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Qian M, Zeng Y, Mao S, Jia L, Hua E, Lu F, Liu X. Engineering of a fungal steroid 11α-hydroxylase and construction of recombinant yeast for improved production of 11α-hydroxyprogesterone. J Biotechnol 2022; 353:1-8. [PMID: 35654275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP68J5 from filamentous fungus Aspergillus ochraceus is industrially used for selective C11α-hydroxylation of canrenone and progesterone. To improve its selectivity of C11α-hydroxylation for relevant steroid substrates, a sequence-based targeted mutagenesis combined with saturation mutagenesis was conducted to search for variants with improved hydroxylation reaction specificity toward progesterone and D-ethylgonendione. Recombinant yeast expressing triple mutant V64F/E65G/N66T showed significantly increased C11α-hydroxylation selectivity (85 % VS WT 69.7 %). Saturation mutagenesis of V64, E65 and N66 resulted in the identification of single mutant V64K with greatly enhanced 11α-hydroxylation specificity toward progesterone (90.6 % VS WT 69.7 %). Furthermore, mutant N66D showed significant enhanced selectivity of C11α-hydroxylation toward D-ethylgonendione (70.8 % VS WT 58 %). Evaluation of recombinant yeast over-expressing V64K for progesterone transformation in 50 mL scale resulted in product 11α-OH progesterone concentrations of 432.5 mg/L, a 30.2 % increase compared with the CYP68J5 control. Our results also reveal that V64, E65 and N66 are key residues of CYP68J5 influencing its selectivity of C11α-hydroxylation, thus offering opportunities for further engineering of CYP68J5 for expanded industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, China, The College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, TUST, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yulong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Longgang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Erbing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, China, The College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, TUST, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Improved 11α-hydroxycanrenone production by modification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene in Aspergillus ochraceus. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:99-114. [PMID: 32697747 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Eplerenone is a drug that protects the cardiovascular system. 11α-Hydroxycanrenone is a key intermediate in eplerenone synthesis. We found that although the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system in Aspergillus ochraceus strain MF018 could catalyse the conversion of canrenone to 11α-hydroxycanrenone, its biocatalytic efficiency is low. To improve the efficiency of 11α-hydroxycanrenone production, the CYP monooxygenase-coding gene of MF018 was predicted and cloned based on whole-genome sequencing results. A recombinant A. ochraceus strain MF010 with the high expression of CYP monooxygenase was then obtained through homologous recombination. The biocatalytic rate of this recombinant strain reached 93 % at 60 h without the addition of organic solvents or surfactants and was 17-18 % higher than that of the MF018 strain. Moreover, the biocatalytic time of the MF010 strain was reduced by more than 30 h compared with that of the MF018 strain. These results show that the recombinant A. ochraceus strain MF010 can overcome the limitation of substrate biocatalytic efficiency and thus holds a high poten tial for application in the industrial production of eplerenone.
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Wang X, Yang X, Jia X, Jin P, Wang Z, Lu F, Liu X. Determination of steroid hydroxylation specificity of an industrial strain Aspergillus ochraceus TCCC41060 by cytochrome P450 gene CYP68J5. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Contente ML, Guidi B, Serra I, De Vitis V, Romano D, Pinto A, Lenna R, de Souza Oliveira RP, Molinari F. Development of a high-yielding bioprocess for 11-α hydroxylation of canrenone under conditions of oxygen-enriched air supply. Steroids 2016; 116:1-4. [PMID: 27665527 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A high yielding bioprocess for 11-α hydroxylation of canrenone (1a) using Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 18500 was developed. The optimization of the biotransformation involved both fermentation (for achieving highly active mycelium of A. ochraceus) and biotransformation with the aim to obtain 11-α hydroxylation with high selectivity and yield. A medium based on sucrose as C-source resulted particularly suitable for conversion of canrenone into the corresponding 11-hydroxy derivative, whereas the use of O2-enriched air and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a co-solvent for increasing substrate solubility played a crucial role for obtaining high yields (>95%) of the desired product in high chemical purity starting from 30mM (10.2g/L) of substrate. The structure of the hydroxylated product was confirmed by a combination of two-dimensional NMR proton-proton correlation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Guidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio De Vitis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Lenna
- Industriale Chimica, Via Grieg 13, 21047 Saronno (VA), Italy
| | - Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira
- Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Nassiri-Koopaei N, Faramarzi MA. Recent developments in the fungal transformation of steroids. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gandomkar S, Hosseinzadeh L, Habibi Z. C-20 Ketone reduction of hydrocortisone by Fusarium solani and Aspergillus ochraceus. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2271-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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TANG H, LI Q, WANG Z, YAN D, XING J. Simultaneous Removal of Thiophene and Dibenzothiophene by Immobilized Pseudomonas delafieldii R-8 cells. Chin J Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(12)60362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Marques MPC, Fernandes P, Cabral JMS, Znidaršič-Plazl P, Plazl I. Continuous steroid biotransformations in microchannel reactors. N Biotechnol 2011; 29:227-34. [PMID: 22008387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of microchannel reactor based technologies within the scope of bioprocesses as process intensification and production platforms is gaining momentum. Such trend can be ascribed a particular set of characteristics of microchannel reactors, namely the enhanced mass and heat transfer, combined with easier handling and smaller volumes required, as compared to traditional reactors. In the present work, a continuous production process of 4-cholesten-3-one by the enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol without the formation of any by-product was assessed. The production was carried out within Y-shaped microchannel reactors in an aqueous-organic two-phase system. Substrate was delivered from the organic phase to aqueous phase containing cholesterol oxidase and the product formed partitions back to the organic phase. The aqueous phase was then forced through a plug-flow reactor, containing immobilized catalase. This step aimed at the reduction of hydrogen peroxide formed as a by-product during cholesterol oxidation, to avoid cholesterol oxidase deactivation due to said by-product. This setup was compared with traditional reactors and modes of operation. The results showed that microchannel reactor geometry outperformed traditional stirred tank and plug-flow reactors reaching similar conversion yields at reduced residence time. Coupling the plug-flow reactor containing catalase enabled aqueous phase reuse with maintenance of 30% catalytic activity of cholesterol oxidase while eliminating hydrogen peroxide. A final production of 36 m of cholestenone was reached after 300 hours of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P C Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Claudino MJC, Soares D, Van Keulen F, Marques MPC, Cabral JMS, Fernandes P. Immobilization of mycobacterial cells onto silicone--assessing the feasibility of the immobilized biocatalyst in the production of androstenedione from sitosterol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2304-11. [PMID: 17596940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicone rubbers are hydrophobic, a feature that may prove advantageous if this material is to be used as immobilization matrix in bioconversion systems where hydrophobic species are present, such as sterols and mycobacterial cells. Mycobacterium sp. cells with sitosterol side chain cleavage activity were accordingly effectively adsorbed onto silicone and the potential application of the concept was assessed by matching the behavior of the resulting immobilized biocatalyst with free cells and Celite immobilized cells. Mass transfer, kinetics, thermal and storage stability characterization of a biotransformation system based in the use of the silicone immobilized biocatalyst was performed. The feasibility of biocatalyst reutilization was tentatively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J C Claudino
- Departamento de Engenharias e Ciências Naturais, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Faramarzi MA, Adrangi S, Yazdi MT. MICROALGAL BIOTRANSFORMATION OF STEROIDS(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2008; 44:27-37. [PMID: 27041037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biotransformation of steroids is not a new concept, but most studies in this field have focused on fungal and bacterial systems. Microalgae, despite their photosynthetic ability and immense biodiversity, have not received much attention in this aspect until recently. Since the publication of the first article on microalgal biotransformation of steroids about 20 years ago, there have been many reports describing different modifications, including hydroxylation, reduction, side-chain degradation, and isomerization introduced by these microorganisms on estrane, androstane, and pregnane derivatives. On the other hand, the development of new large-scale cultivation systems, the adaptation of existing fermentation techniques to microalgae, and the introduction of microalgal genetic manipulation methods have made these organisms promising candidates for a wide range of biotechnological processes, including biotransformations. In this review, we have summarized the steroid transformation patterns of several microalgal strains and present a perspective of the future trends in microalgal biotechnology, including the possibility of adapting relatively new techniques, such as organic media catalysis and cell immobilization, to this specific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Sina Adrangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Tehran 14174, Iran
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Li YG, Xing JM, Xiong XC, Li WL, Gao HS, Liu HZ. Improvement of biodesulfurization activity of alginate immobilized cells in biphasic systems. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 35:145-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Angelova B, Fernandes P, Cruz A, Pinheiro H, Mutafov S, Cabral J. Hydroxylation of androstenedione by resting Rhodococcus sp. cells in organic media. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stark D, von Stockar U. In situ product removal (ISPR) in whole cell biotechnology during the last twenty years. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 80:149-75. [PMID: 12747544 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36782-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review sums up the activity in the field of in situ product removal in whole cell bioprocesses over the last 20 years. It gives a complete summary of ISPR operations with microbial cells and cites a series of interesting ISPR applications in plant and animal cell technology. All the ISPR projects with microbial cells are categorized according to their products, their ISPR techniques, and their applied configurations of the ISPR set-up. Research on ISPR application has primarily increased in the field of microbial production of aromas and organic acids such lactic acid over the last ten years. Apart from the field of de novo formation of bioproducts, ISPR is increasingly applied to microbial bioconversion processes. However, despite of the large number of microbial whole cell ISPR projects (approximately 250), very few processes have been transferred to an industrial scale. The proposed processes have mostly been too complex and consequently not cost effective. Therefore, this review emphasizes that the planning of a successful whole cell ISPR process should not only consider the choice of ISPR technique according to the physicochemical properties of the product, but also the potential configuration of the whole process set-up. Furthermore, additional process aspects, biological and legal constraint need to be considered from the very beginning for the design of an ISPR project. Finally, future trends of new, modified or improved ISPR techniques are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stark
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fernandes P, Cruz A, Angelova B, Pinheiro H, Cabral J. Microbial conversion of steroid compounds: recent developments. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fernandes P, Vidinha P, Ferreira T, Silvestre H, Cabral J, Prazeres D. Use of free and immobilized Pseudomonas putida cells for the reduction of a thiophene derivative in organic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Microbial biotransformations of various steroids are reviewed. Developmental studies on hydroxylation, carbon-carbon bond cleavage, enzymatic catalysis in nonaqueous solvents, use of cyclodextrin medium, cell immobilization, and new microbial reactions are highlighted. Various steroid substrates, their metabolites and the microorganisms used for the transformations are compiled covering the literature for the period 1992-1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Mahato
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta, India
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