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de Alencar NMN, Mota MRL, Rodrigues NV, Martins JL, do Nascimento KS, Assreuy AMS, Cavada BS. Neutrophil-infiltrated paw edema induced by mannose-binding Dioclea violacea lectin. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:220-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)70982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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PETERSEN NIELSERIK, ELMGREEN JENS, TEISNER BØRGE, SVEHAG SVENERIK. Activation of Classical Pathway Complement in Chronic Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Queiroz AFS, Moura RM, Ribeiro JKC, Lyra IL, Cunha DCS, Santos EA, de-Sales MP. Pro-inflammatory effect in mice of CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:216-21. [PMID: 17933589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians agglutinated type A papainized erythrocytes and was strongly inhibited by d-galactose and sucrose. Models of leukocyte migration in vivo were used to study the inflammatory activity of CvL through of mouse paw oedema and peritonitis. Effect of CvL on peritoneal macrophage activation was analysed. Effects of corticoids and NSAIDS drugs were also evaluated on peritonitis stimulated by CvL. Results showed that mouse hind-paw oedema induced by subplantar injections of CvL was dose dependent until 50 microg/cavity. This CvL dose when administered into mouse peritoneal cavities induced maxima cell migration (9283 cells/microL) at 24 h after injection. This effect was preferentially inhibited by incubation of CvL with the carbohydrates d-galactose followed by sucrose. Pre-treatment of mice with 3% thioglycolate increases the peritoneal macrophage population 2.3 times, and enhanced the neutrophil migration after 24 h CvL injection (75.8%, p<0.001) and no significant effect was observed in the presence of fMLP. Finally, pre-treatment of mice with dexamethasone (cytokine antagonist) decreased (65.6%, p<0.001), diclofenac (non-selective NSAID) decreased (34.5%, p<0.001) and Celecoxib (selective NSAID) had no effect on leukocyte migration after submission at peritonitis stimulated by CvL, respectively. Summarizing, data suggest that CvL shows pro-inflammatory activity, inducing neutrophil migration probably by pathway on resident macrophage activation and on chemotaxis mediated by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F S Queiroz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Alencar NMN, Assreuy AMS, Alencar VBM, Melo SC, Ramos MV, Cavada BS, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. The galactose-binding lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds induces in vivo neutrophil migration by indirect mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 35:1674-81. [PMID: 12962707 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore the pathways by which lectins induce an inflammatory response, the lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa (VML) seeds was used to induce neutrophil migration in rats. The lectin was shown to cause cell migration, with the effect partially blocked when galactose was added to inhibit lectin activity. Neutrophil migration was also reduced when peritoneal cavity of the animals was depleted of their resident cells beforehand, suggesting that neutrophil migration was mediated by an indirect mechanism. Pre-treatment of rats with thioglycollate increased recruitment of neutrophils while depletion of mast cells by the addition of compound 48/80 had little effect on neutrophil infiltration, suggesting the involvement of macrophages in the inflammatory process induced by the lectin. Inhibition of the cyclooxigenase, leukotriene and PAF activities by indomethacin, MK886 and BN50730, respectively, did not modify the pro-inflammatory effect previously observed. However, dexamethasone and thalidomide significantly reduced the population of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity after lectin injection. The present study suggests that the effects produced by a galactose-binding lectin do not involve lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase or PAF mediators that are well known to be involved in the inflammatory process. The blocking actions of dexamethasone and thalidimide suggest that as yet unidentified pro-inflammatory mediators are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nylane M N Alencar
- Departamentos de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60.451-970 Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Ogino K, Izumi Y, Ishiyama H, Murata T, Kobayashi H, Houbara T. Zinc hydroxide stimulates superoxide production by rat alveolar macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185:1115-21. [PMID: 1320875 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of zinc hydroxide on superoxide (O2-) production by rat alveolar macrophages was determined by chemiluminescence and by cytochrome c reduction. Zinc ions had no effect on the chemiluminescence of unstimulated alveolar macrophages. By contrast, zinc hydroxide (ZnOH2), a neutralized form of zinc ions, increased the chemiluminescence level and O2- release. Increased O2- release was inhibited by pertussis toxin, isoquinoline sulfonamide and pretreatment with EGTA. These findings indicate that zinc hydroxide formation from zinc compounds can stimulate the O2- production by alveolar macrophages by receptor-mediated and Ca(2+)-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Weiler
- Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City
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Petersen NE, Teisner B, Folkersen J, Svehag SE. Heterogeneity of C4d and C3d and their complex formation with serum albumin. ACTA PATHOLOGICA, MICROBIOLOGICA, ET IMMUNOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION C, IMMUNOLOGY 1987; 95:129-35. [PMID: 3499750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1987.tb00020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight (Mr around 175 KD) forms of C4d and C3d as well as free C4d and C3d (Mr about 40 KD) were demonstrable in normal human serum (NHS). Following in vitro C activation in NHS by delta IgG, the 40 KD C4d component increased markedly. By immunofixation it was shown that the high molecular forms of C4d and C3d reacted with biotinylated anti-human albumin IgG, whereas the 40 KD-free C4d and C3d fragments did not. Furthermore, the incorporation of anti-albumin IgG in the first dimensional gel in crossed immunoelectrophoresis caused retention of the 175 KD C4d component but not of free C4d. The 175 KD C4d had a distinctly higher electrophoretic migration velocity (post-albumin region) than the 40 KD C4d fragment. The C3d-, C4d-serum albumin complexes could not be dissociated by reducing agents (DTT, mercaptoethanol), a non-ionic detergent, or exposure to high and low ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Petersen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Odense, Denmark
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Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. The release of a neutrophil chemotactic factor from peritoneal macrophages by endotoxin: inhibition by glucocorticoids. Eur J Pharmacol 1986; 129:65-76. [PMID: 2429849 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(86)90337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids inhibit the migration of neutrophils induced by endotoxin (E. coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in vivo. Macrophage monolayers stimulated by LPS showed a dose-dependent release into the supernatant of a chemotactic factor for neutrophils, MNCF, which was active in vivo and in vitro. Dexamethasone reduced the neutrophil migration into the abdominal cavities of rats that was induced by LPS, but did not affect the migration induced by MNCF. The release of MNCF by LPS-pretreated macrophage monolayers was inhibited by dexamethasone and hydrocortisone but not by indomethacin and BW755C. MNCF was stable at 56 degrees C and did not release histamine from mast cells. Thus, MNCF activity seems not to be due to arachidonic acid metabolites or C5/C5a. MNCF shares some properties with interleukin-I, such as the blockade of its release by glucocorticoids, the association of its activity with a material of a molecular weight greater than 10 000 Daltons and the abolition of its activity by incubation with phenylglyoxal. However MNCF liberation was not blocked by cycloheximide and the time course of its release by macrophage monolayers stimulated by LPS differed from that described for interleukin-1. In addition human interleukin-1 when tested in dexamethasone-treated test rats failed to induce neutrophil migration. It is suggested that inhibition by glucocorticoids of LPS-induced neutrophil migration in vivo is not due to a direct effect upon the migrating cells but rather to an indirect one, i.e. through blockade of MNCF release by macrophages.
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Webb J, Whaley K. Complement and immune complex diseases. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1986; 16:268-78. [PMID: 2944500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1986.tb01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research during the past decade has led to a much greater understanding of the activation and control, as well as a more complete delineation, of the complement system of proteins. There has been definition of the roles of individual components in modulation of immune complex formation, the deposition of which leads to tissue injury in the autoimmune connective tissue diseases. The ability of serum to render immune complexes more soluble is complement-mediated and appears to be an important protective mechanism against immune complex diseases. Inherited deficiencies and production of non-functional variants of complement components, decreased synthesis, hypercatabolism, and the presence of serum inhibitors may all contribute to the reduced immune complex solubilisation which has been found in the connective tissue diseases. More work is required to define further the role of complement and immune complexes in the basic pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Gronski P, Bodenbender L, Kanzy EJ, Loos M, Seiler FR. The modulation of immune complex aggregation by classical pathway-mediated reactions. Immunobiology 1985; 169:346-61. [PMID: 3874147 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(85)80016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical pathway (CP)-triggered reactions of complement-modulated immune complex (IC) aggregation (tetanus toxoid/human anti-tetanus toxoid-IgG; ICs of equivalence) were investigated turbidimetrically during the early stages of reaction. Monospecific Fab'- or Fab-fragments (rabbit) directed against certain complement components were used to block the complement function in normal human serum (NHS). Additionally, parts of the reactions were studied using purified complement components. C1q in serum generated by the addition of EDTA as well as purified C1q were found to increase the IC aggregation. In contrast to C1q, macromolecular C1 is able to inhibit IC aggregation, whereas additional participation of C-1 INH reversed this process. The cooperation of the remaining CP proteins (C4, C2, C4bp, and I) reconstituted the inhibition capacity of the complement. Whereas C3 supported significantly inhibition, a significant influence of other effector pathway (EP) components (C5-C9) was not detectable turbidimetrically.
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Higgins AJ, Lees P. The acute inflammatory process, arachidonic acid metabolism and the mode of action of anti-inflammatory drugs. Equine Vet J 1984; 16:163-75. [PMID: 6428879 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid covalently bound in esterified form in the cell membranes of most body cells. Following irritation or injury, arachidonic acid is released and oxygenated by enzyme systems leading to the formation of an important group of inflammatory mediators, the eicosanoids. It is now recognised that eicosanoid release is fundamental to the inflammatory process. For example, the prostaglandins and other prostanoids, products of the cyclooxygenase enzyme pathway, have potent inflammatory properties and prostaglandin E2 is readily detectable in equine acute inflammatory exudates. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs results in inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and this explains the mode of action of agents such as phenylbutazone and flunixin. Lipoxygenase enzymes metabolise arachidonic acid to a group of noncyclised eicosanoids, the leukotrienes, some of which are also important inflammatory mediators. They are probably of particular importance in leucocyte-mediated aspects of chronic inflammation. Currently available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, however, do not inhibit lipoxygenase activity. In the light of recent evidence, the inflammatory process is re-examined and the important emerging roles of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase derived eicosanoids are explored. The mode of action of current and future anti-inflammatory drugs offered to the equine clinician can be explained by their interference with arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Morgan BP, Campbell AK, Luzio JP, Siddle K. Immunoradiometric assay for human complement component C9 utilising monoclonal antibodies. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 134:85-94. [PMID: 6652914 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A two-site immunoradiometric assay for human C9 has been developed. The assay utilised two non-competing monoclonal antibodies to C9 in a single incubation assay protocol. The detection limit of the assay was 0.1 ng (1.4 X 10(-15) moles) in a sample volume of 100 microliters. Using this assay the C9 concentration in normal human plasma was 60.2 +/- 14.9 mg/l (mean +/- 1 standard deviation, 8.5 X 10(-10) mol/l. Significantly elevated levels were found in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (90.4 +/- 19.9 mg/l, mean +/- 1 SD). Measurements of C9 in cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid were also performed. The low levels of C9 in cerebrospinal fluid (less than 1 mg/l), undetectable by previously available assay methods, were easily measurable with this highly sensitive assay.
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Veitch J, Love C, Chaudhuri AK, Whaley K. Complement deficiency syndromes and bacterial infections. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1983; 59:69-80. [PMID: 6665131 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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