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Ritzel D, Altrichter S. Chronic Inducible Urticaria. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:439-452. [PMID: 38937008 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) is characterized by the appearance of hives (urticaria) and/or angioedema in response to specific triggers or stimuli. For accurate diagnosis, anamnesis-driven specific, and if available, standardized trigger testings, as well as patient reported outcomes, should be applied. The currently recommended treatment algorithm is the same as for chronic spontaneous urticaria but is largely off-label for CIndU. New, and possibly more disease-specific, treatment options are needed for CIndU patients, who are often severely impacted by their disease. Several clinical trials are currently ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Ritzel
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Urticaria Center of Excellence and Reference (UCARE), Linz, Austria
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Urticaria Center of Excellence and Reference (UCARE), Linz, Austria; Center for medical research, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Alrafiaah AS, Netchiporouk E, Ben-Shoshan M. Cold-induced anaphylaxis triggered by drinking cold water. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:45-47. [PMID: 38459889 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i2.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cold urticaria is an inducible urticaria in which hives and angioedema appear after exposure to cold. The symptoms of cold urticaria often are limited to hives/angioedema. However, in up to 20% of cases, cold exposure may trigger anaphylaxis. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy previously diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria who developed facial swelling, itchy hives, difficulty in breathing, vomiting and abdominal pain within 5 minutes of drinking cold water. He received a standard dose of non-sedating second-generation antihistamines at home. He was observed in the emergency room for 2 hours and discharged with an epinephrin autoinjector. During the subsequent outpatient clinic visit, an ice cube test was performed which confirmed the new diagnosis of comorbid cold-induced chronic urticaria. On further questioning, the parents reported occurrence of hives following swimming in the swimming pool. Cold-induced urticaria should be suspected in cases of anaphylaxis associated with cold exposure. Patients with chronic forms of urticaria who present with new anaphylaxis should be assessed for a potential concomitant cold-induced form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S Alrafiaah
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Pediatric, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Soria A. Chronic inducible urticaria a particular form of chronic urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:452-453. [PMID: 38391218 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Soria
- Médecine Sorbonne Université, Service de Dermatologie et Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
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4
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Karabag Citlak H, Azkur D, Kavas Yildiz Y, Demirel AC, Kot H, Vezir E, Kilic M, Usta Guc B, Kilic M, Yakici N, Kocabas CN, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Civelek E, Orhan F. Cold-induced urticaria in children: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023; 44:e36-e43. [PMID: 37919847 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2023.44.230050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Studies of cold-induced urticaria (ColdU) in pediatric patients are limited and not well characterized. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of ColdU in children. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective chart review was performed in children ages ≤18 years diagnosed with ColdU at 11 pediatric allergy and immunology centers in Turkey between September 1, 2010, and August 31, 2022. Results: A total of 83 children with ColdU were included, 54.2% were girls, and the mean age of symptom onset was 8.8 years. The median duration of ColdU at the time of diagnosis was significantly higher in the girls than in the boys (1.0 years [0.0-13.8 years] versus 0.3 years [0.0-15.0 years]; p = 0.007). All the patients underwent an ice cube test, and 71.1% were found positive (typical ColdU). The mean ± standard deviation age of onset was significantly higher in the patients with typical ColdU versus atypical patients (9.4 ± 4.5 years versus 7.3 ± 4.5 years; p = 0.041). Swimming alone and in combination with the wind were significantly the most reported triggers in patients with cold-induced anaphylaxis (ColdA) when compared with patients with ColdU and with nonanaphylactic symptoms (70.0% versus 28.9% [p = 0.022], and 50.0% versus 4.1% [p < 0.001], respectively). Only patients with other chronic urticaria were found to be associated with the development of typical ColdU (p = 0.036). The median total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was significantly higher in typical ColdU than in atypical patients (72.5 IU/mL [3.86 - 2500 IU/mL] versus 30.0 IU/mL [0.83 - 1215 IU/mL]; p = 0.007); however, total serum IgE differences were not found to affect ColdU resolution between the two groups (p = 0.204). The resolution was documented in 30.4%. Conclusion: Those who were boys and had a positive ice cube test result could have an association with earlier onset of ColdU. Those swimming alone on a windy day were at highest risk for ColdA. It is still unclear what characteristics are associated with the resolution of ColdU, and this warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Karabag Citlak
- From the Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Dilek Azkur
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Kavas Yildiz
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Can Demirel
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Bilkent City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kot
- From the Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Emine Vezir
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Belgin Usta Guc
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Adana City Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kilic
- Pediatric Immunology and Allergy practitioner, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nalan Yakici
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey, and
| | - Can Naci Kocabas
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Sıtkı Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Emine Dibek Misirlioglu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Bilkent City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersoy Civelek
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Bilkent City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fazil Orhan
- From the Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Tomei L, Saretta F, Arasi S, Sarti L, Licari A, Giovannini M, Barni S, Liccioli G, Tallarico V, Piccorossi A, Caffarelli C, Novembre E, Mori F. Cold Anaphylaxis in Children: Italian Case Series and Review of the Literature. Diseases 2023; 11:143. [PMID: 37873787 PMCID: PMC10594430 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is one of the most common skin disorders worldwide. Among the inducible subgroup of CU, cold urticaria (ColdU) can affect both children and adults and is the only type associated with the risk of anaphylaxis without cofactors. In the scientific literature, data about cold anaphylaxis (ColdA) are poor, especially at pediatric age, and little is known about risk factors associated with the onset of systemic reactions and about the criteria for prescribing adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs) in these patients. We describe the clinical characteristics and management of a case series of 21 patients with a history of ColdA, and we compare them with the pediatric case reports and case series published so far. On the basis of the scientific literature and of our case series of patients, we suggest that AAI should be prescribed to all high-risk patients: those with urticaria caused by cold-water immersion, oropharyngeal reactions, and with a previous history of systemic symptoms or anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tomei
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Saretta
- Pediatric Department, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialties Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Liccioli
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Tallarico
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital Renato Dulbecco, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Medicine and Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
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6
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Diaz VL, Gribbons KB, Yazdi-Nejad K, Kuemmerle-Deschner J, Wanderer AA, Broderick L, Hoffman HM. Cold Urticaria Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2275-2285. [PMID: 37290539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold urticaria is a chronic condition causing episodic symptoms of cold-induced wheals or angioedema in response to direct or indirect exposure to cold temperatures. Whereas symptoms of cold urticaria are typically benign and self-limiting, severe systemic anaphylactic reactions are possible. Acquired, atypical, and hereditary forms have been described, each with variable triggers, symptoms, and responses to therapy. Clinical testing, including response to cold stimulation, helps define disease subtypes. More recently, monogenic disorders characterized by atypical forms of cold urticaria have been described. Here, we review the different forms of cold-induced urticaria and related syndromes and propose a diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in making a timely diagnosis for the appropriate management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | | | | | - Jasmin Kuemmerle-Deschner
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology and Autoinflammation Reference Center Tuebingen, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Member of European Reference Network (ERN-RITA), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alan A Wanderer
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo
| | - Lori Broderick
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, Calif; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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7
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Migliarino V, Badina L, Berti I, Lega S, Barbi E. Uncommon urticaria. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2022; 107:426-429. [PMID: 34083215 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-321828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Badina
- Pediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Irene Berti
- Pediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Lega
- Pediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Pediatric Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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8
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Soyoz O, Sancakli O, Celik F, Boluk S, Taskirdi I, Haci I, Kaya M, Demir A, Karkiner C, Can D. Cold urticaria in children may be the cause of anaphylaxis: Clinical findings of our patients. REVUE FRANÇAISE D'ALLERGOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Du-Thanh A, Soria A, Amsler E, Badaoui A, Doutre MS, Gabison G, Bernier C, Staumont-Sallé D, Hacard F, Castelain F, Darrigade AS, Tapsoba GPML, Sarre ME, Mathelier-Fusade P, Delaunay J, Pralong P, Barbaud A, Dezoteux F, Trémeau-Martinage C, Bachtarzi Z, Augey F. Discrepancies in the management of acquired cold contact urticaria: Results of a French-speaking urticaria experts questionnaire survey. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100688. [PMID: 36092949 PMCID: PMC9421398 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired cold contact urticaria (ACU) is a putatively serious condition, because of the risk of anaphylactic shock whenever patients are massively exposed to cold atmosphere/water, raising the question of the prescription of an “emergency kit” with oral antihistamines and epinephrine auto-injector. We performed an online survey to evaluate how French-speaking urticaria experts manage ACU. According to the 2016 consensus recommendations on chronic inducible urticarias, all the participants perform at least 1 of the available provocation tests and 84.2%, 77.8%, and 88.9% prescribe on-label use of second generation anti-H1 antihistamines (2GAH1) as a first line treatment, updosed 2GAH1 as a second line treatment, and omalizumab as a third line treatment, respectively. Interestingly, 44.4% of the practitioners always prescribe a continuous background treatment, versus 11.1% prescribing only on-demand therapy. Also, 11.7% of participants always prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector, 70.6% sometimes do, and 17.6% never do. Finally, 89.5% authorize swimming under strict conditions but 36.8% and 68.4% contra-indicate other water sports and occupational cold exposure, respectively.
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Ahsan DM, Altrichter S, Gutsche A, Bernstein JA, Altunergil T, Brockstaedt M, Maurer M, Weller K, Terhorst‐Molawi D. Development of the Cold Urticaria Activity Score. Allergy 2022; 77:2509-2519. [PMID: 35403217 DOI: 10.1111/all.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a form of inducible urticaria where cold induces wheals and/or angioedema. The burden of disease is high and linked to trigger thresholds, exposure, and avoidance. There are presently no validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess and monitor disease activity. Our objective was to develop a disease-specific activity score for ColdU that is easy to administer and evaluate. METHODS A Cold Urticaria Activity Score (ColdUAS) questionnaire was developed, directed by PROM developing guidelines. After the generation of a conceptional framework, the item generation phase included the literature research on ColdU signs and symptoms and on comparable tools for similar diseases and 47 ColdU patient interviews. Subsequently, an impact analysis for content validity was performed. The final selection of items underwent expert review for face validity and cognitive debriefing. RESULTS The ColdUAS, a self-administered questionnaire for the prospective assessment of disease activity in patients with ColdU, consists of 4 items: 1. the frequency and severity of the signs (wheals and/or angioedema), 2. the frequency and severity of the symptoms (e.g., itch and burn), 3. the exposure to specific triggers, and 4. the avoidance of these triggers. The recall period for each item is the last 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The ColdUAS is the first disease-specific PROM to assess ColdU disease activity. It may help to better assess patients' disease status in routine clinical practice as well as in clinical trials. Anchor-based approaches are currently used to validate the ColdUAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Melina Ahsan
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Kepler University Hospital Linz Austria
| | - Annika Gutsche
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Tatjana Altunergil
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Maxi Brockstaedt
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Karsten Weller
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Dorothea Terhorst‐Molawi
- Institute of Allergology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
- Institute of Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine Medical Department Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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11
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Bizjak M, Košnik M, Dinevski D, Thomsen SF, Fomina D, Borzova E, Kulthanan K, Meshkova R, Ahsan DM, Al‐Ahmad M, Altrichter S, Bauer A, Brockstädt M, Costa C, Demir S, Fachini Criado R, Ensina LF, Gelincik A, Giménez‐Arnau AM, Gonçalo M, Gotua M, Holm JG, Inomata N, Kasperska‐Zajac A, Khoshkhui M, Klyucharova A, Kocatürk E, Lu R, Makris M, Maltseva N, Miljković J, Pasali M, Paulino M, Pesqué D, Peter J, Ramón GD, Ritchie C, Rodrigues Valle SO, Rudenko M, Sikora A, Souza Lima EM, Wagner N, Xepapadaki P, Xue X, Zhao Z, Terhorst‐Molawi D, Maurer M. Risk factors for systemic reactions in typical cold urticaria: Results from the COLD-CE study. Allergy 2021; 77:2185-2199. [PMID: 34862605 DOI: 10.1111/all.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold urticaria (ColdU), that is, the occurrence of wheals or angioedema in response to cold exposure, is classified into typical and atypical forms. The diagnosis of typical ColdU relies on whealing in response to local cold stimulation testing (CST). It can also manifest with cold-induced anaphylaxis (ColdA). We aimed to determine risk factors for ColdA in typical ColdU. METHODS An international, cross-sectional study COLD-CE was carried out at 32 urticaria centers of reference and excellence (UCAREs). Detailed history was taken and CST with an ice cube and/or TempTest® performed. ColdA was defined as an acute cold-induced involvement of the skin and/or visible mucosal tissue and at least one of: cardiovascular manifestations, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS Of 551 ColdU patients, 75% (n = 412) had a positive CST and ColdA occurred in 37% (n = 151) of the latter. Cold-induced generalized wheals, angioedema, acral swelling, oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms, and itch of earlobes were identified as signs/symptoms of severe disease. ColdA was most commonly provoked by complete cold water immersion and ColdA caused by cold air was more common in countries with a warmer climate. Ten percent (n = 40) of typical ColdU patients had a concomitant chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). They had a lower frequency of ColdA than those without CSU (4% vs. 39%, p = .003). We identified the following risk factors for cardiovascular manifestations: previous systemic reaction to a Hymenoptera sting, angioedema, oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms, and itchy earlobes. CONCLUSION ColdA is common in typical ColdU. High-risk patients require education about their condition and how to use an adrenaline autoinjector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Bizjak
- Division of Allergy Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Golnik Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia
| | - Mitja Košnik
- Division of Allergy Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Golnik Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Dejan Dinevski
- Faculty of Medicine University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Bispebjerg HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Daria Fomina
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Center of Allergy and ImmunologyClinical State Hospital 52Moscow Ministry of Healthcare Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elena Borzova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Clinical Genetics Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Faculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Raisa Meshkova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Smolensk State Medical University Smolensk Russian Federation
| | - Dalia Melina Ahsan
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Mona Al‐Ahmad
- Microbiology Department Faculty of Medicine Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Kuwait University Safat Kuwait
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Comprehensive Allergy CenterKepler University Hospital Linz Austria
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)University Allergy CenterUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnical University Dresden Germany
| | - Maxi Brockstädt
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Célia Costa
- Immunoallergology Department Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Hospital de Santa MariaCHULN Lisbon Portugal
| | - Semra Demir
- Division of Allergy Department of Internal Medicine Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Roberta Fachini Criado
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC)Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Santo André Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ensina
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Asli Gelincik
- Division of Allergy Department of Internal Medicine Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ana Maria Giménez‐Arnau
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Hospital del MarIMIMUniversitat Autònoma Barcelona Spain
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Clinic of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maia Gotua
- Center of Allergy and ImmunologyUrticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Tbilsi Georgia
| | - Jesper Grønlund Holm
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Bispebjerg HospitalUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Naoko Inomata
- Department of Environmental Immuno‐Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Alicja Kasperska‐Zajac
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases European Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of UrticariaUrticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Dermatology and Allergology of Medical University of Silesia Zabrze Poland
| | - Maryam Khoshkhui
- Allergy Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Aliya Klyucharova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Republican Center of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyUrticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Republican Clinical HospitalKazan State Medical University Kazan Russian Federation
- Department of Fundamental Principles of Clinical Medicine Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology (IFMB) of Kazan Federal University Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Emek Kocatürk
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Koç University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
| | - Rongbiao Lu
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)National and Kapodistrian University of AthensUniversity General Hospital “Attikon” Athens Greece
| | - Natalya Maltseva
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Center of Allergy and ImmunologyClinical State Hospital 52Moscow Ministry of Healthcare Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Maria Pasali
- Allergy Unit Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)National and Kapodistrian University of AthensUniversity General Hospital “Attikon” Athens Greece
| | - Marisa Paulino
- Immunoallergology Department Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Hospital de Santa MariaCHULN Lisbon Portugal
| | - David Pesqué
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Hospital del MarIMIMUniversitat Autònoma Barcelona Spain
| | - Jonny Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Medicine Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Allergy and Immunology Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute Cape Town South Africa
| | - German Dario Ramón
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Instituto de Alergia e Inmunologia del Sur Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carla Ritchie
- Adults and Pediatrics Allergy Unit Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Solange Oliveira Rodrigues Valle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Service Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Michael Rudenko
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)London Allergy and Immunology Centre London UK
| | - Agnieszka Sikora
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases European Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of UrticariaUrticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Dermatology and Allergology of Medical University of Silesia Zabrze Poland
| | - Eduardo M. Souza Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA)Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Hospital Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Nicola Wagner
- Department of Dermatology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)University Hospital of ErlangenUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg (FAU) Germany
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Unit 2nd Pediatric Clinic Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece
| | - Xiaoyang Xue
- Department of General Practice Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Community Health Service Center Guangzhou City China
| | - Zuotao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE)Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune DiseasesPeking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Dorothea Terhorst‐Molawi
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) Institute for Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlin Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology Berlin Germany
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Ginter K, Ahsan DM, Bizjak M, Krause K, Maurer M, Altrichter S, Terhorst-Molawi D. Cryoglobulins, Cryofibrinogens, and Cold Agglutinins in Cold Urticaria: Literature Review, Retrospective Patient Analysis, and Observational Study in 49 Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675451. [PMID: 34113348 PMCID: PMC8186313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryoproteins, such as cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens and cold agglutinins, precipitate at low temperatures or agglutinate erythrocytes and dissolve again when warmed. Their pathogenetic and diagnostic importance in cold urticaria (ColdU) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the prevalence of cryoproteins in patients with ColdU. Methods We conducted 3 analyses: i) a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for case series, ii) a retrospective analysis of 293 ColdU patients treated at our Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) from 2014 to 2019, and iii) a prospective observational study, from July 2019 to July 2020, with 49 ColdU patients as defined by the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/UNEV consensus recommendations. Results Our systematic review identified 14 relevant studies with a total of 1151 ColdU patients. The meta-analyses showed that 3.0% (19/628), 1.1% (4/357) and 0.7% (2/283) of patients had elevated levels of cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens and cold agglutinins, respectively. Our retrospective analyses showed that cryoproteins were assessed in 4.1% (12/293) of ColdU patients. None of 9 ColdU patients had cryoglobulins, and one of 5 had cold agglutinins. In our prospective study, none of our patients had detectable cryoglobulins (0/48) or cryofibrinogens (0/48), but 4.3% (2/46) of patients had cold agglutinins (without any known underlying autoimmune or hematological disorder). Conclusion Our investigation suggests that only very few ColdU patients exhibit cryoproteins and that the pathogenesis of ColdU is driven by other mechanisms, which remain to be identified and characterized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ginter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dalia Melina Ahsan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mojca Bizjak
- Division of Allergy, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Karoline Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Dorothea Terhorst-Molawi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Maltseva N, Borzova E, Fomina D, Bizjak M, Terhorst‐Molawi D, Košnik M, Kulthanan K, Meshkova R, Thomsen SF, Maurer M. Cold urticaria - What we know and what we do not know. Allergy 2021; 76:1077-1094. [PMID: 33249577 DOI: 10.1111/all.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a common form of chronic inducible urticaria characterized by the development of wheals, angioedema or both in response to cold exposure. Recent research and guideline updates have advanced our understanding and management of ColdU. Today, its pathophysiology is thought to involve the cold-induced formation of autoallergens and IgE to these autoallergens, which provoke a release of proinflammatory mediators from skin mast cells. The classification of ColdU includes typical and atypical subtypes. We know that cold-induced wheals usually develop on rewarming and resolve within an hour and that anaphylaxis can occur. The diagnosis relies on the patient's history and cold stimulation testing. Additional diagnostic work-up, including a search for underlying infections, should only be done if indicated by the patient's history. The management of ColdU includes cold avoidance, the regular use of nonsedating antihistamines and the off-label use of omalizumab. However, many questions regarding ColdU remain unanswered. Here, we review what is known about ColdU, and we present important unanswered questions on the epidemiology, underlying pathomechanisms, clinical heterogeneity and treatment outcomes. Our aim is to guide future efforts that will close these knowledge gaps and advance the management of ColdU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Maltseva
- Center of Allergy and Immunology Clinical State Hospital 52 Moscow Ministry of Healthcare Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Elena Borzova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Daria Fomina
- Center of Allergy and Immunology Clinical State Hospital 52 Moscow Ministry of Healthcare Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mojca Bizjak
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Golnik Slovenia
| | - Dorothea Terhorst‐Molawi
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Mitja Košnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik Golnik Slovenia
| | - Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Raisa Meshkova
- Smolensk State Medical University Smolensk Russian Federation
| | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology Bispebjerg Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Brevik C, Zuckerman M. Cold Anaphylaxis: A Case Report. J Emerg Med 2020; 60:226-228. [PMID: 33121839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold anaphylaxis is a severe form of hypersensitivity reaction to cold temperatures. Such reactions include a spectrum of presentations that range from localized symptoms to systemic involvement. The condition can be acquired or heritable, although it may also be idiopathic. Treatment consists of second-generation H1 antihistamines, epinephrine, and supportive care. Prevention involves avoidance of known triggers, most commonly cold immersion due to environment or water exposure. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 34-year-old man with cold-induced urticaria/anaphylaxis who presented to our emergency department with hypotension and shortness of breath after exposure to cold air after getting out of a shower. He required two doses of intramuscular epinephrine and was ultimately started on an epinephrine infusion. He was admitted to the intensive care unit for anaphylaxis monitoring and was found to have a positive ice cube test, reinforcing the suspected diagnosis. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Cold anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening phenomenon with specific testing. It is occasionally described in the emergency medicine literature. Providers should be aware of the potential for cold anaphylaxis as it can change patient guidance and alter management. This condition can also contribute to otherwise unclear and sudden decompensation in critically ill patients, as has been reported in cases of cold anaphylaxis induced by cold IV infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Brevik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Matthew Zuckerman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Cordes F, Ellermann C, Ehrchen J, Ullerich H, Eckardt L. Diagnosis and management of cold urticaria in cryoablation of atrial fibrillation: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2019; 3:1-5. [PMID: 31912003 PMCID: PMC6939821 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cold-induced urticaria is triggered by exposure to local or environmental cold and manifests as localized or systemic pruritic papules, sometimes accompanied by angio-oedema and anaphylaxis representing a life-threatening condition. Therapy options of atrial fibrillation (AF) include catheter ablation with different energy sources, of which cryoenergy may be superior to other energy sources regarding safety and efficacy. Case summary We report the case of a 60-year-old man suffering from symptomatic paroxysmal AF. The patient had a history of cold-induced urticaria without occurrence of systemic reactions to date. After successful pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using cryoenergy, post-interventional oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and endosonography revealed newly occurred oedema in the middle oesophagus with inclusion of all oesophageal wall layers. Due to missing peri-atrial lesions, activation of cold urticaria during cryoablation rather than procedure-associated alterations was diagnosed. The patient reported no systemic or gastrointestinal symptoms after PVI. Discussion We could demonstrate that cold urticaria can manifest as oesophageal angio-oedema in AF patients undergoing cryoablation. Therefore, these patients should be carefully considered for an alternative energy source for PVI or premedication with antihistamines when using cryoenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cordes
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Ellermann
- Department of Cardiology II-Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Ehrchen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hansjoerg Ullerich
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Eckardt
- Department of Cardiology II-Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Maurer M, Fluhr JW, Khan DA. How to Approach Chronic Inducible Urticaria. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 6:1119-1130. [PMID: 30033913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) is a group of chronic urticarias characterized by the appearance of recurrent wheals, recurrent angioedema or both, as a response to specific triggers. CIndU includes both physical (symptomatic dermographism, cold and heat urticaria, delayed pressure urticaria, solar urticaria, and vibratory urticaria) and nonphysical urticarias (cholinergic urticaria, contact and aquagenic urticaria). Here, we review the different forms of CIndU with an emphasis on symptomatic dermographism, cold urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, and delayed pressure urticaria. We discuss the clinical features, the diagnostic workup including provocation and threshold testing, and available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim W Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David A Khan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
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Gorczyza M, Curto-Barredo L, Krause K, Church MK, Hawro T, Metz M, Giménez-Arnau A, Maurer M. H1-antihistamine inhibition of histamine- and codeine-induced wheals does not predict response in chronic cold urticaria. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2043-2044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yee CS, El Khoury K, Albuhairi S, Broyles A, Schneider L, Rachid R. Acquired Cold-Induced Urticaria in Pediatric Patients: A 22-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Center (1996-2017). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:1024-1031.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kulthanan K, Tuchinda P, Chularojanamontri L, Kiratiwongwan R. Cold Urticaria: Clinical Features and Natural Course in a Tropical Country. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:538-547. [PMID: 31172722 PMCID: PMC6557767 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.4.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the clinical features and natural courses of cold urticaria (ColdU) in a tropical country. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who visited Siriraj Urticaria Clinic, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, and were diagnosed with ColdU between 2007 and 2018. Data on provocation and threshold tests, clinical courses, and laboratory work-up were analyzed and compared with data reported by studies in temperate countries. RESULTS Of 1,063 chronic urticaria patients, 27 (2.5%) were diagnosed with ColdU, with a mean age of symptom onset of 34.8 years. Half of the patients had a history of atopy, and 1 (3.7%) had a history of anaphylaxis. All patients were positive to 1 of 3 provocation tests: an ice cube test; TempTest 4.0; or a tray filled with ice, salt and water. Thirteen patients underwent the ice cube test, and all had positive results. TempTest was performed on 15 patients, 8 of whom had positive results, with a mean critical temperature threshold (CTT) of 21.0°C. All of the 7 patients who had a negative TempTest result later produced positive results to the immersion of their hand and forearm in a tray filled with ice, salt, and water. All patients were treated with H₁-antihistamines, the vast majority (96.3%) being non-sedating H₁-antihistamines. Some (14.8%) needed to be administered oral corticosteroids, ciclosporin, or omalizumab. Six patients (22.2%) were in remission. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated 5-year and 10-year remission rates of 13.8% and 42.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rate of anaphylaxis in patients with ColdU in a tropical country was lower than those reported by other studies conducted intemperate climates. On the other hand, the number of female patients, mean age at symptom onset, atopy rate, rate of concomitant chronic spontaneous urticaria and mean CTT were higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokvalai Kulthanan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Papapit Tuchinda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Leena Chularojanamontri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsima Kiratiwongwan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Anaphylaxis in atypical cold urticaria: case report and review of literature. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:135. [PMID: 30424814 PMCID: PMC6234673 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cold-induced urticaria is a kind of physical urticaria characterized by the appearance of wheals after exposure to cold. The atypical form is a rare sub-type characterized by appearance of hives even in areas not directly exposed to the cold and by a negative cold stimulation test. Its diagnosis is often challenging because of the lack of specific tests and it is usually based on the patient’s clinical history. Hypotension due to generalized exposure to the cold is described both in the typical and the atypical forms. Case presentation We describe a 9-year-old boy who, at the beginning of the summer after the first swim in the sea, developed generalized urticaria, dyspnea, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision and loss of strength. The child was treated with intramuscular steroid and intravenous antihistamine, and the symptoms quickly resolved. Insect bite, contact with fish and drug ingestion were denied, and no unusual food had been eaten before the swim. A tentative diagnosis was made of either aquagenic urticaria or cold urticaria, but the specific tests were negative. Although the cause was unknown, prophylactic treatment with antihistamines was prescribed but in spite of this, wheals developed all over the body, after every swim in the sea. The child then came to our attention and relying on clinical history a diagnosis of atypical cold urticaria was made: development of hives even in areas not directly exposed to cold and a negative response to the cold stimulation test, are the characteristic features of this rare form of cold urticaria. Conclusion Atypical cold urticaria should be suspected in all cases of anaphylaxis related to cold exposure (i.e. contact with water) with a negative cold stimulation test.
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Antia C, Baquerizo K, Korman A, Bernstein JA, Alikhan A. Urticaria: A comprehensive review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:599-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gernez Y, Sicherer SH, Wang J. Variability in diagnosis and management of acquired cold-induced urticaria. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sánchez-Borges M, González-Aveledo L, Caballero-Fonseca F, Capriles-Hulett A. Review of Physical Urticarias and Testing Methods. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634900 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to update the information available on the prevalence, clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and treatment of urticarias induced by external physical stimuli. RECENT FINDINGS Physical urticarias are present in up to 5% of the general population, and in 10 to 50% of patients with chronic urticaria. Recent investigations have provided evidence that the presence of physical urticaria alone or when comorbid with chronic spontaneous urticaria is associated with a worse prognosis and duration. Most frequent subtypes of physical urticaria are dermographism and delayed pressure urticaria. The diagnosis is established through specific provocation tests and the management encompasses avoidance measures, pharmacologic therapy with nonsedating antihistamines, and alternative medications in refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sánchez-Borges
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela. .,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Clínica El Avila, 6a transversal Urb. Altamira, piso 8, consultorio 803, Caracas, 1060, Venezuela.
| | | | - Fernan Caballero-Fonseca
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.,Allergy and Immunology Service, Centro Médico de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Arnaldo Capriles-Hulett
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.,Allergy and Immunology Service, Centro Médico de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Nelson JA, Maltais S, Fox JJ, Hagan JB, Rossow KL, Mauermann WJ. Successful Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Replacement Using Normothermic Fibrillatory Arrest in a Patient With Cold Urticaria. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 32:935-937. [PMID: 28967621 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Simon Maltais
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jonathan J Fox
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John B Hagan
- Department of Allergy and Outpatient Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kari L Rossow
- Department of Allergy and Outpatient Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Gorczyza M, Schoepke N, Krause K, Hawro T, Maurer M. Patients with chronic cold urticaria may benefit from doxycycline therapy. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:259-261. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gorczyza
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie‐Centrum Charité/ECARF Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - N. Schoepke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie‐Centrum Charité/ECARF Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - K. Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie‐Centrum Charité/ECARF Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - T. Hawro
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie‐Centrum Charité/ECARF Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - M. Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie‐Centrum Charité/ECARF Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
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Acquired cold urticaria: Clinical features, particular phenotypes, and disease course in a tertiary care center cohort. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:918-924.e2. [PMID: 27485164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about special phenotypes, natural course, and prognostic variables of patients with acquired cold urticaria (ACU) are scarce. OBJECTIVES We sought to describe the clinical features and disease course of patients with ACU, with special attention paid to particular phenotypes, and to examine possible parameters that could predict the evolution of the disease. METHODS This study was a retrospective chart review of 74 patients with ACU who visited a tertiary referral center of urticaria between 2005 and 2015. RESULTS Fourteen patients (18.9%) presented with life-threatening reactions after cold exposure, and 21 (28.4%) showed negative results after cold stimulation tests (classified as atypical ACU). Nineteen patients (25.7%) achieved complete symptoms resolution at the end of the surveillance period and had no subsequent recurrences. Higher rates of atypical ACU along with a lower likelihood of achieving complete symptom resolution was observed in patients who had an onset of symptoms during childhood (P < .05). In patients with atypical ACU, shorter disease duration and lower doses of antihistamines required for achieving disease control were detected (P < .05). Age at disease onset, symptom severity, and cold urticaria threshold values were found to be related to disease evolution (P < .05). LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of the clinical predictors of the disease evolution along with the clinical features of ACU phenotypes would allow for the establishment of an early and proper therapeutic strategy.
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Jain S, Mullins R. Cold urticaria: a 20-year follow-up study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:2066-2071. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.V. Jain
- Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - R.J. Mullins
- John James Medical Centre; Deakin ACT Australia
- Senior Clinical Lecturer; Medical School; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
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Magerl M, Altrichter S, Borzova E, Giménez-Arnau A, Grattan CEH, Lawlor F, Mathelier-Fusade P, Meshkova RY, Zuberbier T, Metz M, Maurer M. The definition, diagnostic testing, and management of chronic inducible urticarias - The EAACI/GA(2) LEN/EDF/UNEV consensus recommendations 2016 update and revision. Allergy 2016; 71:780-802. [PMID: 26991006 DOI: 10.1111/all.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
These recommendations for the definition, diagnosis and management of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) extend, revise and update our previous consensus report on physical urticarias and cholinergic urticaria (Allergy, 2009). The aim of these recommendations is to improve the diagnosis and management of patients with CIndU. Our recommendations acknowledge the latest changes in our understanding of CIndU, and the available therapeutic options, as well as the development of novel diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Magerl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - S. Altrichter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - E. Borzova
- Department of Clinical Allergology; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Moscow Russia
| | - A. Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital del Mar; Institut Mar d′Investigacions Mèdiques IMIM; Universitat Autònoma Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - C. E. H. Grattan
- Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; London UK
| | - F. Lawlor
- Cutaneous Allergy; St John's Institute of Dermatology; St Thomas' Hospital; London UK
| | | | - R. Y. Meshkova
- Klinika Medicinskoy Immunologii I Allergologii; Smolensk Russia
| | - T. Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Metz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Blanca-López N, del Carmen Plaza-Serón M, Cornejo-García JA, Perkins JR, Canto G, Blanca M. Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-015-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kounis NG, Kounis GN, Soufras GD, Tsigkas G, Hahalis G. Therapeutic hypothermia, stent thrombosis and the Kounis mast cell activation-associated syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2015; 179:504-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bernstein JA, Lang DM, Khan DA, Craig T, Dreyfus D, Hsieh F, Sheikh J, Weldon D, Zuraw B, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller DE, Spector SL, Tilles SA, Wallace D. The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1270-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abajian M, Schoepke N, Altrichter S, Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Physical Urticarias and Cholinergic Urticaria. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:73-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cold urticaria (CU) is a subtype of physical urticaria characterized by the development of urticaria and angioedema after cold exposure. Symptoms typically occur minutes after skin exposure to cold air, liquids, and objects. Most common method to confirm the diagnosis of CU is through ice cube challenge test, but 20% of patients with CU have negative ice cube challenge test results. The greatest risk with this kind of urticaria is the development of systemic reaction resulting in a hemodynamic collapse during generalized cold exposure. We report a case of a patient who developed CU and anaphylaxis during swimming and diving in the sea.
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Contemporary approaches to the diagnosis and management of physical urticaria. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:235-41. [PMID: 24054356 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M. Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-010441. [PMID: 23839613 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-010441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced urticaria (CU) is a chronic physical urticaria that can be hard to diagnose and manage. Symptoms of CU can vary from mild localised urticaria, angio-oedema to anaphylaxis. CU may be induced by a wide range of cold triggers from aquatic activities to ingestions of cold substances. This exemplifies the importance of accurate diagnosis and management of patients with CU. We present three cases of CU that demonstrate the variability in triggers and clinical presentation.
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Abstract
The physical urticarias are a heterogeneous subgroup of chronic urticarias in which wheals can be reproducibly induced by different specific physical stimuli such as cold, heat, pressure, vibration, or sunlight. Physical urticarias comprise up to 25 % of chronic urticarias and occur more frequently in young adults. Symptoms, i.e. wheal and flare responses or angioedema, are usually limited to the skin areas exposed to the eliciting stimulus. However, generalised urticaria with variable extracutaneous manifestations can also occur. Some patients may also present with more than one physical urticaria. Skin lesions in physical urticaria result from mast cell activation and mediator release. The mechanisms by which physical stimuli activate skin mast cells are not fully understood. Because of this, trigger avoidance and symptomatic treatment are key therapeutic concepts for physical urticarias. Identification of the inducing physical trigger, including its individual thresholds, is necessary for an effective therapy. Here, we have summarized clinical features, diagnostic workup and therapy options for physical urticarias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Abajian
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité/ECARF, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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Brodská P, Schmid-Grendelmeier P. Treatment of severe cold contact urticaria with omalizumab: case reports. Case Rep Dermatol 2012; 4:275-80. [PMID: 23341807 PMCID: PMC3551415 DOI: 10.1159/000346284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 2 patients with cold urticaria with different response to treatment with omalizumab (Xolair®). Cold contact urticaria (CCU) is a common subtype of physical urticaria. It is characterized by the development of wheal and/or angioedema within minutes after cold contact. Clinical manifestation of CCU can range from mild, localized whealing to life-threatening anaphylactic shock reactions. Omalizumab has been described to be useful in cases of chronic urticaria and may be an interesting option for treatment of CCU. We describe one patient with significant and long-lasting improvement of symptoms and one without any improvement after anti-immunoglobulin E therapy. In our case reports, we want to highlight that there is still a small group of patients without benefit from omalizumab treatment. It is necessary to identify this minor subgroup of patients where omalizumab does not represent an effective treatment possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Brodská
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gualdi G, Monari P, Rossi MT, Crotti S, Calzavara-Pinton PG. Successful treatment of systemic cold contact urticaria with etanercept in a patient with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1373-4. [PMID: 22212112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kring Tannert L, Stahl Skov P, Bjerremann Jensen L, Maurer M, Bindslev-Jensen C. Cold Urticaria Patients Exhibit Normal Skin Levels of Functional Mast Cells and Histamine after Tolerance Induction. Dermatology 2012; 224:101-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000336572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Shephard RJ. Lifestyle and the Respiratory Health of Children. Am J Lifestyle Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827610378337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article offers a review of the potential influences of personal lifestyle on respiratory health in children, looking at both healthy individuals and those with respiratory disorders. As with many aspects of health, regular physical activity, an appropriate diet, and avoidance of obesity and cigarette smoke all contribute to optimal development of the healthy child. An active lifestyle is associated with greater static and dynamic lung volumes, greater efficiency of the ventilatory process, and an optimization of breathing patterns. The risk of upper respiratory infections is also reduced in those maintaining a moderate level of physical activity. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, as well as active and passive smoking, all have an adverse influence on lung function in the child, the largest effects being on dynamic lung volumes. The risk of developing asthma seems reduced in children who maintain a normal body mass and are physically active. A program of graded physical activity is of therapeutic value in a number of established respiratory conditions, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and ventilatory impairment from neuromuscular disorders. Exercise carries a slight risk of fatalities from asthma and anaphylactic reactions. In designing an optimal physical activity program, it is also important to guard against the hazards of deep oronasal breathing, including the precipitation of bronchospasm by the inhalation of cold, dry air and pollens; an increased exposure to atmospheric pollutants (reducing and oxidant smog, fine and ultra-fine particulates, and carbon monoxide); and possible long-term dangers from chlorine derivatives in the atmosphere of indoor swimming pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy J. Shephard
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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43
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Krause K, Zuberbier T, Maurer M. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cold contact urticaria. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010; 10:243-9. [PMID: 20446123 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cold contact urticaria (CCU) is a common subtype of physical urticaria characterized by itchy wheals and/or angioedema due to skin mast cell activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators after cold exposure. The underlying causes are largely unknown. When CCU is suspected, cold stimulation tests and threshold testing should be done to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the severity and course of CCU, respectively. Avoidance of critical cold exposure should be recommended but is often impossible, especially for severely affected patients with high temperature and low exposure time thresholds. Symptomatic treatment of choice is the use of modern, nonsedating antihistamines. Patients should be informed that complete protection from CCU symptom development may require increased doses of antihistamines. Standardizing cold provocation tests and further characterization of the natural course of CCU and its variants may lead to a better understanding of the disease-driving mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Krause K, Degener F, Altrichter S, Ardelean E, Kalogeromitros D, Magerl M, Metz M, Siebenhaar F, Weller K, Maurer M. Kälteinduzierte Quaddeln und Angioödeme. Hautarzt 2010; 61:743-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-010-1932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Efficacy and tolerability of second- and third-generation antihistamines in the treatment of acquired cold urticaria: a meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 104:518-22. [PMID: 20568385 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired cold urticaria (ACU) is a form of physical urticaria that has been treated with first-generation antihistamines; there is a paucity of data regarding second- and third-generation antihistamines for the treatment of ACU. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy of second- and third-generation antihistamines in the treatment of ACU. METHODS Data were extracted via a MEDLINE search of the literature between 1950 and May 2009. We included double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies comparing the treatment of patients with ACU with second- and third-generation antihistamine medications vs placebo. RESULTS Overall, 98 patients were identified from 4 included studies. Two trials indicated that second- and third-generation antihistamines significantly eliminated the presence of wheals after treatment vs placebo (odds ratio [OR], 8.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.35 to 18.13). Two trials demonstrated a reduction in wheal area after treatment with a second- or third-generation antihistamine compared with placebo (mean difference, -347.99 mm2; 95% CI, -489.43 to -206.54 mm2). Two trials demonstrated significant elimination of pruritus with second- or third-generation antihistamine treatment vs placebo (OR, 10.44; 95% CI, 4.39 to 24.84). All 4 studies assessed the tolerability of a second- or third-generation antihistamine vs placebo and found an increased rate of adverse events (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.53 to 6.06), although the complaints were mild. CONCLUSIONS The newer, less-sedating antihistamines seem to be effective in the treatment of ACU in terms of their ability to significantly reduce the presence of wheals and pruritus after cold exposure. These medications are usually well tolerated, with only mild adverse effects.
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Sciallis GF, Krych EH. Localized cold urticaria to the face in a pediatric patient: a case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 2010; 27:266-9. [PMID: 20609144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a curious case of localized cold urticaria restricted to the face in a 10-year-old girl. Testing for the condition using an ice cube was positive only in the facial area. After 2 years, the patient continues to experience localized urticaria only on her face on cold exposure. A review of the available published medical literature on cold urticaria was performed using Ovid and PubMed databases. The literature search was not limited to the English language. Only three other cases of cold urticaria localized to the face were identified. Upon review of the published reports on cold urticaria and discussion of classification and diagnostic testing, we conclude that cold urticaria clearly is a rare and poorly understood entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F Sciallis
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Gandhi C, Healy C, Wanderer AA, Hoffman HM. Familial atypical cold urticaria: description of a new hereditary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 124:1245-50. [PMID: 19910034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired cold urticaria (ACU) is usually a self-limited, sporadic, cutaneous disease diagnosed based on history and a positive cold stimulation time test (CSTT) result. We describe 3 unrelated families (A, B, and C) with lifelong atypical cold urticaria distinguished from ACU and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe a new hereditary disease of cold urticaria and study its pathogenesis. METHODS Questionnaires, interviews, physical examinations, skin testing, and biopsies were performed. Absolute values, means, and prevalence percentages of data are reported. RESULTS Thirty-five subjects are described with familial atypical cold urticaria (FACU; family A, 17; family B, 8; and family C, 10) displaying an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. All tested subjects had negative CSTT results. Completed questionnaires from affected and unaffected members of families A and B (n = 35) revealed that all affected subjects had lifelong symptoms that began in early childhood with pruritus, erythema, and urticaria after cold exposure. Angioedema (family A, 23%; family B, 42%) and syncope, near syncope, or both (family A, 46%; family B, 86%) were also present. Triggers included cold atmosphere (100%), aquatic activities (family A, 92%; family B, 100%), handling cold objects (family A, 54%; family B, 71%), and ingestion of cold foods or beverages (family A, 69%; family B, 100%). Skin biopsy specimens demonstrated a mast cell infiltrate with the appearance of degranulation after cold challenge. CONCLUSIONS FACU is a new cold-induced inherited disease that is different than ACU in its natural history, atmospheric cold elicitation, severity of systemic reactions, and CSTT results. FACU differs from familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome in symptom timing and the absence of fever, chills, and joint pain. The cause is suspected to be mast cell related. Treatment of reactions is similar to that for ACU. Further evaluation of pathogenesis and genetics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Gandhi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Magerl M, Borzova E, Giménez-Arnau A, Grattan CEH, Lawlor F, Mathelier-Fusade P, Metz M, Młynek A, Maurer M. The definition and diagnostic testing of physical and cholinergic urticarias--EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/UNEV consensus panel recommendations. Allergy 2009; 64:1715-21. [PMID: 19793059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recommendations for the definition and diagnosis presented in this position paper are the result of a panel consensus meeting held in December 2008 in Berlin. This consensus meeting was a joint initiative of EAACI (European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology) Dermatology Section, the EU-funded network of excellence, GA(2)LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network), the EDF (European Dermatology Forum) and UNEV (urticaria network e.V.). The aim of these recommendations is to improve the diagnosis and management of patients with physical urticaria or cholinergic urticaria and to promote research and a better understanding of these diseases. Our recommendations used the paper produced by a 1996 expert meeting (1) and they acknowledge the latest changes in our understanding of physical urticarias and cholinergic urticaria as well as the recent development of novel diagnostic tools. In addition, this consensus paper highlights areas of need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Magerl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité- Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Gregoriou S, Rigopoulos D, Katsambas A, Katsarou A, Papaioannou D, Gkouvi A, Kontochristopoulos G, Danopoulou I, Stavrianeas N, Kalogeromitros D. Etiologic aspects and prognostic factors of patients with chronic urticaria: nonrandomized, prospective, descriptive study. J Cutan Med Surg 2009; 13:198-203. [PMID: 19706227 DOI: 10.2310/7750.2008.08035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating etiologic factors in chronic urticaria are based on small populations of a few hundred patients. In addition, data on prognostic factors of the disorder are scarce. OBJECTIVE To investigate the etiologic and prognostic factors of chronic urticaria on a large population referred to tertiary specialized hospital departments. METHODS The study investigated 2,523 patients with chronic urticaria and a negative autologous serum skin test using anamnesis, and the literature suggested laboratory tests for etiologic factors of the disorder. The patients were prescribed cetirizine 10 mg daily plus treatment of any underlying disorders illuminated by the laboratory investigation. The rescue medicine was loratadine 10 mg. The patients were evaluated every 3 months. Comparative statistical methods were used to evaluate the prognostic factors having an impact on the duration of the disorder until resolution of symptoms. RESULTS Etiologic factors of chronic urticaria-angioedema were identified in 38.7% of the patients. Physical urticarias had a prevalence of 17.1% in the population under study. Other common etiologic factors identified included infection (7.7%) and autoimmune thyropathy (7.3%). Multiple regression analysis showed that female gender, long duration of the disorder at the initial examination, the presence of angioedema, and physical urticarias are associated with worse prognosis of the disorder, whereas increased self-reported stress and psychiatric disease had no impact on the course of the disorder. CONCLUSION A detailed medical history and selective laboratory tests can illuminate etiologic factors in less than 40% of patients with chronic urticaria. Prognostic factors identified to impact the natural history of the disorder could be helpful when designing studies assessing the efficacy of therapeutic agents for chronic urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, University of Athens, 16121, Athens, Greece.
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