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Sherief A, El-Naggar NEA, Hamza SS. Bioprocessing of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Production of Bioethanol using Thermotolerant Aspergillus fumigatus under Solid State Fermentation Conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY(FAISALABAD) 2010; 9:513-522. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2010.513.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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2
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Castro GR, Knubovets T. Homogeneous Biocatalysis in Organic Solvents and Water-Organic Mixtures. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/bty.23.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Glycosylation and pH stability of penicillin G acylase from providencia rettgeri produced in Pichia pastoris. ARCH BIOL SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.2298/abs0904581s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillin G acylase (PAC) is one of the most widely used enzymes in industrial synthesis of semi-synthetic antibiotics. The Providencia rettgeri pac gene was expressed to a level of 2.7 U/ml using the Pichia pastoris expression system. The recombinant enzyme was purified and its glycosylation status was determined. It was found that both subunits (? and ?) of the enzyme were N-glycosylated, while the ?-subunit also contained O-glycans. It was also observed that rPACP.rett. was stable in a wide range of pH, which, in addition to the previously proved high thermostability, makes it an attractive biocatalyst from an industrial point of view.
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Mislovičová D, Masárová J, Bučko M, Gemeiner P. Stability of penicillin G acylase modified with various polysaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Nutritional factors affecting organic solvent-tolerant alkaline protease production by a newBacillus cereus strain 146. ANN MICROBIOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03174966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gómez L, Ramírez HL, Neira-Carrillo A, Villalonga R. Polyelectrolyte complex formation mediated immobilization of chitosan-invertase neoglycoconjugate on pectin-coated chitin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2006; 28:387-95. [PMID: 16775742 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-005-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase, chemically modified with chitosan, was immobilized on pectin-coated chitin support via polyelectrolyte complex formation. The yield of immobilized enzyme protein was determined as 85% and the immobilized biocatalyst retained 97% of the initial chitosan-invertase activity. The optimum temperature for invertase was increased by 10 degrees C and its thermostability was enhanced by about 10 degrees C after immobilization. The immobilized enzyme was stable against incubation in high ionic strength solutions and was 4-fold more resistant to thermal treatment at 65 degrees C than the native counterpart. The biocatalyst prepared retained 96 and 95% of the original catalytic activity after ten cycles of reuse and 74 h of continuous operational regime in a packed bed reactor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leissy Gómez
- Center for Enzyme Technology, University of Matanzas, 44740, Matanzas, Cuba
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Gómez L, Ramírez HL, Villalonga ML, Hernández J, Villalonga R. Immobilization of chitosan-modified invertase on alginate-coated chitin support via polyelectrolyte complex formation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Zhang J, Guo YL. A novel modification reagent for proteins: monitoring by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2461-4. [PMID: 16059886 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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9
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Singleton RH, Povlishock JT. Identification and characterization of heterogeneous neuronal injury and death in regions of diffuse brain injury: evidence for multiple independent injury phenotypes. J Neurosci 2004; 24:3543-53. [PMID: 15071102 PMCID: PMC6729734 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5048-03.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse brain injury (DBI) is a consequence of traumatic brain injury evoked via rapid acceleration-deceleration of the cranium, giving rise to subtle pathological changes appreciated best at the microscopic level. DBI is believed to be comprised by diffuse axonal injury and other forms of diffuse vascular change. The potential, however, that the same forces can also directly injure neuronal somata in vivo has not been considered. Recently, while investigating DBI-mediated perisomatic axonal injury, we identified scattered, rapid neuronal somatic necrosis occurring within the same domains. Moving on the premise that these cells sustained direct somatic injury as a result of DBI, we initiated the current study, in which rats were intracerebroventricularly infused with various high-molecular weight tracers (HMWTs) to identify injury-induced neuronal somatic plasmalemmal disruption. These studies revealed that DBI caused immediate, scattered neuronal somatic plasmalemmal injury to all of the extracellular HMWTs used. Through this approach, a spectrum of neuronal change was observed, ranging from rapid necrosis of the tracer-laden neurons to little or no pathological change at the light and electron microscopic level. Parallel double and triple studies using markers of neuronal degeneration, stress, and axonal injury identified additional injured neuronal phenotypes arising in close proximity to, but independent of, neurons demonstrating plasmalemmal disruption. These findings reveal that direct neuronal somatic injury is a component of DBI, and diffuse trauma elicits a heretofore-unrecognized multifaceted neuronal pathological change within the CNS, generating heterogeneous injury and reactive alteration within both axons and neuronal somata in the same domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Singleton
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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11
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Enzyme-ion exchanger interactions in serine alkaline protease separation: theory, equilibria and kinetics. Biochem Eng J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Villalonga R, Villalonga ML, Gómez L. Preparation and functional properties of trypsin modified by carboxymethylcellulose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Longo MA, Combes D. Application of a chemoenzymatic glycosylation method to α-chymotrypsin and Candida rugosa lipase surface modifications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(96)00062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Matthijs G, Schacht E. Comparative study of methodologies for obtaining β-glucosidase immobilized on dextran-modified silica. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(96)00067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Battersby J, Clark R, Hancock W, Puchulu-Campanella E, Haggarty N, Poll D, Harding D. Sustained release of recombinant human growth hormone from dextran via hydrolysis of an imine bond. J Control Release 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-3659(96)01370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yamagata Y, Abe R, Fujita Y, Ichishima E. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the 90k serine protease gene, hspK, from Bacillus subtilis (natto) No. 16. Curr Microbiol 1995; 31:340-4. [PMID: 8528006 DOI: 10.1007/bf00294696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported purification and characterization of a 90k serine protease with pI 3.9 from Bacillus subtilis (natto) No. 16 [Kato et al. 1992 Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 56:1166]. The enzyme showed different and unique substrate specificity towards the oxidized B-chain of insulin from those of well-known bacterial serine proteases from Bacillus subtilisins. The structural gene, hspK, for the 90k serine protease was cloned and sequenced. The cloned DNA fragment contained a single open reading frame of 4302 bp coding a protein of 1433 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 90k-protease indicated the presence of a typical signal sequence of the first 30 amino acids region and that there was a pro-sequence of 164 amino acid residues after the signal sequence. The mature region of the 90k-protease started from position 195 of amino acid residue, and the following peptide consisted of 1239 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 133k. It might be a precursor protein of the 90k-protease, and the C-terminal region of 43k might be degraded to a mature protein from the precursor protein. The catalytic triad was thought to consist of Asp33, His81, and Ser259 from comparison of the amino acid sequence of the 90k-protease with those of the other bacterial serine proteases. The high-molecular-weight serine protease, the 90k-protease, may be an ancient form of bacterial serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Yamagata Y, Isshiki K, Ichishima E. Subtilisin Sendai from alkalophilic Bacillus sp.: molecular and enzymatic properties of the enzyme and molecular cloning and characterization of the gene, aprS. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995; 17:653-63. [PMID: 7605625 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We purified a new extracellular serine proteinase (designated subtilisin Sendai) from the culture broth of alkalophilic Bacillus sp. G-825-6, and its properties were characterized. Its optimum pH was at 10.0, when succinyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA) was used as a substrate. The substrate specificity of subtilisin Sendai was determined with oxidized insulin B-chain and fluorogenic peptidyl-MCA substrates. The isoelectric point of subtilisin Sendai was over 11.0. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated as 28,000 using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The circular dichroism spectrum of the enzyme was measured, and we discuss the relationship between the secondary structure of the enzyme and alkaline stability at pH 12 in comparison with that of subtilisin NAT. The structural gene (aprS) was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence for the mature protein (269 amino acids) was preceded by a putative signal sequence of 27 residues and a putative pro-sequence of 86 amino acids. The homology of the primary structure for 13 subtilisins was compared. The catalytic triad (Asp32, His64, and Ser221 with the numbering of subtilisin BPN') and the amino acid sequences near these amino acid residues were well conserved. As a special feature, it was observed that there was an extensive number of negatively charged amino acids in the pro-region of subtilisin Sendai and alkaline subtilisins. This was different from those of subtilisin from neutrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Yamagata Y, Ichishima E. A new alkaline serine protease from alkalophilic Bacillus sp.: cloning, sequencing, and characterization of an intracellular protease. Curr Microbiol 1995; 30:357-66. [PMID: 7773103 DOI: 10.1007/bf00369863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a new serine protease from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. NKS-21, shotgun cloning was carried out. As a result, a new protease gene was obtained. It encoded an intracellular serine protease (ISP-1) in which there was no signal sequence. The molecular weight was 34,624. The protease showed about 50% homology with those of intracellular serine proteases (ISP-1) from Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa, and alkalophilic Bacillus sp. No. 221. The amino acid residues that form the catalytic triad, Ser, His and Asp, were completely conserved in comparison with subtilisins (the extracellular proteases from Bacillus). The cloned intracellular protease was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its purification and characterization were carried out. The enzyme showed stability under alkaline condition at pH 10 and tolerance to surfactants. The cloned ISP-1 digested well nucleoproteins, clupein and salmin, for the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Nagasaki T, Kimura O, Hamachi I, Shinkai S. Novel Chemical Modification of Myoglobin by an Alcohol-Responsive Phenylboronic Acid Function. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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