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Single melatonin treatment improves reproductive performance of Singharey goats during non-breeding season under sub-tropical condition of North East India. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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To What Extent Does Photoperiod Affect Cattle Reproduction? Clinical Perspectives of Melatonin Administration – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The seasonality of reproduction in most mammals is dictated by photoperiod, temperature and nutrition. Melatonin, mainly synthesized in the pineal gland, is generally accepted as the active mediator of photoperiod responses including reproduction. While non-pregnant heifers and cows show continuous sexual activity and are therefore not seasonal breeders, it has been suggested that photo-periodicity may influence the appearance of puberty in heifers and the onset of parturition. Further, the light/dark ratio may influence endocrine patterns of gestation and a shorter light period correlates with the incidence of twin pregnancies. This review considers specific aspects of the effects of photoperiod and melatonin on reproduction in dairy cattle and discusses the clinical applications of melatonin.
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Guillaume D, Arnaud G, Camillo F, Duchamp G, Palmer E. Effect of Melatonin Implants on Reproductive Status of Mares. Biol Reprod 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/52.monograph_series1.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Guillaume
- National Studs and .N.R.A.,2 Reproductive Physiology, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - G. Arnaud
- Institut du Cheval, Domaine de la Valade, 19370 Charnberet, France
| | - F. Camillo
- University of Pisa, Veterinarian Faculty, 56124 PISA, Italia
| | - G. Duchamp
- National Studs and .N.R.A.,2 Reproductive Physiology, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - E. Palmer
- National Studs and .N.R.A.,2 Reproductive Physiology, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Shane DD, Larson RL, Sanderson MW, Miesner M, White BJ. A deterministic, dynamic systems model of cow-calf production: The effects of the duration of postpartum anestrus on production parameters over a 10-year horizon. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1680-1695. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kumar A, Mehrotra S, Singh G, Maurya VP, Narayanan K, Mahla AS, Chaudhari RK, Singh M, Soni YK, Kumawat BL, Dabas SK, Srivastava N. Supplementation of Slow-Release Melatonin Improves Recovery of Ovarian Cyclicity and Conception in Summer Anoestrous Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:10-7. [PMID: 26566713 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of melatonin as a protective neurohormone against restoring cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals in photoperiod species has gained wider acceptance. This study was designed to uncover the evidence the slow-release melatonin (MLT) has on initiation of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate (CR) in summer anoestrous buffaloes. Thus, buffaloes diagnosed as summer anoestrous (absence of overt signs of oestrus, concurrent rectal examination and radioimmunoassay for serum progesterone at 10 days interval) were grouped as untreated (Group I, sterilized corn oil, n = 8) and treated (Group II, single subcutaneous injection of MLT @18 mg/50 kg bwt in sterilized corn oil, n = 20). Animals treated and detected in oestrus were artificially inseminated (AI) followed by division into Group III (second dose of MLT on 5th day post-AI, n = 8) and Group IV (no melatonin administration, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at 4 days interval for estimation of serum MLT, progesterone and oestrogen using radioimmunoassay kit. Mean oestrous induction rate (OIR), oestrous induction interval (OII), interoestrous interval (IOI) and CR were estimated. Compared to control, concentration of melatonin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treated group ranging from 14.34 ± 1.72 to 412.31 ± 14.47 pg/ml whereas other two hormones did not show any concentration difference. Melatonin-administered buffaloes showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher (90%) OIR with OII of 18.06 ± 1.57 days. Results showed improvement in conception rate in buffaloes administered with post-insemination melatonin. It can be concluded from the study that slow-release melatonin supplementation restored cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals resulting in improvement in conception rate in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Division of Animal Production, ICAR Res Complex for NEH Region, Umiom, Meghalaya, India
| | - S Mehrotra
- AI Laboratory, LPM, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Climatology and Physiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Division of Climatology and Physiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - A S Mahla
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - R K Chaudhari
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - M Singh
- Division of Animal Production, ICAR Res Complex for NEH Region, Umiom, Meghalaya, India
| | - Y K Soni
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | - B L Kumawat
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - S K Dabas
- Division of Animal Production, ICAR Res Complex for NEH Region, Umiom, Meghalaya, India
| | - N Srivastava
- Semen Freezing Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
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Perry GA, Cushman R. Effect of age at puberty/conception date on cow longevity. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2013; 29:579-90. [PMID: 24182436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age at puberty is a critical trait, because pregnancy success during the breeding season is correlated with the percentage of heifers that reach puberty before or early in the breeding season. A negative genetic correlation between age at puberty and heifer pregnancy rate indicate that selection to decrease age at puberty would increase heifer pregnancy rates. Calving late has been reported to increase the chance of calving late or not calving the following year, and heifers need to wean 3 to 5 calves to pay for development costs. Therefore, puberty is important to the sustainability and profitability of beef operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Abstract
Prolonged postpartum acyclicity in suckled beef cows is a source of economic loss to beef cattle producers. Duration of postpartum acyclicity is influenced by suckling status, nutritional status, calving season, age, and several other factors. Although uterine involution begins and ovarian follicular waves resume soon after parturition, dominant follicles of these waves fail to ovulate, due to a failure to undergo terminal maturation. As a result, postpartum anovulatory dominant follicles are smaller than the ovulatory follicles in cyclic cows. Failure of postpartum dominant follicles to undergo terminal maturation is due to absence of appropriate LH pulses, a prerequisite for follicular terminal maturation prior to ovulation. Absence of LH pulses early post partum is primarily due to depletion of anterior pituitary LH stores, although GnRH pulses are also absent during this period due to suckling. Following replenishment of LH stores between Days 15 and 30 post partum, absence of LH pulses is due to continued sensitivity of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse-generator to the negative feedback effect of ovarian estradiol-17beta, which results in absence of GnRH pulses. This negative feedback effect of estradiol-17beta is modulated by suckling which stimulates release of endogenous opioid peptides from the hypothalamus. As the postpartum interval increases, sensitivity of the GnRH pulse-generator to the negative feedback effect of ovarian estradiol-17beta decreases. This is followed by an increasing frequency of GnRH discharges and LH pulses, terminal follicular maturation, ovulation, and continued cyclicity. The first ovulation post partum is usually followed by a short cycle due to premature luteolysis because of premature release of PGF2alpha from the uterine endometrium, which is possibly intensified by the suckling-induced oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary. A model for the postpartum ovulatory acyclicity and for the resumption of cyclicity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yavas
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Noël B, Mandiki S, Perrad B, Bister J, Paquay R. Terminal follicular growth, ovulation rate and hormonal secretion after melatonin pretreatment prior to FGA-PMSG synchronisation in Suffolk ewes at the onset of the breeding season. Small Rumin Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4488(98)00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Berthelot X, Ravault JP, Concordet D, Ferney J, Toutain PL. Absence of circadian rhythm in the disposition of melatonin in the cow. J Pineal Res 1993; 15:141-6. [PMID: 8106960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1993.tb00521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Five adult pasture-bred Prim Holstein cows were used to document the time invariance of melatonin disposition in the cow. Melatonin was administered by an intravenous route as a bolus (5 micrograms/kg of body weight) at either 1430 or 2230. Data were analysed according to a three-compartment open model with melatonin elimination from the central compartment. The mean (+/- SD) kinetic parameters describing melatonin disposition, during day and night, respectively, were plasma clearances: 0.0267 +/- 0.0084 l/kg per min and 0.0229 +/- 0.0031 l/kg per min; steady state volume of distribution: 0.826 +/- 0.229 l/kg and 0.780 +/- 0.193 l/kg; terminal half lives: 58.9 +/- 23.7 min and 64.1 +/- 33.7 min; mean residence times: 32.0 +/- 8.8 min and 33.9 +/- 6.2 min. No statistical difference was found between diurnal and nocturnal values for these parameters. These results support the concept of time invariance for melatonin kinetics in cattle and validate the use of diurnal experiments for the study of melatonin kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Berthelot
- Unité associée INRA de Physiopathologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentales, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
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Gifford D, D'Occhio M, Sharpe P, Weatherly T, Pittar R, Reeve D. Return to cyclic ovarian activity following parturition in mature cows and first-calf beef heifers exposed to bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-4320(89)90094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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