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Ebrahimi S, Stephen Sipaut C. The Effect of Liquid Phase Concentration on the Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Hydroxyapatite/Bioglass Composite Cement. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2576. [PMID: 34685016 PMCID: PMC8536983 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Composite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles and bioactive glass (BG) have been applied as appropriate materials for bone tissue engineering. In this study, hydroxyapatite/bioglass cement in different ratios was successfully fabricated. To prepare HAp and HAp/BG cement, synthesized HAp and HAp/BG powder were mixed in several ratios, using different concentrations of sodium hydrogen phosphate (SP) and water as the liquid phase. The liquid to powder ratio used was 0.4 mL/g. The results showed that setting time increased with BG content in the composite. The results also showed that with the addition of bioglass to the HAp structure, the density decreased and the porosity increased. It was also found that after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, the compressive strength of the HAp and HAp/BG cements increased with BG concentration up to 30 wt.%. SEM results showed the formation of an apatite layer in all selected samples after immersion in SBF solution. At 30 wt.% BG, greater nucleation and growth of the apatite layer were observed, resulting in higher bioactivity than pure HAp and HAp/BG in other ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Coswald Stephen Sipaut
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS Road, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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2
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Kumar M, Vasanthavel S, K Khan MI, Dhayalan A, Kannan S. Investigation on the structural, mechanical and in vitro biocompatibility features of CaZr 4 (PO 4 ) 6 influenced by Zn 2+ substitutions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1546-1558. [PMID: 31609522 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the possibility of Zn2+ substituted calcium zirconium phosphate [CaZr4 (PO4 )6 ] as a potential replacement for the existing materials in load bearing orthopedic applications. Pure CaZr4 (PO4 )6 ) and wide range of Zn2+ substitutions in CaZr4 (PO4 )6 have been synthesized through citrate assisted sol-gel technique. The characterization results confirmed the extraordinary structural stability displayed by CaZr4 (PO4 )6 until 1,550°C. Further, the flexibility of CaZr4 (PO4 )6 lattice to accommodate 40 mol% of Zn2+ has been determined. The microstructures of CaZr4 (PO4 )6 and Zn2+ substituted CaZr4 (PO4 )6 demonstrated irregular sized grains and cracks alongside the negligence to obtain definite grain boundaries. This has been reflected in the moderate mechanical properties of the investigated specimen; nevertheless, Zn2+ substituted CaZr4 (PO4 )6 displayed enhanced mechanical stability. Further, in vitro tests signified the remarkable biocompatibility and alkaline phosphatase activity of Zn2+ substituted CaZr4 (PO4 )6 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Materials Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | | | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Sanjeevi Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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3
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Formation of discrete β-Ca3(PO4)2-Y2O3 phase mixtures influenced through elevated heat treatments. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Study and Characterization of Mechanical and Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings on AISI 304L Stainless Steel. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.35.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of hydroxyapatite coatings is limited by their inferior mechanical properties such as brittle nature, low wear resistance, abrasion, fatigue, and hardness. This ultimately leads to the wear and early rupture of the hydroxyapatite coating on the implant. The main objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite by using additional reinforcement material such as alumina (Al2O3). The HAp powder has been reinforced with 15wt% Al2O3and its effect on the properties of HAp coatings has been studied. The HAp and HAp +15 wt% Al2O3coatings were deposited on AISI 304 L SS substrates using the plasma spraying technique. The morphology of the coatings developed was characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, and FTIR techniques. The corrosion resistance studies have been performed on uncoated and coated samples and found that HAp coated samples show superior resistance against corrosion (ICorr= 0.538 μA) than uncoated (ICorr= 3.550 μA) and HAp+15 wt% Al2O3coated (ICorr= 1.440 μA) samples when electrochemical corrosion studies were performed in Ringer’s solution. Surface roughness and microhardness were found to increase with the addition of Al2O3. Crystallinity (%) of the HAp coatings and HAp+15 wt% Al2O3coatings increases after the corrosion testing.
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5
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Nandha Kumar P, Mishra SK, Kannan S. Structural Perceptions and Mechanical Evaluation of β-Ca 3(PO 4) 2/c-CeO 2 Composites with Preferential Occupancy of Ce 3+ and Ce 4. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3600-3611. [PMID: 28234010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of cerium in the formation of stable β-Ca3(PO4)2/c-CeO2 composites and their structural analysis with varied compositional ratios were investigated. The composite formation was attempted through an in situ precipitation technique, and the gradual structural changes during heat treatments to yield the pure form of β-Ca3(PO4)2/c-CeO2 composites was presented. The cerium was found in Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states in composites. Ce3+ prefers to occupy the Ca2+(1), Ca2+(2), and Ca2+(3) sites of β-Ca3(PO4)2, whereas, beyond the saturation occupancy limit, excess cerium prefers to crystallize in the form of thermodynamically stable cubic ceria (c-CeO2). A uniform expansion of the β-Ca3(PO4)2 unit cell and the delayed allotropic conversion of β-Ca3(PO4)2 → α-Ca3(PO4)2 have been detected due to the Ce3+ occupancy at the β-Ca3(PO4)2 lattice. β-Ca3(PO4)2/c-CeO2 composites exhibited a steady upsurge in the mechanical properties with consistent enhancement of c-CeO2 content in the composites. The overall results from the investigation imply the appropriateness of the β-Ca3(PO4)2/c-CeO2 composites for applications in hard tissue replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Nandha Kumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University , Puducherry-605 014, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University , Puducherry-605 014, India
| | - Sanjeevi Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University , Puducherry-605 014, India
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6
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Nandha Kumar P, Ferreira JMDF, Kannan S. Formation Mechanisms in β-Ca3(PO4)2–ZnO Composites: Structural Repercussions of Composition and Heat Treatments. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1289-1299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Nandha Kumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | | | - Sanjeevi Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
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7
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Yang J, Hu X, Huang J, Chen K, Huang Z, Liu Y, Fang M, Sun X. Novel porous calcium aluminate/phosphate nanocomposites: in situ synthesis, microstructure and permeability. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3599-3606. [PMID: 26805036 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Permeable porous nanomaterials have extensive applications in engineering fields. Here, we report a novel system of porous calcium aluminate/phosphate (CaAl-CaP) nanocomposites fabricated by pore generator free processing. The CaAl rich samples have close micropores and are not permeable. Interestingly, the CaP rich composites have a unique three-dimensional nanosieve structure with interconnected nanopores and exhibit excellent liquid permeability and adsorbability. The pore size has a narrow distribution of 200-500 nm. The CaAl nanoplatelets in the CaP rich composite have a thickness of 202 nm, a diameter of 1600 nm and an aspect ratio of 8. The porosity is from 19% to 40%. The bending strength and compressive strength are 40.3 MPa and 195 MPa, respectively. The CaP rich nanocomposite is highly permeable so that a water droplet can completely penetrate in 10 seconds (1 mm thick disk). The blue dye can be desorbed in 45 min by ultrasonic vibration. Given the nanosieve porous structure, good permeability/adsorbability and high mechanical properties, the CaP rich nanocomposite has big potential in applications for chemical engineering, biomedical engineering and energy/environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Yang
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Juntong Huang
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX44QF, UK
| | - Kai Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Rare Earth Materials, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Grirem Advanced Materials Co., Ltd, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yangai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Fang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China
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8
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Shirazi FS, Mehrali M, Oshkour AA, Metselaar HSC, Kadri NA, Abu Osman NA. Mechanical and physical properties of calcium silicate/alumina composite for biomedical engineering applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 30:168-75. [PMID: 24316872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study is to investigate the effect of Al2O3 on α-calcium silicate (α-CaSiO3) ceramic. α-CaSiO3 was synthesized from CaO and SiO2 using mechanochemical method followed by calcinations at 1000°C. α-CaSiO3 and alumina were grinded using ball mill to create mixtures, containing 0-50w% of Al2O3 loadings. The powders were uniaxially pressed and followed by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) in order to achieve greater uniformity of compaction and to increase the shape capability. Afterward, the compaction was sintered in a resistive element furnace at both 1150°C and 1250°C with a 5h holding time. It was found that alumina reacted with α-CaSiO3 and formed alumina-rich calcium aluminates after sintering. An addition of 15wt% of Al2O3 powder at 1250°C were found to improve the hardness and fracture toughness of the calcium silicate. It was also observed that the average grain sizes of α-CaSiO3 /Al2O3 composite were maintained 500-700nm after sintering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Shirazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M Mehrali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - A A Oshkour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H S C Metselaar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Kadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Tanimoto Y, Teshima M, Nishiyama N, Yamaguchi M, Hirayama S, Shibata Y, Miyazaki T. Tape-cast and sintered β-tricalcium phosphate laminates for biomedical applications: Effect of milled Al2O3fiber additives on microstructural and mechanical properties. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:2261-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Meng YH, Tang CY, Tsui CP, Chen DZ. Fabrication and characterization of needle-like nano-HA and HA/MWNT composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:75-81. [PMID: 17577639 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic has been used in tissue engineering and orthopedics for its good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, its clinical applications are usually limited by the low strength and brittleness. The objective of this research was to develop a new kind of HA composites in which multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were introduced to the HA ceramic matrix to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. A simple chemical wet method was applied to synthesize the HA ceramic particles with the aid of surfactant and ultrasonication technique at normal atmospheric pressure. The morphology and microstructure of the synthesized HA were characterized by XRD and TEM as a function of treatment time. The results showed that the synthesized HA particles are needle-like with a length of 80-160 nm along the (211) direction and an aspect ratio of 5-15. MWNTs were treated with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The HA/MWNT composites were prepared by solution blending. The composites were sintered using a hot-press method. The mechanical properties of the HA/MWNT composites with different volume percentages of MWNTs were examined. The fracture toughness and flexural strength were improved by 50% and 28% separately when the volume percentage of MWNTs reached 7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Meng
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Epure LM, Dimitrievska S, Merhi Y, Yahia L'. The effect of varying Al
2
O
3
percentage in hydroxyapatite/Al
2
O
3
composite materials: Morphological, chemical and cytotoxic evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:1009-1023. [PMID: 17584892 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-alumina (HA/Al2O3) composites, with Al2O3 contents of 5, 10, 20, and 30%, were synthesized using a wet precipitation method and sintered at 900 and 1300 degrees C. We investigated the effect of sintering temperature and relative concentration of HA and Al2O3 on the chemical composition, surface morphology, and cytotoxicity of the composite powders. The XRD results show that in the 1300 degrees C composites, HA partially decomposed into CaO which combined with Al2O3 to form different calcium aluminates. For the 900 degrees C composites the CaO phase was not detected, though a Ca/P ratio larger than 1.67 measured by XPS suggests that CaO was present in trace amounts. SEM-EDX analysis indicated that the HA microstructure was affected by the sintering temperature, and this HA is present on the surface of Al2O3 particles. The cytotoxicity of the composites was assessed indirectly using the MTT assay. The short-term effect of leachables was quantified by exposing a L929 mouse fibroblast cell line to the degradation products released by the composites after immersion in the cell culture medium. Degradation products were less toxic to L-929 at lower extract concentrations (10, 50%) than at 100% concentration. Cell viability was also influenced by leachable size.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Epure
- Laboratoire d'Innovation et d'Analyse de Bioperformance-LIAB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de cardiologie, Laboratoire de Pathologie Expérimentale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Dimitrievska
- Laboratoire d'Innovation et d'Analyse de Bioperformance-LIAB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de cardiologie, Laboratoire de Pathologie Expérimentale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Y Merhi
- Institut de cardiologie, Laboratoire de Pathologie Expérimentale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - L 'h Yahia
- Laboratoire d'Innovation et d'Analyse de Bioperformance-LIAB, Biomedical Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Evis Z, Doremus RH. A study of phase stability and mechanical properties of hydroxylapatite–nanosize α-alumina composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Shtansky DV, Gloushankova NA, Bashkova IA, Kharitonova MA, Moizhess TG, Sheveiko AN, Kiryukhantsev-Korneev FV, Petrzhik MI, Levashov EA. Multifunctional Ti-(Ca,Zr)-(C,N,O,P) films for load-bearing implants. Biomaterials 2006; 27:3519-31. [PMID: 16530825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Films of Ti-Ca-P-C-O-(N), Ti-Ca-C-O-(N) and Ti-Zr-C-O-(N) were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering or ion implantation-assisted magnetron sputtering of composite targets TiC0.5 + 10%Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, TiC0.5 + 20%(CaO + TiO2) and TiC0.5 + 10%ZrO2 in an Ar atmosphere or reactively in a gaseous mixture of Ar + 14%N2. The microstructure, elemental and phase composition of films were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The films were characterized in terms of their hardness, Young's modulus, elastic recovery, adhesion strength, and friction and wear both in air and under physiological solution. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of deformation and fracture for various film/substrate systems during scratch testing. The biocompatibility of the films was evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro studies involved the investigation of adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and IAR-2 epithelial cells, morphometric analysis, actin cytoskeleton, focal contacts staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and von Kossa staining of osteoblastic culture. Cell culture experiments demonstrated an increase of osteoblastic proliferation on Ca- and P-incorporated films. In vivo studies were fulfilled by subcutaneous implantation of Teflon plates coated with the tested films in mice and analysis of the population of adherent cells on their surfaces. The results obtained show that multicomponent nanostructured Ti-(Ca, Zr)-(C, N, O, P) films possess a combination of high hardness, wear resistance and adhesion strength, reduced Young's modulus, low friction coefficient and high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Shtansky
- Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys, Leninsky pr. 4, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.
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14
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Liou SC, Chen SY. Transformation mechanism of different chemically precipitated apatitic precursors into beta-tricalcium phosphate upon calcination. Biomaterials 2002; 23:4541-7. [PMID: 12322974 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Ca-deficient apatite (CDHA) was prepared from the precursors of (CH3COO)2Ca x xH2O, Ca(NO3)2 x 4H2O and H3PO4, (NH4)H2PO4 to investigate the transformation mechanism of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP). X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the development of beta-TCP is not via direct reaction between Ca and P for all the different combinations between Ca and P precursors. The activation energy of beta-TCP formation with (NH4)H2PO4 as precursor was higher than that with H3PO4. Following the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation, the reaction kinetics of beta-TCP phase formation is found one-dimension growth with interface-controlled and diffusion controlled growth depending on the annealing temperature. There exists a transition between 750 degrees C and 825 degrees C, and the transition rate from interface-controlled to diffusion-controlled growth is precursor-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sz-Chian Liou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ROC
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15
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Horng Yih Juang, Min Hsiung Hon. Fabrication and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-alumina composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0928-4931(94)90033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Santos JD, Knowles JC, Reis RL, Monteiro FJ, Hastings GW. Microstructural characterization of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite composites. Biomaterials 1994; 15:5-10. [PMID: 8161658 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(94)90188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The influence of phosphate-based glasses and a bioactive silica glass on the sintering mechanism of hydroxyapatite was studied over a wide range of temperatures. The composites were microstructurally characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Small additions of phosphate-based glasses proved to be beneficial to the sintering process and fully dense materials were obtained. A significant improvement in mechanical properties was achieved. beta-TCP and alpha-TCP were found in the microstructure depending on the sintering temperature. Additions of bioactive glass led to the development of calcium phosphate silicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Santos
- IRC in Biomedical Materials, Queen Mary & Westfield College, London, UK
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