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Gutierrez-Reinoso MA, Arreseigor CJ, Driedger B, Cabezas I, Hugues F, Parra NC, Sánchez O, Toledo JR, Garcia-Herreros M. Effects of recombinant FSH (bscrFSH) and pituitary FSH (FSH-p) on embryo production in superovulated dairy heifers inseminated with unsorted and sex-sorted semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107226. [PMID: 37027990 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Superovulation is a drug-based method used in cattle to stimulate the ovarian folliculogenesis and the number of oocytes and transferable embryos. The present study aimed to test the effects of recombinant FSH (bscrFSH) and pituitary FSH (FSH-p) on ovarian response and in vivo embryo production in superovulated dairy heifers inseminated with unsorted and sex-sorted semen. Forty healthy Holstein heifers subjected to a superovulation (SOV) protocol by using FSH-p or bscrFSH were divided randomly into four groups: a) FSH-p inseminated with unsorted semen (USP; n = 10), b) FSH-p inseminated with sex-sorted semen (SSP; n = 10), c) bscrFSH inseminated with unsorted semen (USR; n = 10), and d) bscrFSH inseminated with sex-sorted semen (SSR; n = 10). Ultrasonography was carried out on Day 8 (estrus) and Day 15 (embryo collection) to evaluate the ovarian structures [follicles (FL), corpora lutea (CL), and non-ovulated follicles (NOFL)]. Embryonic-derived parameters were scored on Day 15 [total structures collected (TS), unfertilised oocytes (UFOs), total embryos (TEs), transferable embryos (TFEs), freezable embryos (FEs), and degenerated embryos (DEs)]. No differences were observed regarding ovarian structures (FL and NOFL) irrespective of SOV protocol or group assessed (P > 0.05). CL increased in bscrFSH-derived SOV protocol (P < 0.05). On Day 15, the embryonic-derived parameters TEs, TFEs, and FEs decreased in SSP/SSR compared to USP/USR (P < 0.05). Differences were observed regarding UFOs, with a greater number in SSP and SSR (P = 0.01). In conclusion, the bscrFSH-derived SOV protocol showed improved results compared to FSH-p-derived SOV protocol regarding ovarian (CL) and embryo-derived (TFE) parameters irrespective of the type of semen used.
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Clark ZL, Karl KR, Ruebel ML, Latham KE, Ireland JJ. Excessive follicle-stimulating hormone during ovarian stimulation of cattle may induce premature luteinization of most ovulatory-size follicles†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:968-978. [PMID: 35084014 PMCID: PMC9113431 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during ovarian stimulation are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function and decrease live birth rate in cattle and women. However, the mechanism whereby excessive FSH causes ovarian dysfunction is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that excessive FSH during ovarian stimulation induces premature luteinization of ovulatory-size follicles. Small ovarian reserve heifers were injected twice daily for 4 days with 70 IU (N = 7 heifers) or 210 IU (N = 6 heifers) Folltropin-V [commercial FSH-enriched preparation of porcine pituitary glands with minor (<1%) luteinizing hormone (LH) contamination, cpFSH]. Ovulatory-size (≥10 mm) follicles were excised from ovaries after the last cpFSH injection and hormone concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) were determined using ELISA. Luteinization was monitored by assessing cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) morphology and measuring concentrations of estradiol (E), progesterone (P), and oxytocin (O) in FF. COCs were classified as having compact (cCOC) or expanded (eCOC) cumulus cell layers, and as estrogen-active (E:P in FF ≥1), estrogen-inactive (EI, E:P in FF ≤1 > 0.1), or extreme-estrogen-inactive (EEI, E:P in FF ≤0.1). A high proportion (72%) of ovulatory-size follicles in 210 IU, but not 70 IU, dose heifers displayed eCOCs. The high doses also produced higher proportions of EI or EEI follicles which had lower E:P ratio and/or E but higher P and/or O concentrations compared with the 70 IU dose heifers. In conclusion, excessive cpFSH doses during ovarian stimulation may induce premature luteinization of most ovulatory-size follicles in heifers with small ovarian reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaramasina L Clark
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Karl
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keith E Latham
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Ireland
- Correspondence: Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Tel: +1517 432 1384; E-mail:
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Gutiérrez-Reinoso MA, Aguilera CJ, Navarrete F, Cabezas J, Castro FO, Cabezas I, Sánchez O, García-Herreros M, Rodríguez-Alvarez L. Effects of Extra-Long-Acting Recombinant Bovine FSH (bscrFSH) on Cattle Superovulation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020153. [PMID: 35049777 PMCID: PMC8772581 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, several commercial FSH products have been developed for cattle superovulation (SOV) purposes in Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) programs. The SOV response is highly variable among individuals and remains one of the main limiting factors in obtaining a profitable number of transferable embryos. In this study, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from different origins was included in two SOV protocols, (a) FSH from purified pig pituitary extract (NIH-FSH-p; two doses/day, 12 h apart, four consecutive days); and (b) extra-long-acting bovine recombinant FSH (bscrFSH; a single dose/day, four consecutive days), to test the effects of bscrFSH on the ovarian response, hormone profile levels, in vivo embryo production and the pluripotency gene expression of the obtained embryos. A total of 68 healthy primiparous red Angus cows (Bos taurus) were randomly distributed into two experimental groups (n = 34 each). Blood sample collection for progesterone (P4) and cortisol (C) level determination was performed together with ultrasonographic assessment for ovarian size, follicles (FL) and corpora lutea (CL) quantification in each SOV protocol (Day 0, 4, 8, and 15). Moreover, FSH profiles were monitorised throughout both protocols (Day 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 15). In vivo embryo quantity and quality (total structures, morulae, blastocysts, viable, degenerated and blocked embryos) were recorded in each SOV protocol. Finally, embryo quality in both protocols was assessed by the analysis of the expression level of crucial genes for early embryo development (OCT4, IFNt, CDX2, BCL2, and BAX). P4 and cortisol concentration peaks in both SOV protocols were obtained on Day 15 and Day 8, respectively, which were statistically different compared to the other time-points (p < 0.05). Ovarian dimensions increased from Day 0 to Day 15 irrespective of the SOV protocol considered (p < 0.05). Significant changes in CL number were observed over time till Day 15 irrespective of the SOV protocol applied (p < 0.05), being non- significantly different between SOV protocols within each time-point (p > 0.05). The number of CL was higher on Day 15 in the bscrFSH group compared to the NIH-FSH-p group (p < 0.05). The number of embryonic structures recovered was higher in the bscrFSH group (p = 0.025), probably as a result of a tendency towards a greater number of follicles developed compared to the NIH-FSH-p group. IFNt and BAX were overexpressed in embryos from the bscrFSH group (p < 0.05), with a fold change of 16 and 1.3, respectively. However, no statistical differences were detected regarding the OCT4, CDX2, BCL2, and BCL2/BAX expression ratio (p > 0.05). In conclusion, including bscrFSH in SOV protocols could be an important alternative by reducing the number of applications and offering an improved ovarian response together with better embryo quality and superior performance in embryo production compared to NIH-FSH-p SOV protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga 050150, Ecuador
| | - Constanza J. Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Fidel O. Castro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Ignacio Cabezas
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Manuel García-Herreros
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.G.-H.); (L.R.-A.); Tel.: +56-42-220-8835 (L.R.-A.); Fax: +351-24-3767 (M.G.-H.) (ext. 330)
| | - Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-H.); (L.R.-A.); Tel.: +56-42-220-8835 (L.R.-A.); Fax: +351-24-3767 (M.G.-H.) (ext. 330)
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A single administration of a long-acting recombinant ovine FSH (roFSH) for cattle superovulation. Theriogenology 2020; 154:66-72. [PMID: 32512315 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant long-acting ovine follicle stimulating hormone (roFSH) has been devised and its biological effectiveness following a single dose has been assessed in several experiments under field conditions, in pasture-based beef and dairy farming in New Zealand. Owing to the molecular structure of this long-acting roFSH, which includes additional N-glycosylation sites, a single dose combined with a simple CIDR-based superovulatory regime elicits successful ovarian stimulation with averages of 11.8 corpora lutea and of 6.1 good quality embryos collected in cattle. Solid performance of this novel FSH was demonstrated in several beef and dairy breeds which included yearling heifers and mixed age cows, with embryo production results in the same range as those observed nowadays with eight doses of commercial pituitary FSH (pFSH). Viable embryos produced from these collections, when implanted either fresh or frozen and thawed, gave pregnancy rates in recipients similar to those collected from cows and heifers superstimulated with pFSH. Repeated superovulatory treatment of the same cows was not associated with a decrease in ovarian response or embryo yield. The single administration of this long-acting roFSH when combined with a modified simple superovulatory regime has the advantage of reducing animal welfare concerns, lowering labour resource requirements and giving similar results to other commercially prepared pituitary FSH extracts.
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Bó GA, Mapletoft RJ. Superstimulation of ovarian follicles in cattle: Gonadotropin treatment protocols and FSH profiles. Theriogenology 2020; 150:353-359. [PMID: 32088042 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of ovarian superstimulatory treatments in cattle is to obtain the maximum number of viable embryos by stimulating growth of antral follicles and ovulation of competent oocytes. While factors inherent to the donor animal are critical, an increased knowledge of ovarian physiology, gonadotropin biochemistry and the ability to manipulate ovarian function have provided alternatives for the design of simple and successful protocols for superovulation in cattle. Recent protocols have also been made more user-friendly and allowed for the grouping of donors for successful superovulation. Although the number of reports associating FSH profiles with superovulatory response is limited, studies designed to reduce the number of FSH treatments necessary to induce superstimulation may provide guidance for the development of optimized gonadotropin treatment protocols. Although high peak levels of circulating FSH following a single administration of Folltropin-V have been shown to be associated with a reduced superstimulatory response, the ideal treatment protocol would seem to be to increase circulating FSH levels to values comparable to those required for the induction of follicle wave emergence, and to maintain these levels for at least 72 h (or 36 h for superstimulation prior to ovum pick-up) to allow follicles to reach an ovulatory size and acquire the capacity to ovulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Obispo Ferreyra 411, 5963, Villa Del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Reuben J Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Naranjo Chacón F, Montiel Palacios F, Canseco Sedano R, Ahuja-Aguirre C. Embryo production after superovulation of bovine donors with a reduced number of FSH applications and an increased eCG dose. Theriogenology 2020; 141:168-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bó GA, Rogan DR, Mapletoft RJ. Pursuit of a method for single administration of pFSH for superstimulation in cattle: What we have learned. Theriogenology 2017; 112:26-33. [PMID: 29208313 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A single dose protocol of FSH for superstimulation in cattle may improve compliance and superovulatory response. A single subcutaneous (sc) administration of pFSH was efficacious, but response depended on body condition and injection site; the adipose tissue pad behind the shoulder was most efficacious. Inconsistent results in Holsteins were partially overcome by sc administration of 75% of the total pFSH dose behind the shoulder on the first day followed by 25% 48 h later. An alternative would be to combine FSH with polymers that cause it to be released slowly over several days. Hyaluronan is found normally in most animal tissues and is nonreactive when administered parentally. A single intramuscular (im) administration of pFSH in a 2.0% hyaluronan induced a superovulatory response that did not differ from twice daily im administration over 4 d. However, 2.0% hyaluronan was viscous and difficult to mix with FSH. Although solutions of 1.0 and 0.5% hyaluronan were less viscous, they lacked efficacy as a single im administration. However, superovulatory response was high when either 1.0 or 0.5% hyaluronan was used in a two-dose im protocol; two-thirds on the first day and one-third 48 h later. A single im administration of FSH in 0.5% hyaluronan effectively induced superstimulation for OPU in cattle. Successful superovulation in the cow was associated with circulating FSH levels that were similar to endogenous FSH levels prior to follicular wave emergence; however, levels must be maintained above baseline for at least 72 h, or 36 h for OPU. Circulating FSH levels following a single sc administration of 400 mg NIH-FSH-P1 behind the shoulder in beef cows increased to 1.0 or 1.2 ng/mL at 12 h and were back near baseline in approximately 60 h, while FSH levels following im administration of 200 mg NIH-FSH-P1 in 0.5% hyaluronan into Holstein donors reached 1.5 ng/mL at 12 h and returned to baseline in approximately 36 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, 5900, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Dragan R Rogan
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Trg Dositeja Obradovića br. 8, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Reuben J Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Reducing treatments in cattle superovulation protocols by combining a pituitary extract with a 5% hyaluronan solution: Is it able to diminish activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis compared to the traditional protocol? Theriogenology 2016; 85:914-921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Carvalho PD, Hackbart KS, Bender RW, Baez GM, Dresch AR, Guenther JN, Souza AH, Fricke PM. Use of a single injection of long-acting recombinant bovine FSH to superovulate Holstein heifers: a preliminary study. Theriogenology 2014; 82:481-9. [PMID: 24938802 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to compare several experimental preparations of a single injection of long-acting recombinant bovine FSH (rbFSH; types A and B) to a porcine pituitary-derived FSH (Folltropin) to superovulate Holstein dairy heifers. Nonlactating, nonpregnant virgin Holstein heifers (n = 56) aged 12 to 15 months were randomly assigned to one of four superstimulatory treatments. Beginning at a random stage of the estrous cycle, all follicles greater than 5 mm were aspirated. Thirty-six hours later, heifers received an intravaginal P4 device and superstimulatory treatments were initiated. Treatments were (1) 300 mg of pituitary-derived FSH (Folltropin) administered in eight decreasing doses over a period of 3.5 days; (2) a single injection of 50 μg of A-rbFSH; (3) a single injection of 100 μg of A-rbFSH; and (4) a single injection of 50 μg of B-rbFSH. All heifers received 25 mg PGF2α at 48 and 72 hours after the insertion of P4 device. At 84 hours after insertion, P4 devices were removed, and ovulation was induced 24 hours later with hCG (2500 IU). Heifers were inseminated at 12 and 24 hours after hCG treatment. The number of ovulatory follicles was greatest for heifers treated with Folltropin and B50-rbFSH, least for heifers treated with A50-rbFSH, and was intermediate for heifers treated with A100-rbFSH (25.7 ± 3.2, 18.9 ± 3.2, 5.9 ± 0.9, and 16.6 ± 3.1, respectively; P < 0.001). The number of corpora lutea was greatest for heifers treated with Folltropin, B50-rbFSH, and A100-rbFSH, and least for heifers treated with A50-rbFSH (19.1 ± 2.4, 16.1 ± 3.0, 15.9 ± 2.9, and 2.6 ± 0.9, respectively; P < 0.001). The number of good-quality embryos differed among treatments and was greatest for heifers treated with B50-rbFSH, Folltropin, and A100-rbFSH and least for heifers treated with A50-rbFSH (7.6 ± 2.4, 6.5 ± 1.7, 4.3 ± 1.5, and 0.8 ± 0.5, respectively; P < 0.001). In conclusion, a single injection of a preparation of long-acting rbFSH (either 100 μg of A-rbFSH or 50 μg of B-rbFSH but not 50 μg of A-rbFSH) produced similar superovulatory responses resulting in the production of good-quality embryos when compared with a pituitary-derived FSH preparation administered twice daily for 4 days. More studies using different types of cattle and different doses of rbFSH are needed to confirm the findings reported in this preliminary study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo D Carvalho
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Robb W Bender
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Giovanni M Baez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ana R Dresch
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jerry N Guenther
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alex H Souza
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul M Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Tríbulo A, Rogan D, Tríbulo H, Tríbulo R, Mapletoft RJ, Bó GA. Superovulation of beef cattle with a split-single intramuscular administration of Folltropin-V in two concentrations of hyaluronan. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1679-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mapletoft RJ, Bó GA. The evolution of improved and simplified superovulation protocols in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:278-83. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Superovulation protocols have improved greatly since the early days of bovine embryo transfer when purified gonadotrophins were not available, follicular wave dynamics were unknown physiological phenomena and prostaglandins were not available. Although superstimulatory protocols in cattle are normally initiated mid-cycle, elective control of follicular wave emergence and ovulation have had a great impact on the application of on-farm embryo transfer. However, the most common treatment for the synchronisation of follicular wave emergence involves the use of oestradiol, which cannot be used in many parts of the world. Therefore, the need for alternative treatments has driven recent research. An approach that has shown promise is to initiate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatments at the time of the emergence of the new follicular wave following ovulation induced by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Alternatively, it has been shown that it may be possible to ignore follicular wave status and, by extending the treatment protocol, induce subordinate follicles to superovulate. Finally, the short half-life of pituitary FSH necessitates twice-daily treatments, which are time-consuming, stressful and subject to error. Recent treatment protocols have permitted superstimulation with a single FSH treatment or two treatments 48 h apart, reducing the need for animal handling during gonadotrophin treatments.
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12
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Superstimulation of ovarian follicular development in beef cattle with a single intramuscular injection of Folltropin-V. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 129:7-13. [PMID: 22115521 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The need to inject FSH twice daily for superstimulation of ovarian follicular development in cattle necessitates frequent attention by farm-personnel and increases the possibility of failures due to mishandling and errors in administration of treatments. A series of three experiments were designed to evaluate the feasibility of superstimulation in beef cattle with a single intramuscular (IM) injection of Folltropin-V diluted in a hyaluronan-based slow-release formulation (SRF). In Experiment 1, cows were assigned to one of three treatment groups to compare two methods of injection as compared to the twice daily IM injection protocol. Superovulatory response of cows (n=6) treated with twice daily IM injections over 4 days (Control) was greater than of cows treated with a single subcutaneous (SC) injection in SRF (n=6), while superovulatory response of cows treated with a single IM injection in SRF (n=6) was intermediate. Experiment 2 was designed to compare two concentrations of SRF (20mg/mL hyaluronan, 100% compared to 10mg/mL hyaluronan, 50%) in a single IM injection protocol. The mean number of corpora lutea (CL) were not significantly different (P≥0.05), but the numbers of total ova/embryos (P<0.05), fertilized ova (P<0.01) and transferable embryos (P<0.001) were greater in cows treated with FSH in 100% SRF (n=20) than cows treated with FSH in 50% SRF (n=20). Experiment 3 was designed to compare superovulatory response in Red Angus donor cows treated with a single IM injection of Folltropin-V diluted in 100% solution of SRF with those treated with the traditional twice-daily IM injection protocol over 4 days. Mean (±SEM) numbers of CL (13.7±1.2 compared to 13.8±1.2), total ova/embryos (12.3±1.5 compared to 13.7±2.1), fertilized ova (7.2±1.1 compared to 8.4±1.4) and transferable embryos (4.9±0.8 compared to 6.4±1.3) were not significantly different between Control (n=29) and Single injection (n=29) groups, respectively. In summary, superstimulation of beef donor cows with a single IM injection of Folltropin-V diluted in 100% solution of SRF resulted in a comparable superovulatory response to the traditional twice-daily IM administration of Folltropin-V diluted in saline over 4 days.
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Bó GA, Guerrero DC, Tríbulo A, Tríbulo H, Tríbulo R, Rogan D, Mapletoft RJ. New approaches to superovulation in the cow. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:106-12. [PMID: 20003851 DOI: 10.1071/rd09226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is continuing need to simplify bovine superovulation protocols without compromising embryo production. The control of follicular wave emergence and ovulation has facilitated donor management, but the most commonly used treatment, oestradiol, cannot be used in many parts of the world and mechanical removal of the dominant follicle is difficult to apply in the field. Other alternatives include gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or LH, but efficacy in groups of randomly cycling animals is variable. Another alternative is to increase the response to GnRH by inducing a persistent follicle and initiating FSH treatments following GnRH-induced ovulation. The number of transferable embryos following superovulation during the first follicular wave did not differ from that achieved 4 days after oestradiol benzoate and progesterone. To further simplify superovulation, FSH has been administered as a single intramuscular injection. Superovulation of beef donors with a single intramuscular injection of Folltropin-V (Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, ON, Canada) diluted in a slow-release formulation resulted in embryo production comparable to that obtained using the traditional twice-daily protocol. The single intramuscular injection has the potential to reduce labour and handling and may be useful when handling stress is an impediment to success. These alternatives provide ways of facilitating widespread application of embryo transfer technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Rizzo A, Spedicato M, Minoia G, Mutinati M, Cinone M, Jirillo F, Sciorsci RL. Follicular development in pregnant cows after the administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG): a new insight. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:536-42. [PMID: 19874219 DOI: 10.3109/08923970902814152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The follicular development in the cow occurs in a wave-like pattern, and it takes place also during pregnancy. In the cow, Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) is used for superovulation, but a decrease in total fertility has been reported, likely because of its immunogenic properties in species other than equine. In this regard, immune response has been implicated in follicular growth, ovulation, and placental development. So, aims of our study are to test the safety of eCG administered during pregnancy and characterize the ovarian activity, the quality of oocytes, the hormonal status, and interleukin levels in eCG-treated pregnant cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rizzo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Alvarez RH, Martinez AC, Pires RML. Superovulatory Response of Zebu Cows Treated with pFSH in a Single Subcutaneous Injection Followed by an Additional Intramuscular Sub-Dose 48 h Later. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:421-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Lopes da Costa L, Chagas e Silva J, Robalo Silva J. Superovulatory response, embryo quality and fertility after treatment with different gonadotrophins in native cattle. Theriogenology 2001; 56:65-77. [PMID: 11467519 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied native Mertolengo cattle to evaluate superovulatory (SOV) treatments, subsequent fertility of donors and pregnancy rate of recovered embryos. In Experiment 1 we compared superovulatory response (SR), embryo quality and plasma progesterone (P4) levels between donors treated with eCG (10 cows and 5 heifers) vs. FSH (pure, FSH-1, n=10 cows and crude, FSH-2, n=10 cows), during progestagenic impregnation. We also compared fertilization rates and embryo quality of bred and inseminated eCG and FSH-1 donors. Significantly more viable embryos were yielded by FSH than by eCG treated donors. Less FSH-1 than FSH-2-treated donors showed SR, but the response was identical in responder donors of both groups. Fertilization rates were significantly higher in bred than in inseminated donors. Plasma P4 levels were only significantly different (higher) between responder and non-responder donors on the day of embryo recovery. Experiment 2 compared FSH treatments (FSH-2, crude, n=11 cows and FSH-3, pure, n=10 cows) started at the midluteal phase. The mean number of viable embryos was significantly higher in FSH-3 than in FSH-2 treated donors. Both FSH treatments exerted a similar luteotrophic effect upon injection. The FSH-2 donors treated during the midluteal phase yielded more ova and showed significantly higher plasma P4 levels at all sampling days than those treated during progestagenic impregnation. The pregnancy rates of recipient cows were 67% and 46% for fresh and frozen-thawed embryos respectively. In Experiment 3, the fertility of donors (n=20) after SOV treatments was compared with that of untreated cows (n=40). Time to conception of donors, after mating with a bull 14 days after embryo recovery, was identical to that of control cows. There was some delay to conception in eCG-treated cows, but the difference was not significant. These preliminary results suggest that response to SOV treatments in Mertolengo cattle might be affected by the type of gonadotrophin and by the treatment protocol. The fertility of a traditional breeding season after SOV treatments was not impaired. Cryopreserved embryo banking can be used to preserve the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lopes da Costa
- Laboratory of Reproduction, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.
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17
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Goodhand KL, Staines ME, Hutchinson JS, Broadbent PJ. In vivo oocyte recovery and in vitro embryo production from bovine oocyte donors treated with progestagen, oestradiol and FSH. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 63:145-58. [PMID: 10989225 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of treatment of donor cattle with progestagen and oestradiol or FSH on in vivo oocyte recovery and in vitro embryo production was studied. Forty-eight beefxFriesian cows formed eight replicates of six treatments in a 2 (no steroid versus steroid)x3 (none, single or multiple dose(s) of FSH) factorial design in which follicles were aspirated once weekly for 3 weeks. Oocytes were graded, washed, matured for 20-24h and then inseminated with frozen/thawed semen from a single sire followed by coculture on granulosa cell monolayers. Treatment with steroid had no significant effect on any follicular, oocyte or embryo production variate other than to reduce the number (P<0.05) and the diameter of large follicles>10mm (P<0.01) present at aspiration. FSH increased numbers of medium (6-10mm) and large follicles (P<0.01) and there was a corresponding decrease in the number of small follicles (2-5mm; P<0. 01). The total number of follicles at aspiration increased from 17. 7+/-1.60 for animals not treated with FSH to 23.6+/-1.97 following multiple dose treatment with FSH (P<0.05). Significantly, more follicles were aspirated following FSH treatment (no FSH 9.7+/-1.09, single dose FSH 13.6+/-1.30, multiple dose FSH 17.3+/-1.52; P<0.05) and numbers of oocytes recovered per cow per week increased (no FSH 4.1+/-0.76, single dose FSH 5.3+/-0.87, multiple dose FSH 5.9+/-0. 94) but the differences were not significant. Significantly, more good oocytes (Category 1) were recovered from animals treated with FSH (P<0.05). There was no overall significant effect of FSH on embryo production rate or the total number of transferable embryos produced but the number of transferable embryos was highest following administration of multiple doses of FSH. In conclusion, progestagen plus oestradiol 17beta treatment did not affect follicle, oocyte and embryo production of oocyte donors aspirated once per week. FSH treatment, however, significantly increased the number of follicles aspirated and Category 1 oocytes recovered. Multiple dose administration of FSH resulted in the production of the highest number of transferable embryos but this effect was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Goodhand
- Scottish Agricultural College, Ferguson Building, Craibstone, Bucksburn, AB21 9YA, Aberdeen, UK.
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18
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Fricke PM, al-Hassan MJ, Roberts AJ, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA, Ford JJ. Effect of gonadotropin treatment on size, number, and cell proliferation of antral follicles in cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1997; 14:171-80. [PMID: 9171975 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(97)00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of gonadotropins on the size, number, and cell proliferation of antral ovarian follicles, cows received FSH-P or vehicle beginning on Day 2 after estrus, and ovaries were collected 6, 12, 24, or 48 hr after the initiation of FSH-P treatment or 24 or 48 hr after the initiation of vehicle treatment. Ovaries also were collected from untreated cows on Day 2 after estrus (pretreatment). Before fixation, all visible antral follicles were counted and their surface diameters were recorded. Proliferating cells were immunolocalized in fixed follicles by using a specific primary antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the labeling index (LI; percentage of cells staining positively for PCNA) was determined for granulosa and thecal cells. After 48 hr of treatment, FSH-P-treated cows had fewer (P < 0.01) small antral follicles and more medium and large antral follicles (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) compared with vehicle-treated cows. Granulosa cell LI was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with follicular diameter for vehicle-treated but not for FSH-P-treated cows. Analysis of covariance using follicular diameter as a covariate to adjust to a common diameter indicated that granulosa cell LI was greater (P < 0.05) at 24 and 48 hr in FSH-P-treated than in vehicle-treated cows; conversely, thecal cell LI was greater (P < 0.01) at 48 hr in FSH-P-treated compared with vehicle-treated cows but did not differ at 24 hr. Across all groups, the LI of cells located within the antral half of the granulosa cell layer was greater (P < 0.01) than that of cells located within the basal half. In conclusion, the stimulation of follicular development by exogenous gonadotropins increased or maintained the proliferation of granulosa and thecal cells concomitant with continued follicular growth. Therefore, enhanced follicular cell proliferation may be an important mechanism by which FSH-P superinduces the growth of antral follicles in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Fricke
- Reproduction Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
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19
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Kelly P, Duffy P, Roche JF, Boland MP. Superovulation in cattle: effect of FSH type and method of administration on follicular growth, ovulatory response and endocrine patterns. Anim Reprod Sci 1997; 46:1-14. [PMID: 9231242 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(96)01589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although different FSH preparations and injection regimens are used to superovulate cattle, the optimum treatment regimen and blood concentrations of FSH to induce effective superovulatory responses are currently not known. The current objective was to evaluate the pattern of follicular growth, oestradiol-17 beta(E2) concentrations and yield of embryos in heifers following superovulation with two different pFSH preparations reportedly differing in LH content. In experiment 1, 90 synchronised heifers were superovulated at mid-cycle using a 2 x 2 factorial design comparing Folltropin (Vetrepharm; low LH) with Pluset (Serovet; FSH:LH ratio 1:1) administered either as a single or multiple (8 for Folltropin, MF and 10 for Pluset, MP) injections. Animals were inseminated during oestrus which was induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue and embryos were recovered 7 days later. Overall, Pluset treatments compared with Folltropin resulted in more ovulations and unfertilized or degenerate embryos (P < 0.05). Multiple injections resulted in more (P < 0.05) freezable (MF = 55 +/- 1.2; MP = 3.8 +/- 1.0) and transferable embryos (MF = 2.68 +/- 0.9; MP = 2.71 +/- 0.9) than single injections (SF = 2.2 +/- 0.5 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 respectively; SP = 2.6 +/- 0.8 and 1.3 +/- 0.4 respectively); there was also a higher (P < 0.05) percentage embryo recovery rate. In two subsequent experiments, animals (n = 17) were superovulated with either single or multiple injections of Folltropin or Pluset as described and blood samples were collected and analysed for E2 concentrations. Ovarian scanning was carried out until 72 h after the first FSH injection, to count medium (5-9 mm) and large (> or = 10 mm) follicles. Heifers treated with SP had higher E2 concentrations in comparison with heifers treated with SF at 18, 36-48 and 84-96 h after the FSH injection. There were no differences in E2 concentrations in heifers treated with MF or MP treatments. Heifers treated with SP had greater numbers of follicles compared to SF treated heifers (21.0 +/- 3.1 vs 13.9 +/- 2.2; P = 0.089) on the third day after FSH injection. There were no differences between the numbers of medium and large follicles in heifers treated with MF or MP at any time throughout the experimental period. These data indicate that a single injection of Folltropin or Pluset can result in multiple ovulations and that the E2 profiles are different following single injections of either Folltropin or Pluset.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kelly
- University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Ireland
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20
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Mantovani R, Enright WJ, Roche JF, Boland MP. The effect of immunization of heifers against α 1–26 inhibin conjugate on the superovulatory response to pFSH. Theriogenology 1997; 47:511-9. [PMID: 16728003 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/1996] [Accepted: 08/28/1996] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 121 heifers was blocked by time and diet and then randomly assigned, within block, to an inhibin-immunized (I) or a control (C) group. Immunized heifers (n = 61) received a primary immunization (Day 0) with 0.33 mg of an alpha 1-26 bovine inhibin fragment-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate injected with non-ulcerative Freund's and DEAE-dextran adjuvants. Booster injections were given on Days 28 and 56. Control heifers (n = 60) received HSA and adjuvants. On Days 56 and 83 the ovaries of heifers were examined by ultrasound to determine the ovulation rate, and blood samples were collected for antibody titer determination. On Day 84, 61 heifers (C, n = 30; I, n = 31) received a total of 24 mg of porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH), while 60 heifers (C, n = 30; I, n = 30) received 12 mg im pFSH, which was administered twice daily for 4 d in decreasing doses during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Luteolysis was induced with prostaglandin F(2alpha) analog. The heifers were artificially inseminated and were slaughtered 7 d after estrus. Embryos were recovered and morphologically graded on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = excellent; 5 = degenerated). Antibody titers (percentage binding at 1:125 serum dilution) differed (P < 0.01) between Group C and I heifers at Days 56 (0.1 vs 30%) and 83 (0.2 vs 37%), and 26% of Group I and 1% of Group C heifers (P < 0.01) had twin ovulations on Day 83. The mean number of embryos recovered was reduced (P = 0.02) in Group I heifers (8.9 +/- 1.2) compared with C heifers (12.1 +/- 1.1); however, the mean number of freezable embryos (Grades 1 and 2) was not affected (P = 0.61) by immunization, and there was no interaction with pFSH (P = 0.36). Ovulation rate as well as embryo yield and quality were not different (P > 0.10) between Group C and I heifers when 12 mg pFSH were administered; however, immunization decreased the superovulatory response to 24 mg of pFSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mantovani
- Faculty of Agriculture, University College Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Bo GA, Hockley DK, Nasser LF, Mapletoft RJ. Superovulatory response to a single subcutaneous injection of Folltropin-V in beef cattle. Theriogenology 1994; 42:963-75. [PMID: 16727601 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/1994] [Accepted: 08/25/1994] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4 experiments were designed to evaluate the feasibility of superstimulation in beef cattle with a single sc injection of the porcine pituitary extract, Folltropin-V. In the preliminary study (Experiment 1), superovulatory response of cows (n=7) treated with a single sc injection of 400 mg NIH-FSH-P1 Folltropin-V was not different than that of cows (n=8) superstimulated with twice daily im injections over 4 d, or a single sc injection plus an injection of eCG (n=12). Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to determine the optimal site of a single sc injection. In Experiment 2, cows (n=25) with body condition scores (BCS) of 1 to 2 were used. The mean number of CL counted and ova/embryos collected was lower (P<0.05) in cows treated with the single sc injection in the neck region than in cows treated with a single sc injection behind the shoulder, or with the twice daily im injection treatment. In Experiment 3, cows (n=49) with BCS of 3 to 5 were used. There were no differences in the number of CL, total ova/embrvos collected, fertilized ova and transferable embryos whether treatments were given in the neck region or behind the shoulder, or whether the cows were implanted or not implanted with Syncro-Mate-B. Experiment 4 was designed to determine the optimal superstimulatory dosage of Folltropin-V administered by a single sc injection. Superovulatory response of cows treated with the higher doses (400 mg, 600 mg or 800 mg NIH-FSH-P1) was higher (P<0.05) than those treated with 200 mg NIH-FSH-P1. The number of unovulated (>or=10 mm) follicles at the time of ova/embryo collection was higher (P<0.05) in the 600 and 800 mg groups, and progesterone concentration at estrus was higher (P<0.05) in cows treated with 800 mg than with 400 or 200 mg. It was concluded that a single, bolus sc injection of 400 mg NIH-FSH-P1 of Folltropin-V is as efficacious as the 4-d, twice daily im treatment protocol for inducing superovulation in beef cows. The amount of subcutaneous fat and site of injection appeared to affect the efficacy of a single sc injection; a single bolus sc injection of Folltropin-V behind the shoulder resulted in the most predictable superovulatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bo
- Department of Herd Medicine and Theriogenology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
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Dattena M, Vespignani S, Branca A, Gallus M, Ledda S, Naitana S, Cappai P. Superovulatory response and quality of embryos recovered from anestrus ewes after a single injection of porcine FSH dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone. Theriogenology 1994; 42:235-9. [PMID: 16727530 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)90267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/1993] [Accepted: 05/12/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a single injection of porcine FSH (pFSH) administered in long acting vehicle on the superovulatory response of milk (Sarda breed) sheep were determined during the anestrous season. The sheep (n=42), synchronized with intravaginal sponges (40 mg fluorogestone acetate -FGA- for 14 d) were submitted 24 h before sponge removal to three different superovulatory treatments. Group 1 (n=16) was treated with a single intramuscular (im) injection of 16 mg of pFHS dissolved in 30 % polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); Group 2 (n=12) was injected im with 6, 5, 3 and 2 mg of pFSH every 12 h over 2 d; Group 3 (n=14) was given 800 IU of PMSG and 12 mg of pFSH. All sheep were mated with a fertile ram. Embryos were recovered surgically at Day 7 of sponge removal and graded for the quality according to their morphology. The percentage of good quality embryos recovered was 84% in Group 1, 68% in Group 2 and 77% in Group 3. Data for the onset of estrus, number of corpora lutea (CL), number of unovulated follicles, embryo recovery rate, embryo quality and fertilization rate were recorded for the 3 groups. The onset of estrus, number of CL, number of unovulated follicles, fertilization rate and number of good quality embryos did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The embryo recovery rate was significantly lower in the group treated with PMSG-FSH (Group 3) than in the 2 other groups. It is concluded that during the anestrous season a single injection im of pFSH results on average in a superovulatory response as good as the more traditional treatments like multiple injections of pFSH and PMSG-pFSH combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dattena
- Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna, Olmedo, Italy
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