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Xiao M, Ren X, Yu Y, Gao W, Zhu C, Sun H, Kong Q, Fu X, Mou H. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharides: Sources, biological activities, and food applications. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100233. [PMID: 35498987 PMCID: PMC9039932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides are high molecular weight polysaccharides that are secreted by a wide range of bacteria, with diverse structures and easy preparation. Fucose, fucose-containing oligosaccharides (FCOs), and fucose-containing polysaccharides (FCPs) have important applications in the food and medicine fields, including applications in products for removing Helicobacter pylori and infant formula powder. Fucose-containing bacterial exopolysaccharide (FcEPS) is a prospective source of fucose, FCOs, and FCPs. This review systematically summarizes the common sources and applications of FCPs and FCOs and the bacterial strains capable of producing FcEPS reported in recent years. The repeated-unit structures, synthesis pathways, and factors affecting the production of FcEPS are reviewed, as well as the degradation methods of FcEPS for preparing FCOs. Finally, the bioactivities of FcEPS, including anti-oxidant, prebiotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-microbial activities, are discussed and may serve as a reference strategy for further applications of FcEPS in the functional food and medicine industries.
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Key Words
- 2′-FL, 2′-fucosyllactose
- 3-FL, 3-fucosyllactose
- ABTS, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate
- Bacterial exopolysaccharides
- Bioactivity
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EPS, exopolysaccharides
- FCOs, fucose-containing oligosaccharides
- FCPs, fucose-containing polysaccharides
- FcEPS, fucose-containing EPS
- Food application
- Fucose
- HMOs, human milk oligosaccharides
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- Structure
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors.
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Siddharth T, Sridhar P, Vinila V, Tyagi RD. Environmental applications of microbial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS): A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112307. [PMID: 33798774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, water demand and wastewater generation has increased due to urbanization around the globe which had led to an increase in the utilization of chemicals/synthetic polymers for treating the wastewaters. These synthetic polymers used during the coagulation/flocculation process are non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and have a potential neurotoxic and carcinogenic effect. From the literature it is clear that extracellular polymer substance (EPS) is a potential bioflocculant, moreover it is renewable, biodegradable, eco-friendly, non-toxic as well as economically valued product. The various identification techniques and extraction methods of EPS are elaborated. Further application of EPS as absorbent in removing the dye from the industrial effluent is presented. Moreover EPS as a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal from the various effluent is discussed. In addition, EPS is also utilized for soil remediation and soil erosion control. Mainly, EPS as bioflocculant in treating raw water, wastewater treatment, leachate and sludge management are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Siddharth
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology - Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - P Sridhar
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology - Warangal, Telangana, India.
| | - V Vinila
- Water and Environment Division, Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology - Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - R D Tyagi
- Chief Scientific Officer, BOSK Bioproducts, Canada
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Abstract
Tolyporphins, relatively new members of the pigments of life family found in a cyanobacterium, differ in the chromophores, pyrroline substituents, and stereochemistry, yet likely all derive from uroporphyrinogen III.
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Gutierrez T, Morris G, Ellis D, Mulloy B, Aitken MD. Production and characterisation of a marine Halomonas surface-active exopolymer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1063-1076. [PMID: 31813048 PMCID: PMC6962145 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During screening for novel emulsifiers and surfactants, a marine gammaproteobacterium, Halomonas sp. MCTG39a, was isolated and selected for its production of an extracellular emulsifying agent, P39a. This polymer was produced by the new isolate during growth in a modified Zobell’s 2216 medium amended with 1% glucose, and was extractable by cold ethanol precipitation. Chemical, chromatographic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis confirmed P39a to be a high-molecular-weight (~ 261,000 g/mol) glycoprotein composed of carbohydrate (17.2%) and protein (36.4%). The polymer exhibited high emulsifying activities against a range of oil substrates that included straight-chain aliphatics, mono- and alkyl- aromatics and cycloparaffins. In general, higher emulsification values were measured under low (0.1 M PBS) compared to high (synthetic seawater) ionic strength conditions, indicating that low ionic strength is more favourable for emulsification by the P39a polymer. However, as observed with other bacterial emulsifying agents, the polymer emulsified some aromatic hydrocarbon species, as well as refined and crude oils, more effectively under high ionic strength conditions, which we posit could be due to steric adsorption to these substrates as may be conferred by the protein fraction of the polymer. Furthermore, the polymer effected a positive influence on the degradation of phenanthrene by other marine bacteria, such as the specialist PAH-degrader Polycyclovorans algicola. Collectively, based on the ability of this Halomonas high-molecular-weight glycoprotein to emulsify a range of pure hydrocarbon species, as well as refined and crude oils, it shows promise for the bioremediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. .,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health,, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Dave Ellis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael D Aitken
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health,, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Gutierrez T, Morris G, Ellis D, Bowler B, Jones M, Salek K, Mulloy B, Teske A. Hydrocarbon-degradation and MOS-formation capabilities of the dominant bacteria enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:205-215. [PMID: 30301032 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A distinctive feature of the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill was the formation of significant quantities of marine oil snow (MOS), for which the mechanism(s) underlying its formation remain unresolved. Here, we show that Alteromonas strain TK-46(2), Pseudoalteromonas strain TK-105 and Cycloclasticus TK-8 - organisms that became enriched in sea surface oil slicks during the spill - contributed to the formation of MOS and/or dispersion of the oil. In roller-bottle incubations, Alteromonas cells and their produced EPS yielded MOS, whereas Pseudoalteromonas and Cycloclasticus did not. Interestingly, the Cycloclasticus strain was able to degrade n-alkanes concomitantly with aromatics within the complex oil mixture, which is atypical for members of this genus. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidence on the hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities for these bacteria enriched during the DwH spill, and that bacterial cells of certain species and their produced EPS played a direct role in MOS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Gordon Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Dave Ellis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernard Bowler
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Jones
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Laboratory for Molecular Structure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andreas Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Beerens K, Van Overtveldt S, Desmet T. The “epimerring” highlights the potential of carbohydrate epimerases for rare sugar production. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1306738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Beerens
- Unit for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stevie Van Overtveldt
- Unit for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Unit for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Maalej H, Hmidet N, Boisset C, Bayma E, Heyraud A, Nasri M. Rheological and emulsifying properties of a gel-like exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Role of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the Fate of the Oil Released during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67717. [PMID: 23826336 PMCID: PMC3694863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Halomonas species are recognized for producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) exhibiting amphiphilic properties that allow these macromolecules to interface with hydrophobic substrates, such as hydrocarbons. There remains a paucity of knowledge, however, on the potential of Halomonas EPS to influence the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. In this study, the well-characterized amphiphilic EPS produced by Halomonas species strain TG39 was shown to effectively increase the solubilization of aromatic hydrocarbons and enhance their biodegradation by an indigenous microbial community from oil-contaminated surface waters collected during the active phase of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Three Halomonas strains were isolated from the Deepwater Horizon site, all of which produced EPS with excellent emulsifying qualities and shared high (97-100%) 16S rRNA sequence identity with strain TG39 and other EPS-producing Halomonas strains. Analysis of pyrosequence data from surface water samples collected during the spill revealed several distinct Halomonas phylotypes, of which some shared a high sequence identity (≥97%) to strain TG39 and the Gulf spill isolates. Other bacterial groups comprising members with well-characterized EPS-producing qualities, such as Alteromonas, Colwellia and Pseudoalteromonas, were also found enriched in surface waters, suggesting that the total pool of EPS in the Gulf during the spill may have been supplemented by these organisms. Roller bottle incubations with one of the Halomonas isolates from the Deepwater Horizon spill site demonstrated its ability to effectively produce oil aggregates and emulsify the oil. The enrichment of EPS-producing bacteria during the spill coupled with their capacity to produce amphiphilic EPS is likely to have contributed to the ultimate removal of the oil and to the formation of oil aggregates, which were a dominant feature observed in contaminated surface waters.
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Abstract
Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the last two decades. These products, including pullulan, scleroglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although fungal EPSs are highly relevant, to date information concerning fungal biosynthesis is scarce and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of fungal EPSs are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. An inclusive and illustrative review on fungal EPS is presented here. The general outline of the present work includes fungal EPS production, their compositions and applications. An emphasis is also given to listing out different fungal strains that can produce EPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Mahapatra
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Debdulal Banerjee
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Beerens K, Desmet T, Soetaert W. Enzymes for the biocatalytic production of rare sugars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:823-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbohydrates are much more than just a source of energy as they also mediate a variety of recognition processes that are central to human health. As such, saccharides can be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries to stimulate our immune system (e.g., prebiotics), to control diabetes (e.g., low-calorie sweeteners), or as building blocks for anticancer and antiviral drugs (e.g., l-nucleosides). Unfortunately, only a small number of all possible monosaccharides are found in nature in sufficient amounts to allow their commercial exploitation. Consequently, so-called rare sugars have to be produced by (bio)chemical processes starting from cheap and widely available substrates. Three enzyme classes that can be used for rare sugar production are keto–aldol isomerases, epimerases, and oxidoreductases. In this review, the recent developments in rare sugar production with these biocatalysts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Beerens
- grid.5342.0 0000000120697798 Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- grid.5342.0 0000000120697798 Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Wim Soetaert
- grid.5342.0 0000000120697798 Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure links 653 9000 Gent Belgium
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Racine M, Dumont J, Champagne C, Morin A. Production and characterization of the polysaccharide fromPropionibacterium acidi-propionicion whey-based media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb04453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Emulsifying and metal ion binding activity of a glycoprotein exopolymer produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain TG12. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:4867-76. [PMID: 18552188 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00316-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new exopolymer that exhibits high emulsifying activities against a range of oil substrates and demonstrates a differential capacity to desorb various mono-, di-, and trivalent metal species from marine sediment under nonionic and seawater ionic-strength conditions. This polymer, PE12, was produced by a new isolate, Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain TG12 (accession number EF685033), during growth in a modified Zobell's 2216 medium amended with 1% glucose. Chemical and chromatographic analysis showed it to be a high-molecular-mass (>2,000 kDa) glycoprotein composed of carbohydrate (32.3%) and protein (8.2%). PE12 was notable in that it contained xylose as the major sugar component at unusually high levels (27.7%) not previously reported for a Pseudoalteromonas exopolymer. The polymer was shown to desorb various metal species from marine sediment-a function putatively conferred by its high content of uronic acids (28.7%). Seawater ionic strength (simulated using 0.6 M NaCl), however, caused a significant reduction in PE12's ability to desorb the sediment-adsorbed metals. These results demonstrate the importance of electrolytes, a physical parameter intrinsic of seawater, in influencing the interaction of microbial exopolymers with metal ions. In summary, PE12 may represent a new class of Pseudoalteromonas exopolymer with a potential for use in biotechnological applications as an emulsifying or metal-chelating agent. In addition to the biotechnological potential of these findings, the ecological aspects of this and related bacterial exopolymers in marine environments are also discussed.
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Gutiérrez T, Mulloy B, Black K, Green DH. Glycoprotein emulsifiers from two marine Halomonas species: chemical and physical characterization. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:1716-27. [PMID: 17953582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To partially purify and characterize bioemulsifiers produced by two new marine Halomonas species, TG39 and TG67, and to compare their emulsifying activities with those of commercial emulsifiers. METHODS AND RESULTS The production of emulsifiers HE39 and HE67 was achieved from glucose-supplemented marine broth, and recovered by cell removal, concentration by ultrafiltration, precipitation with salt and ethanol, and lyophilization. Purification and chemical analysis revealed both emulsifiers to be glycoproteins of high molecular weight with a notably high content of protein and uronic acids. Physical characterization showed both glycoproteins to effectively emulsify a wide range of food oils under both neutral and acidic pH conditions and withstand acid and high temperature treatment. CONCLUSIONS The emulsifying activities of these two new glycoprotein emulsifiers were comparable and, under certain conditions, superior to those produced by commercial emulsifiers tested (xanthan gum, gum arabic and lecithin). They show the highest reported emulsifying activities derived from a Halomonas species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These strains, and the emulsifiers produced, appear to be promising candidates for further development in applications requiring emulsifiers that are natural and compatible to the existing commercial emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gutiérrez
- Microbial and Molecular Biology Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Scotland, UK
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Gutiérrez T, Mulloy B, Bavington C, Black K, Green DH. Partial purification and chemical characterization of a glycoprotein (putative hydrocolloid) emulsifier produced by a marine bacterium Antarctobacter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1017-26. [PMID: 17641887 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During screening for novel emulsifiers and surfactants, a marine alphaproteobacterium, Antarctobacter sp. TG22, was isolated and selected for its production of an extracellular emulsifying agent, AE22. This emulsifier was produced optimally in a low-nutrient seawater medium supplemented with glucose and was extractable by cold ethanol precipitation of the high-molecular-weight fraction (>100 kDa). Production of AE22 commenced towards the late exponential phase of growth, with maximum emulsifying activity detected after approximately 4 days of the cells entering the death phase. Chemical, chromatographic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis confirmed AE22 to be a high-molecular-weight (>2,000 kDa) glycoprotein with high uronic acids content, thus denoting an apparent polyanionic structure. Functional characterization showed this polymer to compare well to xanthan gum and gum arabic as an emulsion-stabilizing agent for a range of different food oils. However, AE22 exhibited better stabilizing than emulsifying properties, which could be conferred by its viscosifying effect in solution or from certain chemical groups found on the polysaccharide or protein moieties of the polymer. This new high-molecular-weight glycoprotein exhibits interesting functional qualities that are comparable to other biopolymers of this type and shows particular promise as an emulsion-stabilizing agent in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutiérrez
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Biology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK
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15
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Shepherd R, Rockey J, Sutherland IW, Roller S. Novel bioemulsifiers from microorganisms for use in foods. J Biotechnol 1995; 40:207-17. [PMID: 7632394 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00053-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to test the range of microorganisms for production of extracellular, high molecular weight emulsifiers for potential use in foods. A standard emulsification assay developed specifically for assessing food emulsifiers was used to examine 24 extracellular microbial products from bacteria, yeasts and algae. Of the 24 products tested, nine had emulsification ability that was as good as and eight had emulsifying properties that were better than those of the commonly used food emulsifiers gum arabic and carboxymethylcellulose. The eight good producer organisms included the yeasts Candida utilis, Candida valida, Hansenula anomala, Rhodospiridium diobovatum and Rhodotorula graminis, the red alga Porphiridium cruentum, and the bacteria Klebsiella spp. and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Of these, C. utilis was selected for further study due to the excellent emulsification properties of its extracellular products and food-grade status of the organism. Crude preparations of the bioemulsifier from C. utilis exhibited low viscosity and had a carbohydrate content of over 80%. Preliminary trials showed that the bioemulsifier from this organism had potential for use in salad cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shepherd
- Leatherhead Food Research Association, Surrey, UK
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16
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Production and purification of rhamnose from microbial polysaccharide produced by Klebsiella sp. I-714. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The effects of glucose, osmolarity, temperature and mode of growth on exopolysaccharide production in Pseudomonas cepacia was studied in batch culture using a chemically defined growth medium. Polymer production was maximal under conditions of a 2% (w/v) glucose supplement, 0.4 M NaCl and an incubation temperature of 35 degrees C. In addition, polysaccharide composition and molecular weight varied with mode of growth. On agar culture there was a decrease in pyruvate and rhamnose content yet an increase in the amount of acetate compared to the polymer isolated from broth culture equivalents. The clinical implications of these results are discussed in relation to the potential pathogenicity of P. cepacia in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Allison
- Pharmacy Department, Manchester University, United Kingdom
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19
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Morin A, Moresoli C, Rodrigue N, Dumont J, Racine M, Poitras E. Effect of carbon, nitrogen, and agitation on exopolysaccharide production by Enterobacter agglomerans grown on low-grade maple sap. Enzyme Microb Technol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90083-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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New method for detecting rhamnolipids excreted byPseudomonas species during growth on mineral agar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02438660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Biosynthesis of high concentrations of an exopolysaccharide during the cultivation of the microalgaBotryococcus braunii. Biotechnol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01089478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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