1
|
Ethanol production from high cellulose concentration by the basidiomycete fungus Flammulina velutipes. Fungal Biol 2013; 117:220-6. [PMID: 23537879 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol production by Flammulina velutipes from high substrate concentrations was evaluated. F. velutipes produces approximately 40-60 g l(-1) ethanol from 15% (w/v) D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, sucrose, maltose, and cellobiose, with the highest conversion rate of 83% observed using cellobiose as a carbon source. We also attempted to assess direct ethanol fermentation from sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SCBC) by F. velutipes. The hydrolysis rate of 15% (w/v) SCBC with commercial cellulase was approximately 20%. In contrast, F. velutipes was able to produce a significant amount of ethanol from 15% SCBC with the production of β-glucosidase, cellobohydrolase, and cellulase, although the addition of a small amount of commercial cellulase to the culture was required for the conversion. When 9 mg g(-1) biomass of commercial cellulase was added to cultures, 0.36 g of ethanol was produced from 1 g of cellulose, corresponding to an ethanol conversion rate of 69.6%. These results indicate that F. velutipes would be useful for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JE, Lee SE, Choi WY, Kang DH, Lee HY, Jung KH. Bioethanol Production using a Yeast Pichia stipitis from the Hydrolysate of Ulva pertusa Kjellman. 한국균학회지 2011. [DOI: 10.4489/kjm.2010.39.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Madhavan A, Srivastava A, Kondo A, Bisaria VS. Bioconversion of lignocellulose-derived sugars to ethanol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:22-48. [PMID: 21204601 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.539551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural and agro-industrial residues represents one of the most important renewable resources that can be utilized for the biological production of ethanol. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used for the commercial production of bioethanol from sucrose or starch-derived glucose. While glucose and other hexose sugars like galactose and mannose can be fermented to ethanol by S. cerevisiae, the major pentose sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose remain unutilized. Nevertheless, D-xylulose, the keto isomer of xylose, can be fermented slowly by the yeast and thus, the incorporation of functional routes for the conversion of xylose and arabinose to xylulose or xylulose-5-phosphate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can help to improve the ethanol productivity and make the fermentation process more cost-effective. Other crucial bottlenecks in pentose fermentation include low activity of the pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and competitive inhibition of xylose and arabinose transport into the cell cytoplasm by glucose and other hexose sugars. Along with a brief introduction of the pretreatment of lignocellulose and detoxification of the hydrolysate, this review provides an updated overview of (a) the key steps involved in the uptake and metabolism of the hexose sugars: glucose, galactose, and mannose, together with the pentose sugars: xylose and arabinose, (b) various factors that play a major role in the efficient fermentation of pentose sugars along with hexose sugars, and (c) the approaches used to overcome the metabolic constraints in the production of bioethanol from lignocellulose-derived sugars by developing recombinant S. cerevisiae strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Madhavan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delgenes JP, Moletta R, Navarro JM. Fermentation of D-xylose, D-glucose, L-arabinose mixture by Pichia stipitis: Effect of the oxygen transfer rate on fermentation performance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 34:398-402. [PMID: 18588117 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260340314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Delgenes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station d'Oenologie et de Technologie des Produits Végétaux, Boulevard du Général de Gaulle 11104 Narbonne Cedex France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferrari MD, Neirotti E, Albornoz C, Saucedo E. Ethanol production from eucalyptus wood hemicellulose hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 40:753-9. [PMID: 18601178 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol production was evaluated from eucalyptus wood hemicellulose acid hydrolysate using Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124. An initial lag phase characterized by flocculation and viability loss of the yeast inoculated was observed. Subsequently, cell regrowth occurred with sequential consumption of sugars and production of ethanol. Polyol formation was detected. Acetic acid present in the hydrolysate was an important inhibitor of the fermentation, reducing the rate and the yield. Its toxic effect was due essentially to its undissociated form. The fermentation was more effective at an oxygen transfer rate between 1.2 and 2.4 mmol/L h and an initial pH of 6.5. The hydrolysate used in the experiences had the following composition (expressed in grams per liter): xylose 30, arabinose 2.8, glucose 1.5, galactose 3.7, mannose 1.0, cellobiose 0.5, acetic acid 10, glucuronic acid 1.5, and galacturonic acid 1.0. The best values obtained were maximum ethanol concentration 12.6 g/L, fermentation time 75 h, fermentable sugar consumption 99% ethanol yield 0.35 g/g sugars consumed, and volumetric ethanol productivity 4 g/L day. (
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Ferrari
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Administración Nacional de Combustibles, Alcohol y Portland, (ANCAP), Pando, Canelones, C.P. 91000, Uruguay
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dellweg H, Klein C, Prahl S, Rizzi M, Weigert B. Kinetics of ethanol production from D‐xylose by the yeastpichia stipitis. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439009549729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dellweg
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - C. Klein
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - S. Prahl
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - M. Rizzi
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| | - B. Weigert
- a Institute of Biotechnology , Technical University of Berlin, Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie , Berlin 65, Seestraße 13 , D 1000
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chu BCH, Lee H. Genetic improvement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for xylose fermentation. Biotechnol Adv 2007; 25:425-41. [PMID: 17524590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in recent years in the bioconversion of forestry and agricultural residues into ethanol and value-added chemicals. High ethanol yields from lignocellulosic residues are dependent on efficient use of all the available sugars including glucose and xylose. The well-known fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred microorganism for ethanol production, but unfortunately, this yeast is unable to ferment xylose. Over the last 15 years, this yeast has been the subject of various research efforts aimed at improving its ability to utilize xylose and ferment it to ethanol. This review examines the research on S. cerevisiae strains that have been genetically modified or adapted to ferment xylose to ethanol. The current state of these efforts and areas where further research is required are identified and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron C H Chu
- University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chandrakant P, Bisaria VS. Simultaneous bioconversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to ethanol. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1999; 18:295-331. [PMID: 9887507 DOI: 10.1080/0738-859891224185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as their main constituents are the most abundant renewable organic resource present on Earth. The conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose for production of fuel ethanol is being studied intensively with a view to develop a technically and economically viable bioprocess. The fermentation of glucose, the main constituent of cellulose hydrolyzate, to ethanol can be carried out efficiently. On the other hand, although bioconversion of xylose, the main pentose sugar obtained on hydrolysis of hemicellulose, to ethanol presents a biochemical challenge, especially if it is present along with glucose, it needs to be fermented to make the biomass-to-ethanol process economical. A lot of attention therefore has been focussed on the utilization of both glucose and xylose to ethanol. Accordingly, while describing the advancements that have taken place to get xylose converted efficiently to ethanol by xylose-fermenting organisms, the review deals mainly with the strategies that have been put forward for bioconversion of both the sugars to achieve high ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity. The approaches, which include the use of (1) xylose-fermenting yeasts alone, (2) xylose isomerase enzyme as well as yeast, (3) immobilized enzymes and cells, and (4) sequential fermentation and co-culture process are described with respect to their underlying concepts and major limitations. Genetic improvements in the cultures have been made either to enlarge the range of substrate utilization or to channel metabolic intermediates specifically toward ethanol. These contributions represent real significant advancements in the field and have also been adequately dealt with from the point of view of their impact on utilization of both cellulose and hemicellulose sugars to ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chandrakant
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meinander NQ, Hahn-Hägerdal B. Fed-batch xylitol production with two recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing XYL1 at different levels, using glucose as a cosubstrate: A comparison of production parameters and strain stability. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 54:391-9. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970520)54:4<391::aid-bit12>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Effect of oxygen transfer rate on levels of key enzymes of xylose metabolism in Debaryomyces hansenii. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Hahn-Hägerdal B, Jeppsson H, Skoog K, Prior B. Biochemistry and physiology of xylose fermentation by yeasts. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
du Preez J. Process parameters and environmental factors affecting d-xylose fermentation by yeasts. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
13
|
Nolleau V, Preziosi-Belloy L, Delgenes JP, Navarro JM. Xylitol production from xylose by two yeast strains: Sugar tolerance. Curr Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01692875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Xu J, Taylor KB. Characterization of Ethanol Production from Xylose and Xylitol by a Cell-Free
Pachysolen tannophilus
System. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:231-5. [PMID: 16348847 PMCID: PMC202083 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.1.231-235.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole cells and a cell extract of
Pachysolen tannophilus
converted xylose to xylitol, ethanol, and CO
2
. The whole-cell system converted xylitol slowly to CO
2
and little ethanol was produced, whereas the cell-free system converted xylitol quantitatively to ethanol (1.64 mol of ethanol per mol of xylitol) and CO
2
. The supernatant solution from high-speed centrifugation (100,000 ×
g
) of the extract converted xylose to ethanol, but did not metabolize xylitol unless a membrane fraction and oxygen were also present. Fractionation of the crude cell extract by gel filtration resulted in an inactive fraction in which ethanol production from xylitol was fully restored by the addition of NAD
+
and ADP. The continued conversion of xylose to xylitol in the presence of fluorocitrate, which inhibited aconitase, demonstrated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle was not the source of the electrons for the production of xylitol from xylose. Therefore, the source of the electrons is indirectly identified as an oxidative pentose-hexose cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Fermentation Facility, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Mishra
- Biochemical Engineering Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cofermentation of glucose and xylose to ethanol by a respiratory-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-cultivated with a xylose-fermenting yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(93)90117-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Laplace JM, Delgenes JP, Moletta R, Navarro JM. Alcoholic fermentation of glucose and xylose by Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis: oxygen requirement as a key factor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Roseiro JC, Peito MA, Gírio FM, Amaral-Collaço MT. The effects of the oxygen transfer coefficient and substrate concentration on the xylose fermentation by Debaryomyces hansenii. Arch Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00245396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
Skoog K, Hahn-Hägerdal B. Effect of Oxygenation on Xylose Fermentation by
Pichia stipitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3389-94. [PMID: 16348343 PMCID: PMC184958 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3389-3394.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oxygen limitation on xylose fermentation by
Pichia stipitis
(CBS 6054) was investigated in continuous culture. The maximum specific ethanol productivity (0.20 g of ethanol g dry weight
−1
h
−1
) and ethanol yield (0.48 g/g) was reached at an oxygen transfer rate below 1 mmol/liter per h. In the studied range of oxygenation, the xylose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) and xylitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.9) activities were constant as well as the ratio between the NADPH and NADH activities of xylose reductase. No xylitol production was found. The pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) activity increased and the malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) activity decreased with decreasing oxygenation. With decreasing oxygenation, the intracellular intermediary metabolites sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and malate accumulated slightly while pyruvate decreased. The ratio of the xylose uptake rate under aerobic conditions, in contrast to that under anaerobic assay conditions, increased with increasing oxygenation in the culture. The results are discussed in relation to the energy level in the cell, the redox balance, and the mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Skoog
- Applied Microbiology, Chemical Center, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alexander NJ. Characterization of a respiratory-deficient mutant of Pachysolen tannophilus. Curr Genet 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00313077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
du Preez JC, van Driessel B, Prior BA. Effect of aerobiosis on fermentation and key enzyme levels during growth of Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Candida tenuis on d-xylose. Arch Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00456092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Ligthelm ME, Prior BA, Du Preez JC. Effect of hydrogen acceptors onD-xylose fermentation by anaerobic culture of immobilizedPachysolen tannophilus cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989; 33:839-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260330707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
du Preez JC, van Driessel B, Prior BA. D-xylose fermentation by Candida shehatae and pichia stipitis at low dissolved oxygen levels in fed-batch cultures. Biotechnol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01192189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Fermentation of D-xylose is of interest in enhancing the yield of ethanol obtainable from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Such hydrolysates can contain both pentoses and hexoses, and while technology to convert hexoses to ethanol is well established, the fermentation of pentoses had been problematical. To overcome the difficulty, yeasts and fungi have been sought and identified in recent years that can convert D-xylose into ethanol. However, operation of their cultures in the presence of the pentose to obtain rapid and efficient ethanol production is somewhat more complex than in the archetype alcoholic fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on D-glucose. The complexity stems, in part, from the association of ethanol accumulation in cultures where D-xylose is the sole carbon source with conditions that limit growth, by oxygen in particular, although limitation by other nutrients might also be implicated. Aspects of screening for appropriate organisms and of the parameters that play a role in determining culture variables, especially those associated with ethanol productivity, are reviewed. Performance with D-xylose as sole carbon source, in sugar mixtures, and in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. A model that involves biochemical considerations of D-xylose metabolism is presented that rationalizes the effects of oxygen on cultures where D-xylose is the sole carbon source, notably effects of the specific rate of oxygen use on the rate and extent of ethanol accumulation. Alternate methods to direct fermentation of D-xylose have been developed that depend on its prior isomerization to D-xylose, followed by fermentation of the pentulose by certain yeasts and fungi. Factors involved in the biochemistry, use, and performance of these methods, which with some organisms involves sensitivity to oxygen, are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schneider
- Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Barbosa MFS, Medeiros MB, Mancilha IM, Schneider H, Lee H. Screening of yeasts for production of xylitol fromd-xylose and some factors which affect xylitol yield inCandida guilliermondii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01569582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
The induction of D-xylose catabolizing enzymes inPachysolen tannophilus and the relationship to anaerobic D-xylose fermentation. Biotechnol Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01134831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Lee H, Atkin AL, Barbosa MF, Dorscheid DR, Schneider H. Effect of biotin limitation on the conversion of xylose to ethanol and xylitol by Pachysolen tannophilus and Candida guilliermondii. Enzyme Microb Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(88)90002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Lee H, Schneider H. Ethanol production from xylitol and some other polyols byPichia angophorae. Biotechnol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01026665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Pachysolen tannophilus: Properties and process considerations for ethanol production from d-xylose. Enzyme Microb Technol 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(87)90043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Patel GB, MacKenzie CR, Agnew BJ. Fermentation of xylose and hemicellulose hydrolysates by an ethanol-adapted culture of Bacteroides polypragmatus. Arch Microbiol 1986; 146:68-73. [PMID: 3813774 DOI: 10.1007/bf00690161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides polypragmatus type strain GP4 was adapted to grow in the presence of 3.5% (w/v) ethanol by successive transfers into 1% (w/v) D-xylose media supplemented with increasing concentrations of ethanol. The maximum specific growth rate of the ethanol-adapted culture (mu = 0.30 h-1) was not affected by up to 2% (w/v) ethanol but that of the non-adapted strain declined by about 50%. The growth rate of both cultures was limited by nutrient(s) contained in yeast extract. The ethanol yield of the adapted culture (1.01 mol/mol xylose) was higher than that (0.80 mol/mol xylose) of the non-adapted strain. The adapted culture retained the ability to simultaneously ferment pentose and hexose sugars, and moreover it was not inhibited by xylose concentrations of 7-9% (w/v). This culture also readily fermented hemicellulose hydrolysates obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of either hydrogen fluoride treated or steam exploded Aspen wood. The ethanol yield from the fermentation of the hydrolysates was comparable to that obtained from xylose.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chung I, Lee Y. Effect of oxygen and redox potential on d-xylose fermentation by non-growing cells of Pachysolen tannophilus. Enzyme Microb Technol 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(86)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
du Preez JC, Bosch M, Prior BA. Xylose fermentation by Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis: effects of pH, temperature and substrate concentration. Enzyme Microb Technol 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(86)90136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Schneider H, Mahmourides G, Labelle JL, Lee H, Maki N, McNeill HJ. Correlation between limitation of growth ofPachysolen tannophilus on D-xylose with the formation of ethanol and other products. Biotechnol Lett 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Abstract
An overview of research on the biotechnical production of fuels and industrial chemicals during the two-year period of 1983-1984 is presented. Ethanol fermentation has continued to be the subject of major interest. A considerable amount of work has been directed to alternative feedstocks such as pentose sugars and lactose, and to bacterial fermentations. Reports on extrusion cooking as a continuous pretreatment method for subsequent ethanol fermentation, and on novel alternative downstream processing techniques have been published. In addition to ethanol fermentation, much attention has been paid to the biotechnical production of 2,3-butanediol, and of a number of organic and amino acids. In general, there appears to be a growing interest in the application of biocatalysis for the production of specialty chemicals, although only a few examples will be discussed in this paper. The construction of a demonstration plant to produce ethanol from molasses by a two 10 kL bed-volume immobilized yeast bioreactors at the Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Company Hofu plant, the announcement by Nitto Chemical Industries Company to begin the biotechnical production of acrylamide, and the French decision to construct pilot plants for the biotechnical production of acetone-butanol-ethanol cosolvent and of ethanol from renewable resources represent major scale-up developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Linko
- Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Engineering Laboratory, SF-02150 Espoo 15, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Factors in acid treated bagasse inhibiting ethanol production from d-xylose by Pachysolen tannophilus. Enzyme Microb Technol 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(84)90095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|