1
|
Valentini F, Roux JC, Lopez-Cuesta JM, Fambri L, Dorigato A, Pegoretti A. Fire behaviour of EPDM/NBR panels with paraffin for thermal energy storage applications. Part 1: fire behaviour. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
2
|
Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li YR, Li YM, Hu WJ, Wang DY. Cobalt ions loaded polydopamine nanospheres to construct ammonium polyphosphate for the improvement of flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Barczewski M, Hejna A, Sałasińska K, Aniśko J, Piasecki A, Skórczewska K, Andrzejewski J. Thermomechanical and Fire Properties of Polyethylene-Composite-Filled Ammonium Polyphosphate and Inorganic Fillers: An Evaluation of Their Modification Efficiency. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122501. [PMID: 35746078 PMCID: PMC9230569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new polymer compositions characterized by a reduced environmental impact while lowering the price for applications in large-scale production requires the search for solutions based on the reduction in the polymer content in composites' structure, as well as the use of fillers from sustainable sources. The study aimed to comprehensively evaluate introducing low-cost inorganic fillers, such as copper slag (CS), basalt powder (BP), and expanded vermiculite (VM), into the flame-retarded ammonium polyphosphate polyethylene composition (PE/APP). The addition of fillers (5-20 wt%) increased the stiffness and hardness of PE/APP, both at room and at elevated temperatures, which may increase the applicability range of the flame retardant polyethylene. The deterioration of composites' tensile strength and impact strength induced by the presence of inorganic fillers compared to the unmodified polymer is described in detail. The addition of BP, CS, and VM with the simultaneous participation of APP with a total share of 40 wt% caused only a 3.1, 4.6, and 3 MPa decrease in the tensile strength compared to the reference value of 23 MPa found for PE. In turn, the cone calorimeter measurements allowed for the observation of a synergistic effect between APP and VM, reducing the peak heat rate release (pHRR) by 60% compared to unmodified PE. Incorporating fillers with a similar thermal stability but differing particle size distribution and shape led to additional information on their effectiveness in changing the properties of polyethylene. Critical examinations of changes in the mechanical and thermomechanical properties related to the structure analysis enabled the definition of the potential application perspectives analyzed in terms of burning behavior in a cone calorimetry test. Adding inorganic fillers derived from waste significantly reduces the flammability of composites with a matrix of thermoplastic polymers while increasing their sustainability and lowering their price without considerably reducing their mechanical properties, which allows for assigning developed materials as a replacement for flame-retarded polyethylene in large-scale non-loaded parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (J.A.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.H.); (K.S.); Tel.: +48-61-647-58-58 (M.B.)
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.H.); (K.S.); Tel.: +48-61-647-58-58 (M.B.)
| | - Kamila Sałasińska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Czerniakowsa 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.H.); (K.S.); Tel.: +48-61-647-58-58 (M.B.)
| | - Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (J.A.); (J.A.)
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Andrzejewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (J.A.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu J, Yang F, Cheng F, Guo Z. Preparation of an electrically conductive, flame-retardant, and superhydrophobic recycled paper. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Luo Z, Chen Z, Wei J, Wang D, Chen H, Chen R. A transparent and intumescent phosphaphenanthrene/phenylpyrazole-containing epoxy resin system and its flame retardancy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008321992412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame retardant, PPMD, was designed from phosphaphenanthrene and nitrogen heterocycles through the two-step gut reactions of 1,4-phthalaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phe-nylpyrazol-5-ylamine. After determination of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared analyses, PPMD was added to an epoxy resin (EP) to facilitate a curing process. Thus, EP/PPMD samples with excellent transparency and flame retardancy were acquired. For example, the EP sample satisfied the UL-94 V-0 standard and achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% because of the incorporation of 5 wt% PPMD. The cone calorimeter test of the EP/5% PPMD sample revealed that its total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR) values of EP/5% PPMD was only 22.5% and 56.4% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of EP/5% PPMD was reduced by 34.1%, indicating that PPMD possessed high flame-inhibition activity and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PPMD were also investigated in gas phase by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and in condensed phase by XPS and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Han Chen
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang W, Zhang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xie C. Self-assembled bio-derived microporous nanosheet from phytic acid as efficient intumescent flame retardant for polylactide. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
8
|
Yang S, Zhang B, Liu M, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen D, Wang B, Tang G, Liu X. Fire performance of piperazine phytate modified rigid polyurethane foam composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Mengru Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Depeng Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
- Nanjing Gongda Kaiyuan Environmental Protection Technology (Chuzhou) Co., Ltd. Chuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Core-shell ammonium polyphosphate@nanoscopic aluminum hydroxide microcapsules: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardancy performance on wood pulp paper. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
10
|
Chen K, Cheng J, Wu B, Liu C, Guo J. Synergistic effects of strontium carbonate on a novel intumescent
flame‐retardant
polypropylene system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jingwei Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chengjuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jianing Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu AC, Reinhart M, Hunter R, Lu K, Maikawa CL, Rajakaruna N, Acosta JD, Stubler C, Appel C, Appel EA. Seasonal Impact of Phosphate-Based Fire Retardants on Soil Chemistry Following the Prophylactic Treatment of Vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2316-2323. [PMID: 33529000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A preventative treatment of fire retardants at high-risk locales can potentially stop a majority of wildfires. For example, over 80% of wildfire ignitions in California occur at high-risk locales such as adjacent to roadsides and utility infrastructure. Recently a new class of ammonium polyphosphate retardants was developed with enhanced adherence and retention on vegetation to enable prophylactic treatments of these high-risk locals to provide season-long prevention of ignitions. Here, we compare three different ammonium (poly)phosphate-based wildland retardant formulations and evaluate their resistance to weathering and analyze their seasonal impact on soil chemistry following application onto grass. Soil samples from all three treatments demonstrated no changes in soil pH and total soil carbon and nitrogen amounts. Total soil phosphorus amounts increased by ∼2-3× following early precipitation, always remaining within typical topsoil amounts, and returned to the same level as control soil before spring. Available indices of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate levels for all groups were elevated compared to the untreated control samples, again remaining within typical topsoil ranges across all time points and rainfall amounts evaluated. Microbial activity was decreased, potentially because the addition of available nutrients from retardant application reduced the need for organic decomposition. These results demonstrate that the application of ammonium (poly)phosphate-based retardants does not alter soil chemistry beyond typical topsoil compositions and are thus suitable for use in prophylactic wildfire prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mac Reinhart
- Department of Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Rachel Hunter
- Department of Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Katie Lu
- Department of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nishanta Rajakaruna
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jesse D Acosta
- Department of Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Craig Stubler
- Department of Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Chip Appel
- Department of Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Wang W, Wang S, Yang Y, Li H, Sun J, Gu X, Zhang S. Self-intumescent polyelectrolyte for flame retardant poly (lactic acid) nonwovens. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021; 282:124497. [PMID: 33024356 PMCID: PMC7529633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for eco-friendly poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nonwovens grows at a high rate in the past several decades, however, only a little attention has been received for flame retardant PLA nonwoven fabrics. In this work, a novel halogen-free self-intumescent polyelectrolyte tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane polyphosphate (APTris) was synthesized by reacting ammonium polyphosphate with tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, and was then used to improve the fire resistance of PLA nonwovens via a dip-nip process. The flammability characterization indicated the limiting oxygen index value was increased to 30.0% from 18.3%, and the damaged area in the vertical burning test was reduced by about 87.0% by the presence of APTris. The cone calorimeter test results revealed that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the treated sample were decreased by 41.0% and 28.2% respectively compared with that of the control PLA nonwoven sample. The char residue was increased to 12.3 from 1.7 wt % at 800 °C. It is suggested that the dense char barrier formed at the presence of APTris prevents heat, smoke, and gas transfer, and hence enhance thermal dilatability and flame retardancy of PLA nonwovens. This simple sustainable halogen-free treatment has great potential to produce cleaner commercialized flame-retardant PLA nonwovens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen L, Meng Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Li J, Lv Q, Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Xiao D. Exploring the evolution process of high-performance amethyst geode-shaped hollow spherical LiFePO 4. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is selected to synthesize hollow spherical LFP. The cohesion of APP results in surface tension and drives the spheroidizing process. And carbon source is a significant factor to hold the framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology (INELT), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology (INELT), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qinniu Lv
- Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Zhaokun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology (INELT), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Yan L, Zhang H, Zhou S, Zou H, Chen Y, Liang M. Improving ablation properties of liquid silicone rubber composites by in situ construction of rich‐porous char layer. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gu L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of the halogen‐free, smoke suppression, organic–inorganic hybrid flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Linya Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Biomolecules as Flame Retardant Additives for Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040849. [PMID: 32272648 PMCID: PMC7240707 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological molecules can be obtained from natural sources or from commercial waste streams and can serve as effective feedstocks for a wide range of polymer products. From foams to epoxies and composites to bulk plastics, biomolecules show processability, thermal stability, and mechanical adaptations to fulfill current material requirements. This paper summarizes the known bio-sourced (or bio-derived), environmentally safe, thermo-oxidative, and flame retardant (BEST-FR) additives from animal tissues, plant fibers, food waste, and other natural resources. The flammability, flame retardance, and—where available—effects on polymer matrix’s mechanical properties of these materials will be presented. Their method of incorporation into the matrix, and the matrices for which the BEST-FR should be applicable will also be made known if reported. Lastly, a review on terminology and testing methodology is provided with comments on future developments in the field.
Collapse
|
18
|
Reply to Santín et al.: Viscoelastic retardant fluids enable treatments to prevent wildfire on landscapes subject to routine ignitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5105-5106. [PMID: 32079729 PMCID: PMC7071908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922877117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Ji Y, Yao Q, Cao W, Zhao Y. Base Promoted Intumescence of Phenols. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020261. [PMID: 31979373 PMCID: PMC7077410 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intumescent process of sodium (substituted) phenolates has been studied. The generation of hydrogen radical via a homolytic cleavage of the Ar–H bond and the subsequent hydroarylation of phenolates to cyclohexadienes along with cyclization and elimination reactions of cyclohexadienes are critical steps in the base promoted intumescence of phenols. The substituents show great influence on the intumescence of phenolates. Phenolates substituted with a weak electron donating group enable intumescence while those with an electron withdrawing group or strong electron donating group suppresses intumescence. This distinction can be justified by both electronic and steric effects of substituents on the generation of hydrogen radical and the degree of hydroarylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.J.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.J.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315201, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Weihong Cao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.J.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yueying Zhao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (Y.J.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wildfire prevention through prophylactic treatment of high-risk landscapes using viscoelastic retardant fluids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20820-20827. [PMID: 31570592 PMCID: PMC6800381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907855116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong fire prevention efforts, every year wildfires destroy millions of acres of forest. While fires are necessary for a healthy forest ecology, the vast majority are human-caused and occur in high-risk areas such as roadsides and utilities infrastructure. Yet, retardant-based treatments to prevent ignitions at the source are currently impossible with existing technologies, which are only suited for reactive fire prevention approaches. Here we develop a viscoelastic carrier fluid for existing fire retardants to enhance retention on common wildfire-prone vegetation through environmental exposure and weathering. These materials enable a prophylactic wildfire prevention strategy, where areas at high risk of wildfire can be treated and protected from ignitions throughout the peak fire season. Polyphosphate fire retardants are a critical tactical resource for fighting fires in the wildland and in the wildland–urban interface. Yet, application of these retardants is limited to emergency suppression strategies because current formulations cannot retain fire retardants on target vegetation for extended periods of time through environmental exposure and weathering. New retardant formulations with persistent retention to target vegetation throughout the peak fire season would enable methodical, prophylactic treatment strategies of landscapes at high risk of wildfires through prolonged prevention of ignition and continual impediment to active flaming fronts. Here we develop a sprayable, environmentally benign viscoelastic fluid comprising biopolymers and colloidal silica to enhance adherence and retention of polyphosphate retardants on common wildfire-prone vegetation. These viscoelastic fluids exhibit appropriate wetting and rheological responses to enable robust retardant adherence to vegetation following spray application. Further, laboratory and pilot-scale burn studies establish that these materials drastically reduce ignition probability before and after simulated weathering events. Overall, these studies demonstrate how these materials actualize opportunities to shift the approach of retardant-based wildfire management from reactive suppression to proactive prevention at the source of ignitions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Novel Thermoset Nanocomposite Intumescent Coating Based on Hydroxyapatite Nanoplates for Fireproofing of Steel Structures. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Reding NS, Shiflett MB. Characterization of Thermal Stability and Heat Absorption for Suppressant Agent/Combustible Dust Mixtures via Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Reding
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mark B. Shiflett
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Facile fabrication of biobased P N C-containing nano-layered hybrid: Preparation, growth mechanism and its efficient fire retardancy in epoxy. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Budd R, Cree D. Effect of fire retardants on mechanical properties of a green bio-epoxy composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Budd
- Department of Civil Engineering; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Duncan Cree
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gibson A, Wan-Jusoh W, Kotsikos G. A propane burner test for passive fire protection (PFP) formulations containing added halloysite, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Qi F, Xia Z, Jin J, Fu X, Wei W, Wang S, Sun G. Chemical Foaming Coupled Self-Etching: A Multiscale Processing Strategy for Ultrahigh-Surface-Area Carbon Aerogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2819-2827. [PMID: 29227086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unique structure, carbon aerogels have always shown great potential for multifunctional applications. At present, it is highly desirable but remains challenging to tailor the microstructures with respect to porosity and specific surface area to further expand its significance. A facile chemical foaming coupled self-etching strategy is developed for multiscale processing of carbon aerogels. The strategy is directly realized via the pyrolysis of a multifunctional precursor (pentaerythritol melamine phosphate) without any special drying process and multiple steps. In the micrometer scale, the macroporous scaffold structures with interconnected and strutted carbon nanosheets are built up by chemical foaming from decomposition of melamine, whereas the meso/microporous nanosheets are formed via self-etching by phosphorus-containing species. The delicately hierarchical structures and record-breaking specific surface area of 2668.4 m2 g-1 render the obtained carbon aerogels great potentials for absorption (324.1-593.6 g g-1 of absorption capacities for varied organic solvents) and energy storage (338 F g-1 of specific capacitance). The construction of such novel carbon nanoarchitecture will also shed light on the design and synthesis of multifunctional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Qi
- Division of Fuel Cell & Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhangxun Xia
- Division of Fuel Cell & Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jutao Jin
- School of Environment and Architecture, Dongguan University of Technology , Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Division of Fuel Cell & Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of Fuel Cell & Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Suli Wang
- Division of Fuel Cell & Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gongquan Sun
- Division of Fuel Cell & Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eceiza I, Barrio A, Martín L, Veganzones MA, Fernández-Berridi MJ, Irusta L. Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Eceiza
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, P.O. Box 1072; Donostia San Sebastian 20080 Spain
| | - A. Barrio
- TECNALIA, Construction Division, Area Anardi 5; Azpeitia E-20730 Spain
| | - L. Martín
- Macrobehaviour-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker Service, Polytechnic School; University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Plaza Europa 1; Donostia San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - M. A. Veganzones
- GIPSA-Lab, CNRS, 11 rue des Mathématiques, Grenoble Campus, BP.46; F-38402 St. Martin d'Hères Cedex France
- NEM Solutions; Paseo Mikeletegi 54 San Sebastian 20009 Spain
| | - M. J. Fernández-Berridi
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, P.O. Box 1072; Donostia San Sebastian 20080 Spain
| | - L. Irusta
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, P.O. Box 1072; Donostia San Sebastian 20080 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sypaseuth FD, Gallo E, Çiftci S, Schartel B. Polylactic acid biocomposites: approaches to a completely green flame retarded polymer. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBasic paths towards fully green flame retarded kenaf fiber reinforced polylactic acid (K-PLA) biocomposites are compared. Multicomponent flame retardant systems are investigated using an amount of 20 wt% such as Mg(OH)2 (MH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG), and combinations with silicon dioxide or layered silicate (LS) nanofillers. Adding kenaf fibers and flame retardants increases the E modulus up to a factor 2, although no compatibilizer was used at all. Thus, in particular adding EG and MH decreases the strength at maximum elongation, and kenaf fibers, MH, and EG are crucial for reducing the elongation to break. The oxygen index is improved by up to 33 vol% compared to 17 vol% for K-PLA. The HB classification of K-PLA in the UL 94 test is outperformed. All flame retarded biocomposites show somewhat lower thermal stability and increased amounts of residue. MH decreases the fire load significantly, and the greatest reduction in peak heat release rate is obtained for K-PLA/15MH/5LS. Synergistic effects are observed between EG and APP (ratio 2:1) in flammability and fire properties. Synergistic multicomponent systems containing EG and APP, or MH with adjuvants offer a promising route to green flame retarded natural fiber reinforced PLA biocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanni D. Sypaseuth
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuela Gallo
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Serhat Çiftci
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin X, Sun J, Zhang JS, Gu X, Bourbigot S, Li H, Tang W, Zhang S. Preparation of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Based on Supramolecular Interactions and Its Application in Polyamide 11. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24964-24975. [PMID: 28561583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The flammability and melt dripping of the widely used bio-based polyamide 11 (PA 11) have attracted much attention in the last decade, and they are still a big challenge for the fire science society. In this work, a novel single macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (AM-APP) that contains an acid source and a gas source was prepared by supramolecular reactions between melamine and p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, followed by an ionic exchange with ammonium polyphosphate. The chemical structure of AM-APP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. AM-APP and TiO2 were then introduced into PA 11 by melt compounding to improve the fire resistance of the composite. The fire performance of PA 11 composites was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), and cone calorimetry tests. The results showed that the presence of 22% AM-APP and 3% TiO2 increased the LOI value from 22.2 to 29.2%, upgraded the UL-94 rating from no rating to V-0, completely eliminated melt dripping, and significantly decreased the peak heat release rate from 943.4 to 177.5 kW/m2. The thermal behaviors were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and TG-FTIR. It is suggested that AM-APP produces an intumescent char structure and releases inert gases, whereas TiO2 may consolidate the char layers, leading to the improvement in the fire resistance of PA 11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Shiqing Zhang
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China , No. 37 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China
| | | | - Serge Bourbigot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207, UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59 000 Lille, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang P, Zhou Y, Su H, Lin H, Tian S, Chen Y, Yan J, He Y, Fan H. Hydroxyl-decorated ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant reinforcing agent in solvent-free two-component polyurethane. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Hui Su
- Guangdong Huizhou Quality and Measuring Supervision Testing Institute; Huizhou China
| | - Hong Lin
- Guangdong Huizhou Quality and Measuring Supervision Testing Institute; Huizhou China
| | - Saiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Yazhou He
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dumazert L, Rasselet D, Pang B, Gallard B, Kennouche S, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Thermal stability and fire reaction of poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites using natural clays and FR additives. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loic Dumazert
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès; Ecole des Mines d'Alès; 6 Avenue de Clavières 30319 Alès Cedex France
| | - Damien Rasselet
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès; Ecole des Mines d'Alès; 6 Avenue de Clavières 30319 Alès Cedex France
| | - Bo Pang
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès; Ecole des Mines d'Alès; 6 Avenue de Clavières 30319 Alès Cedex France
| | - Benjamin Gallard
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès; Ecole des Mines d'Alès; 6 Avenue de Clavières 30319 Alès Cedex France
| | - Salima Kennouche
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès; Ecole des Mines d'Alès; 6 Avenue de Clavières 30319 Alès Cedex France
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès; Ecole des Mines d'Alès; 6 Avenue de Clavières 30319 Alès Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Deng C, Yin H, Li RM, Huang SC, Schartel B, Wang YZ. Modes of action of a mono-component intumescent flame retardant MAPP in polyethylene-octene elastomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
A Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Its Application for Linear Low-Density Polyethylene. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Xiao D, Li Z, Gohs U, Wagenknecht U, Voit B, Wang DY. Functionalized allylamine polyphosphate as a novel multifunctional highly efficient fire retardant for polypropylene. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient novel allylamine polyphosphate (AAPP) as a flame retardant (FR) crosslinker is used to improve the thermal stability of flame retarded polypropylene (PP) composites under electron beam treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers
| | - Zhi Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute
- 28906 Getafe
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Uwe Gohs
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Udo Wagenknecht
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- IMDEA Materials Institute
- 28906 Getafe
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Elbasuney S. Novel multi-component flame retardant system based on nanoscopic aluminium-trihydroxide (ATH). POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Pan D, Zhu J, Wu Y, Chen K, Wu B, Ji L. Study on the crystal transformation of ammonium polyphosphate crystalline form V. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1192621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Detao Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
An efficient halogen-free flame retardant for polyethylene: piperazinemodified ammonium polyphosphates with different structures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
38
|
Dong LP, Huang SC, Li YM, Deng C, Wang YZ. A Novel Linear-Chain Polyamide Charring Agent for the Fire Safety of Noncharring Polyolefin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ping Dong
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Huang
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ying-Ming Li
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Cong Deng
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Feng C, Liang M, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Huang J, Liu H. An effective intumescent flame retardancy of LDPE induced by the combination of APP and CNCO-HA. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caimin Feng
- Department of applied chemical engineering; College of Applied Chemical Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan 528333 China
| | - Minyi Liang
- Department of applied chemical engineering; College of Applied Chemical Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan 528333 China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Department of applied chemical engineering; College of Applied Chemical Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan 528333 China
| | - Yikun Zhang
- Department of applied chemical engineering; College of Applied Chemical Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan 528333 China
| | - Jianguang Huang
- Department of applied chemical engineering; College of Applied Chemical Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan 528333 China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of applied chemical engineering; College of Applied Chemical Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic; Foshan 528333 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A facile and novel modification method of β-cyclodextrin and its application in intumescent flame-retarding polypropylene with melamine phosphate and expandable graphite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
41
|
Pappalardo S, Russo P, Acierno D, Rabe S, Schartel B. The synergistic effect of organically modified sepiolite in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
42
|
Ye T, Li J. Effect of anion of polyoxometalate based organic-inorganic hybrid material on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chemical Solutions of Fire Protection Problems. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/scine11.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
44
|
Qin Z, Li D, Lan Y, Li Q, Yang R. Ammonium Polyphosphate and Silicon-Containing Cyclotriphosphazene: Synergistic Effect in Flame-Retarded Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Qin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, National
Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dinghua Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, National
Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, National
Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, National
Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Air Force Equipment, Beijing 100843, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, National
Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Luo F, Wu K, Li Y, Zheng J, Guo H, Lu M. Reactive flame retardant with core-shell structure and its flame retardancy in rigid polyurethane foam. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Green Building Materials Academy, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Green Building Materials Academy, Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jiang P, Gu X, Zhang S, Wu S, Zhao Q, Hu Z. Synthesis, Characterization, and Utilization of a Novel Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Flame Retardant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie505021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shende Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongwu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen W, Liu G. Flame-retardancy properties of tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate based charring agents on polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Gousheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jiang Z, Liu G. Microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate resin and its flame retardancy in polypropylene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction scheme of MFT resin pre-polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Gousheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Thermal insulation of a transparent gel containing silica can be attributed to the different thermal behavior of Residue (I), Residue (II) and Residue (III) from its intumescent residual layer at high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
- Chengdu 610036
- China
| | - Xinguo Ge
- Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
- Chengdu 610036
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhou
- Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
- Chengdu 610036
- China
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
- Chengdu 610036
- China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liang S, Hemberger P, Neisius NM, Bodi A, Grützmacher H, Levalois-Grützmacher J, Gaan S. Elucidating the Thermal Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate by Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Photoionization: Pathways to the PO Radical, a Key Species in Flame-Retardant Mechanisms. Chemistry 2014; 21:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|