facilitating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guiying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sixiang Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Ueda Y, Enomoto T, Kimura T, Miyatake T, Yoshino K, Fujita M, Kimura T. Serum biomarkers for early detection of gynecologic cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1312-27. [PMID: 24281117 PMCID: PMC3835131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2021312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers are three of the most common malignancies of the female reproductive organs. CA 125, historically the most reliable serum marker for ovarian cancer, is elevated in 50% of early-stage ovarian tumors. For endometrial cancers, there are no established serum markers. SCC, which is the best studied serum marker for squamous cell carcinomas, has been unreliable; SCC is elevated in cervical squamous cell carcinomas ranging from 28–85% of the time. Recent proteomics-based analyses show great promise for the discovery of new and more useful biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss the currently utilized serum tumor markers for gynecologic cancers and the novel biomarkers that are now under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Hefler L, Frischmuth K, Heinze G, Sliutz G, Leodolter S, Reinthaller A, Kainz C, Tempfer C. Serum concentrations of squamous-cell carcinoma antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen in the follow-up of patients with vulvar cancer. Int J Cancer 1999; 83:167-70. [PMID: 10471522 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991008)83:2<167::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum concentrations of squamous-cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in the follow-up of patients with vulvar cancer. We measured SCC-Ag and TPA in 480 serum samples of 82 patients with squamous-cell vulvar cancer. Results were correlated with clinical data. SCC-Ag, TPA and the combination of SCC-Ag and TPA reached a sensitivity and specificity of 27%/97%, 28%/75% and 40%/73%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the marker combination SCC-Ag and TPA was not significantly higher compared with SCC-Ag alone (McNemar's test, p = 0.6 and p = 0.09, respectively). Of the 35 patients with recurrent disease during follow-up, 19, 6 and 10 developed local, regional and distant recurrent disease, respectively. SCC-Ag showed lead-time effects in 26%, 75% and 50% and TPA in 25%, 0% and 33% of patients with local, regional and distant recurrent disease, respectively. The combination of SCC-Ag and TPA showed lead-time effects in 50%, 75% and 50% of patients with local, regional and distant recurrent disease, respectively. The difference between median lead-times of the combination of SCC-Ag and TPA and SCC-Ag alone was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.4). Our data show that serum SCC-Ag displays good sensitivity/specificity characteristics in the follow-up of vulvar cancer patients, with lead-time effects seen in 75% and 50% of patients with regional and distant recurrent disease, respectively. Furthermore, our data indicate that combining SCC-Ag with TPA is not a successful strategy to improve the sensitivity or the duration of lead-time effects in the follow-up of patients with vulvar cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hefler
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
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Yamawaki T, Takeshima N, Shimizu Y, Teshima H, Hasumi K. Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen as tumor markers of vulvar cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1996; 22:341-6. [PMID: 8870416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1996.tb00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are useful as tumor markers of vulvar cancer. METHODS The serum levels of SCC antigen and CEA were determined for 30 patients with invasive vulvar carcinoma. RESULTS There was a significant difference not only between tumor sizes of 2 cm or larger and those of less than 2 cm (p < 0.001), but also between patients with lymph node metastasis and patients free from it (p < 0.001). Tumor marker levels well reflected the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The sensitivity to recurrence was 63%, and the specificity was 94%. In 2 of 8 recurrent cases, it was only the re-increase in tumor markers that indicated the recurrence. CONCLUSION The measurement of serum levels of SCC antigen and CEA is useful not only for preoperative evaluation of the risk of lymph node metastasis, but also for the detection of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamawaki
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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el-Ahmady O, Halim AB, Mansour O, Salman T, el-Din AG, Walker RP. Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP) in Egyptian patients with benign and advanced malignant urological disease. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:1486-90. [PMID: 8664117 PMCID: PMC2074546 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP) levels were determined in urine samples from 450 Egyptian subjects to determine its relative level of expression in benign and malignant urological disease, and normal individuals. The mean UGP level in patients with bladder cancer was 44-fold higher than in patients with benign disease, and 81-fold higher than in normal individuals. At specificities of 95% and 100%, overall sensitivities of 73% and 60%, respectively, were observed for the detection of malignant disease. Mean UGP levels in patients with bladder cancer were significantly correlated with the stage and grade of malignant disease but did not vary significantly when stratified according to histological type of disease, nodal involvement or bilharzial association. UGP could be a potentially useful marker for the differentiation of benign from malignant urological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O el-Ahmady
- Tumor Marker Oncology Research Center, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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von Kleist S, Walker B, Walker R. Assessment of urinary gonadotropin in solid carcinomas other than gynecological tumors. J Clin Lab Anal 1996; 10:184-92. [PMID: 8811461 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(1996)10:4<184::aid-jcla3>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To the already long list of existing tumor markers, a new marker has been recently added, the urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP). This marker is determined in the urine of cancer patients and is considered to be particularly specific for ovarian carcinomas. The purpose of our study was to assess the specificity of UGP in a variety of malignancies other than ovarian carcinomas, e.g., breast, colonic, lung, and urogenital tumors (n = 50 each). The tumors were compared with benign lesions of the same organs. Urine samples of 50 healthy donors served as controls. The 450 urine samples were tested in duplicate using the UGP EIA-kit from Ciba Corning Diagnostics. All tumors were staged and histologically classified. For normalization in all samples, creatinine levels were determined. UGP was found in all tested tumors, however, with very low sensitivity of 20% in urogenital tumors, 46% in lung, and 30% or 27% in colon and breast carcinomas, respectively. The specificity of UGP was comprised between 100% (breast) and 88%. Clearly elevated UGP-concentrations were seen in postmenopausal women. A comparison of UGP with the optimal markers for each tumor system showed that UGP is not superior to these markers. However, we can confirm UGP as being an optimal marker for gynecological carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S von Kleist
- Institute of Immunology of the University, Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
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Plebani M, Navaglia F, Bacelle L, Polonio S, Lazzari F, Marchetti M. Urinary gonadotropin peptide: collection of specimens and cutoff levels. J Clin Lab Anal 1995; 9:230-3. [PMID: 7562239 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.1860090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-molecular-weight form of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP), has been isolated from the urine of pregnant women and of patients with cancer, mainly of gynecological origin. The clinical value of UGP measurement in gynecological diseases is under investigation but a preliminary study is necessary in order to ascertain whether there is a circadian rhythm in UGP production, to clarify the best way to express the results, and to establish the cutoff and decisional values. In our work we demonstrated a significant correlation between the UGP output and the UGP excretion normalized for urinary creatinine. A very significant agreement was even found in 24-hr urine collections and UGP concentration of a single morning specimen from the same patients. No evident circadian rhythm was found, although some patients presented morning levels of UGP higher than in other collections. UGP postmenopausal levels were higher than premenopausal. The cutoff level, adopting the 95.0 percentile, was 200 pmol/mol creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Neven P, Iles RK, Lee CL, Hudson CN, Shepherd JH, Chard T. Urinary chorionic gonadotropin subunits and beta-core in nonpregnant women. A study of benign and malignant gynecologic disorders. Cancer 1993; 71:4124-30. [PMID: 7685240 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<4124::aid-cncr2820711252>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of urinary excretion products of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been proposed as a tumor marker. To ascertain the clinical value in gynecologic cancers, the authors studied 612 nonpregnant women. METHODS Three different assays in four clinical groups were compared: no disease, benign disease, malignant disease, and complete remission of previously treated malignant disease. The assays were for the urinary beta-core, "total" beta-hCG, and free alpha-subunit. RESULTS Measurement of the alpha-subunit was of no obvious clinical value. In some patients with benign disease, hCG metabolites were elevated. In the 141 patients with active gynecologic malignancy the sensitivity of the total beta-hCG assay was 47% and that of the beta-core assay was 36%. The specificities were 80.3% and 90.4%, respectively. Advanced cancers generally had higher levels of total beta-hCG and beta-core. Squamous cell and poorly differentiated cervical tumors had higher levels of total beta-hCG than did adenocarcinomas and well-differentiated cervical tumors. Invasive, serous, endometrioid, and germ cell ovarian tumors had higher total beta-hCG, beta-core, and alpha-subunit levels than did borderline, mucinous, and clear cell ovarian tumors. Six of 16 patients with disease in complete remission had elevated levels. CONCLUSION The excretion of hCG and its metabolic fragments is a common event in gynecologic cancer, but sensitivity and specificity are low, and there is little consistent relationship between tumor stage and histologic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neven
- Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London
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