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Oehlenschläger K, Schepp E, Stiefelmaier J, Holtmann D, Ulber R. Simultaneous fermentation and enzymatic biocatalysis-a useful process option? BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:67. [PMID: 38796486 PMCID: PMC11128117 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotransformation with enzymes and de novo syntheses with whole-cell biocatalysts each have specific advantages. These can be combined to achieve processes with optimal performance. A recent approach is to perform bioconversion processes and enzymatic catalysis simultaneously in one-pot. This is a well-established process in the biorefinery, where starchy or cellulosic material is degraded enzymatically and simultaneously used as substrate for microbial cultivations. This procedure leads to a number of advantages like saving in time but also in the needed equipment (e.g., reaction vessels). In addition, the inhibition or side-reaction of high sugar concentrations can be overcome by combining the processes. These benefits of coupling microbial conversion and enzymatic biotransformation can also be transferred to other processes for example in the sector of biofuel production or in the food industry. However, finding a compromise between the different requirements of the two processes is challenging in some cases. This article summarises the latest developments and process variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Oehlenschläger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Emily Schepp
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Stiefelmaier
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Zhu Z, Wu S, Qi B, Wang C, Luo J, Wan Y. High-solids enzymatic saccharification of starch-rich raw herbal biomass residues for producing high titers of glucose. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86232-86243. [PMID: 37402046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The bioresource utilization of herbal biomass residues (HBRs) has been receiving more attention. Herein, three different HBRs from Isatidis Radix (IR) and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (SFR) and Ginseng Radix (GR) were subjected to batch and fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis to produce high-concentration glucose. Compositional analysis showed the three HBRs had substantial starch content (26.36-63.29%) and relatively low cellulose contents (7.85-21.02%). Due to their high starch content, the combined action of cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes resulted in greater release of glucose from the raw HBRs compared to using the individual enzyme alone. Batch enzymatic hydrolysis of 10% (w/v) raw HBRs with low loadings of cellulase (≤ 10 FPU/g substrate) and amylolytic enzymes (≤ 5.0 mg/g substrate) led to a high glucan conversion of ≥ 70%. The addition of PEG 6000 and Tween 20 did not contribute to glucose production. Furthermore, to achieve higher glucose concentrations, fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using a total solid loading of 30% (w/v). After 48-h of hydrolysis, glucose concentrations of 125 g/L and 92 g/L were obtained for IR and SFR residues, respectively. GR residue yielded an 83 g/L glucose concentration after 96 h of digestion. The high glucose concentrations produced from these raw HBRs indicate their potential as ideal substrate for a profitable biorefinery. Notably, the obvious advantage of using these HBRs is the elimination of the pretreatment step, which is typically required for agricultural and woody biomass in similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Zhu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-Rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Sirong Wu
- National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Benkun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Caixia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341119, China
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Govindaraju I, Zhuo GY, Chakraborty I, Melanthota SK, Mal SS, Sarmah B, Baruah VJ, Mahato KK, Mazumder N. Investigation of structural and physico-chemical properties of rice starch with varied amylose content: A combined microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal study. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.
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Oberoi HS, Kalra KL, Uppal DS, Tyagi SK. Effects of different drying methods of cauliflower waste on drying time, colour retention and glucoamylase production by Aspergillus niger NCIM 1054. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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. RS, . IN, . GE. Bioconversion of Raw Starch to SCP by Coculture of Cryptococcus aerius and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2005.717.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schügerl K, Gerlach SR, Siedenberg D. Influence of the process parameters on the morphology and enzyme production of Aspergilli. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 60:195-266. [PMID: 9468803 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several papers have been published dealing with various fungi to determine their morphology, enzyme production or process performance. However, no publication considered all of these aspects simultaneously. In the case of the production of xylanase by Aspergillus awamori the interrelationship of various key parameters are investigated. The influence of the reactor type (shake flasks, stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactor), the medium composition (semisynthetic and complex medium with wheat bran of different sizes, respectively as well as different concentrations of phosphate), and the specific power input (stirrer speed) on the growth, morphology, physiology, and productivity of the fungus are investigated. The results reveal a complex interrelationship which explains why the published results are contradictory. Without considering all of the relevant parameters, it is not possible to make general conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schügerl
- Institut für Technische Chemie der Universität Hannover, Germany
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Murado M, González M, Torrado A, Pastrana L. Amylase production by solid state culture of Aspergillus oryzae on polyurethane foams. Some mechanistic approaches from an empirical model. Process Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(96)00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Angelova MB, Genova LK, Slokoska LS, Pashova SB. Effect of glucose on the superoxide dismutase production in fungal strain Humicola lutea. Can J Microbiol 1995; 41:978-83. [PMID: 7497355 DOI: 10.1139/m95-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of glucose on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity produced in Humicola lutea 110 was determined. The relatively high glucose concentration in the medium did not repress SOD levels in the cells. Glycerol, a nonfermentable carbon source, caused a slight stimulation of SOD synthesis. Furthermore, the specific rates of enzyme production in the medium with different glucose concentration showed an insignificant difference. Cyclic AMP had no effect on SOD levels. The shift in metabolism as glucose was depleted resulted in an increase in the rate of synthesis of both isocitric dehydrogenase and SOD. Pentachlorophenol and paraquat, which cause the production of superoxide radicals, caused an increase in SOD activity. These results led us to conclude that it is superoxide ion rather than glucose that is controlling SOD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Angelova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Bandyopadhyay A, Sen SK, Pal SC. Extracellular amylase synthesis byBacillus globisporus BH-1b. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370140116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Miranda M, Murado M, Sanroman A, Lema J. Mass transfer control of enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides by glucoamylase. Enzyme Microb Technol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(91)90170-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Horn CH, De Kock A, Du Preez JC, Lategan PM. A Comparative Study of the Amylolytic Ability of Lipomyces and Schwanniomyces Yeast Species. Syst Appl Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(88)80022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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